™ STEPS TO A 500 AP English Language Questions to know by test day Allyson Ambrose New York Chicago San Francisco Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan New Delhi San Juan Seoul Singapore Sydney Toronto Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc All rights reserved Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher ISBN: 978-0-07-175369-2 MHID: 0-07-175369-9 The material in this eBook also appears in the print version of this title: ISBN: 978-0-07-175368-5, MHID: 0-07-175368-0 All trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners Rather than put a trademark symbol after every occurrence of a trademarked name, we use names in an editorial fashion only, and to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark Where such designations appear in this book, they have been printed with initial caps McGraw-Hill eBooks are available at special quantity discounts to use as premiums and sales promotions, or for use in corporate training programs To contact a representative please e-mail us at bulksales@mcgraw-hill.com Trademarks: McGraw-Hill, the McGraw-Hill Publishing logo, Steps to a 5, and related trade dress are trademarks or registered trademarks of The McGraw-Hill Companies and/or its affi liates in the United States and other countries and may not be used without written permission All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners The McGraw-Hill Companies is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book TERMS OF USE This is a copyrighted work and The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc (“McGrawHill”) and its licensors reserve all rights in and to the work Use of this work is subject to these terms Except as permitted under the Copyright Act of 1976 and the right to store and retrieve one copy of the work, you may not decompile, disassemble, reverse engineer, reproduce, modify, create derivative works based upon, transmit, distribute, disseminate, sell, publish or sublicense the work or any part of it without McGraw-Hill’s prior consent You may use the work for your own noncommercial and personal use; any other use of the work is strictly prohibited Your right to use the work may be terminated if you fail to comply with these terms THE WORK IS PROVIDED “AS IS.” McGRAW-HILL AND ITS LICENSORS MAKE NO GUARANTEES OR WARRANTIES AS TO THE ACCURACY, ADEQUACY OR COMPLETENESS OF OR RESULTS TO BE OBTAINED FROM USING THE WORK, INCLUDING ANY INFORMATION THAT CAN BE ACCESSED THROUGH THE WORK VIA HYPERLINK OR OTHERWISE, AND EXPRESSLY DISCLAIM ANY WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE McGraw-Hill and its licensors not warrant or guarantee that the functions contained in the work will meet your requirements or that its operation will be uninterrupted or error free Neither McGraw-Hill nor its licensors shall be liable to you or anyone else for any inaccuracy, error or omission, regardless of cause, in the work or for any damages resulting therefrom McGraw-Hill has no responsibility for the content of any information accessed through the work Under no circumstances shall McGraw-Hill and/or its licensors be liable for any indirect, incidental, special, punitive, consequential or similar damages that result from the use of or inability to use the work, even if any of them has been advised of the possibility of such damages This limitation of liability shall apply to any claim or cause whatsoever whether such claim or cause arises in contract, tort or otherwise CONTENTS Preface v Introduction vii Chapter Autobiographers and Diarists Thomas De Quincey, Confessions of an English Opium-Eater Frederick Douglass, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass Benjamin Franklin, The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin Harriet Jacobs, Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl 12 Helen Keller, The Story of My Life 15 Chapter Biographers and History Writers 19 James Boswell, Life of Samuel Johnson 19 Thomas Carlyle, On Heroes, Hero-Worship and the Heroic in History 22 Winston Churchill, The Approaching Conflict 26 Thomas Babington Macaulay, Hallam’s History 29 George Trevelyan, Life and Letters of Lord Macaulay 32 Chapter Critics 37 Matthew Arnold, The Function of Criticism at the Current Time 37 Ralph Waldo Emerson, Shakespeare; or, the Poet 40 William Hazlitt, On Poetry in General 43 Walter Pater, Studies in the History of the Renaissance 46 John Ruskin, Of the Pathetic Fallacy 49 Chapter Essayists and Fiction Writers 53 Joseph Addison, True and False Humour 53 Francis Bacon, Of Marriage and Single Life 56 G K Chesterton, A Defence of Baby-Worship 59 Charles Lamb, The Two Races of Men 62 Michel de Montaigne, Of the Punishment of Cowardice 65 Chapter Journalists and Science and Nature Writers 69 Margaret Fuller, At Home and Abroad; or, Things and Thoughts in America and Europe 69 H L Mencken, Europe After 8:15 72 Charles Darwin, On the Origin of Species 74 Thomas Henry Huxley, Science and Culture 77 Charles Lyell, The Student’s Elements of Geology 80 ❮ iii iv ❯ Contents Chapter Political Writers 85 Thomas Jefferson, Sixth State of the Union Address 85 John Stuart Mill, Considerations on Representative Government 88 Thomas Paine, Common Sense 91 Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America, Volume 94 Mary Wollstonecraft, A Vindication on the Rights of Woman 98 Chapter 16th and 17th Centuries 103 Niccolo Machiavelli, The Prince 103 Thomas More, Utopia 106 Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan 109 John Milton, Areopagitica 112 Samuel Pepys, Diary of Samuel Pepys 116 Chapter 18th Century 121 Edward Gibbon, The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire 121 Samuel Johnson, Preface to a Dictionary of the English Language 124 John Locke, Second Treatise on Government 127 Jonathan Swift, A Modest Proposal 130 Richard Steele, The Tatler 134 Chapter 19th Century 139 Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Biographia Literaria 139 John Henry Newman, Private Judgment 142 Francis Parkman, The Oregon Trail: Sketches of Prairie and Rocky-Mountain Life 145 Henry David Thoreau, Civil Disobedience 148 Oscar Wilde, De Profundis 151 Chapter 10 20th Century 155 Willa Cather, On the Art of Fiction 155 W E B DuBois, The Souls of Black Folk 158 Charlotte Perkins Gilman, The Man-Made World; or, Our Androcentric Culture 161 George Santayana, The Life of Reason 164 Olive Schreiner, Woman and Labour 167 Answers 171 PREFACE The goal of this book is to provide passages and multiple-choice questions for you to become a skilled close reader who will have success on the AP English Language and Composition exam By practicing your close-reading skills, you can become the type of reader who is able to think like a writer, one who understands that writers make many choices that depend on the purposes of their texts The questions in this book will help you put yourself in the mind of a writer who thoughtfully chooses which words to use, what sentence types, what rhetorical techniques, what structure, what tone, etc If you work through these passages and questions, I am confident you will well on the exam Throughout my years of teaching AP English Language, I have asked my students what was most difficult about the exam and with what they would have liked more practice Without fail, each year the answer is older texts and more multiplechoice questions Because of their feedback, that is what this book provides—older texts (some from as early as the 1500s) and lots of multiple-choice questions—five hundred, to be exact! You can use this book as extra practice before the exam, perhaps in those last weeks or months, to feel and be well prepared This book is organized into ten chapters, six based on genre and four based on time period Each chapter is set up like one multiple-choice section of the exam, with five passages and a total of fifty questions Give yourself one hour to one chapter, and you can practice your timing along with your close-reading skills The wonderful thing about practicing your close-reading skills is that these skills also translate to improved writing skills Working through these chapters will help you analyze passages for their purposes and the techniques that achieve those purposes This is the same process that you will need to follow for the rhetoricalanalysis essay on the exam Working through these chapters will also help you to think like a writer and to understand the choices writers make This understanding of writers’ choices also will bring you success on the essay portion, which requires you to make choices and to think about your purpose and the best ways to achieve it These skills are also crucial to your success in college I wish you success on the exam and beyond, and I’m confident that by working through this book you will be ready to meet the challenges of the AP English Language and Composition exam Thank you to Dan Ambrose, whose continued love and support helped me to write this book And thank you to my colleagues, whose professional support and faith in me have been invaluable I’d also like to thank all of my past and current students; they make my work a joy and constantly delight me with their insight, diligence, and humor ❮ v ABOUT THE AUTHOR Allyson L Ambrose has taught AP English Language and Composition for several years She is a National Board certified teacher and a teacher of English language arts A teacher leader, Allyson has written curricula, facilitated professional development workshops, and mentored teachers of AP English Language and Composition Due in large part to Allyson’s instructional leadership, more than 90 percent of students at her school taking the AP English Language and Composition exam over the past three years have earned at least a on the exam, and more than 50 percent have earned at least a Allyson has also been a College Board SAT essay reader Allyson Ambrose’s passion for scholarship and commitment to education make her a leading pedagogue in the field of English language arts education vi ❯ INTRODUCTION Congratulations! You’ve taken a big step toward AP success by purchasing Steps to a 5: 500 AP English Language Questions to Know by Test Day We are here to help you take the next step and score high on your AP Exam so you can earn college credits and get into the college or university of your choice This book gives you 500 AP-style multiple-choice questions that cover all the most essential course material Each question has a detailed answer explanation These questions will give you valuable independent practice to supplement your regular textbook and the groundwork you are already doing in your AP classroom This and the other books in this series were written by expert AP teachers who know your exam inside out and can identify the crucial exam information as well as questions that are most likely to appear on the exam You might be the kind of student who takes several AP courses and needs to study extra questions a few weeks before the exam for a final review Or you might be the kind of student who puts off preparing until the last weeks before the exam No matter what your preparation style is, you will surely benefit from reviewing these 500 questions, which closely parallel the content, format, and degree of difficulty of the questions on the actual AP exam These questions and their answer explanations are the ideal last-minute study tool for those final few weeks before the test Remember the old saying “Practice makes perfect.” If you practice with all the questions and answers in this book, we are certain you will build the skills and confidence needed to great on the exam Good luck! —Editors of McGraw-Hill Education ❮ vii This page intentionally left blank CHAPTER Autobiographers and Diarists Passage 1a: Thomas De Quincey, Confessions of an English Opium-Eater I here present you, courteous reader, with the record of a remarkable period in my life: according to my application of it, I trust that it will prove not merely an interesting record, but in a considerable degree useful and instructive In that hope it is that I have drawn it up; and that must be my apology for breaking through that delicate and honourable reserve which, for the most part, restrains us from the public exposure of our own errors and infirmities Nothing, indeed, is more revolting to English feelings than the spectacle of a human being obtruding on our notice his moral ulcers or scars, and tearing away that “decent drapery” which time or indulgence to human frailty may have drawn over them; accordingly, the greater part of our confessions (that is, spontaneous and extra-judicial confessions) proceed from demireps, adventurers, or swindlers: and for any such acts of gratuitous selfhumiliation from those who can be supposed in sympathy with the decent and selfrespecting part of society, we must look to French literature, or to that part of the German which is tainted with the spurious and defective sensibility of the French All this I feel so forcibly, and so nervously am I alive to reproach of this tendency, that I have for many months hesitated about the propriety of allowing this or any part of my narrative to come before the public eye until after my death (when, for many reasons, the whole will be published); and it is not without an anxious review of the reasons for and against this step that I have at last concluded on taking it Guilt and misery shrink, by a natural instinct, from public notice: they court privacy and solitude: and even in their choice of a grave will sometimes sequester themselves from the general population of the churchyard, as if declining to claim fellowship with the great family of man, and wishing (in the affecting language of Mr Wordsworth): Humbly to express A penitential loneliness It is well, upon the whole, and for the interest of us all, that it should be so: nor would I willingly in my own person manifest a disregard of such salutary feelings, nor in act or word anything to weaken them; but, on the one hand, ❮ 10 15 20 25 ... forth into Sansculottism, or some other sort of madness: bricks and bricklayer lie as a fatal chaos—! 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 24 ❯ 50 0 AP English Language Questions to Know by Test Day 61 The... heart to publish and the right to withhold 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 34 ❯ 50 0 AP English Language Questions to Know by Test Day 91 In context, the word “apology” in line most nearly means: (A) an admission... classification (E) narration 35 36 ❯ 50 0 AP English Language Questions to Know by Test Day 100 The writer of the passage characterizes himself in the last paragraph in all of the following ways