Princeton Review_ AP English Language, 2012

Editorial Rob Franek, VP Test Prep Books, Publisher Seamus Mullarkey, Associate Publisher Laura Braswell, Senior Editor Heather Brady, Editor Selena Coppock, Editor Random House Publishing Group Tom Russell, Publisher Nicole Benhabib, Publishing Manager Ellen L Reed, Production Manager Alison Stoltzfus, Associate Managing Editor The Princeton Review, Inc 111 Speen Street, Suite 550 Framingham, MA 01701 E-mail: editorialsupport@review.com The Princeton Review is not affiliated with Princeton University Copyright © 2011 by Princeton Review Publishing Cover design © 2011 Random House, Inc Cover art © Andres Rodriguez/Alamy All rights reserved Published in the United States by Random House, Inc., New York, and in Canada by Random House of Canada Limited, Toronto “On Dumpster Diving” by Lars Eighner From Travels with Lizbeth Copyright © 1994 Reprinted by permission of Steven Saylor “The Hairy Maid and the Harpsichord: Some Speculations on the Meaning of Gulliver’s Travels” by Dennis Todd Copyright © 1992 by the University of Texas Press Reprinted by permission of the University of Texas Press Farewell to Manzanar by James D Houston and Jeanne Wakatsuki Houston Copyright © 1973 by James D Houston Reprinted by permission of Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company All rights reserved The End of Education by Neil Postman Copyright © 1995 by Neil Postman Used by permission of Alfred A Knopf, a division of Random House, Inc “Phenomenal Woman”, copyright © 1978 by Maya Angelou, from And Still I Rise by Maya Angelou Used by permission of Random House, Inc The Second Sex by Simone De Beauvoir, translated by H.R Parshley, copyright 1952 and renewed 1980 by Alfred A Knopf, a division of Random House, Inc Used by permission of Alfred A Knopf, a division of Random House, Inc “Romanticism and its Discontents” by Anita Brookner Copyright © 2000 Used by permission of Farrar, Straus and Giroux, LLC eISBN: 978-0-307-94442-9 ISSN: 1558-9676 Editor: Anya Yurchyshyn Production Editor: Stephanie Tantum 2012 Edition v3.1 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Even though there is only one author, a team of people contributed to the creation of this book First of all, I want to thank Paul Tipton for his sage counsel and Kamilla Khaydarov and Rachel Newman, who wrote the student essays Also, thanks go to my assistant, Kathryn Lee Her cheerful manner and professional support proved invaluable; I could not have completed the text without her help Thanks to Dawn Shepherd Wolfe and Jeff Soules, who updated and reviewed this book I cannot fail to mention both my wife, Susana, and Laura, who for months on end allowed me to replace them with my computer screen and tolerated the very, very occasional bouts of bad humor that resulted from my sequestration And finally I’d like to thank my colleague and friend Robb Cutler for suggesting that I take on this project; I have forgiven him CONTENTS Cover Title Page Copyright Acknowledgments Introduction PART I: WELCOME TO THE EXAM A Brief Introduction to the AP English Language and Composition Exam Why Do You Need This Book? A Bit of History You May Want to Know So Who Writes the AP English Exam–and What Does It Look Like? What Your Final Score Will Mean How to Register to Take the Exam (and Other Useful Information) How to Use This Book PART II: CRACKING THE SYSTEM: THE MULTIPLE-CHOICE SECTION Cracking the Multiple-Choice Questions Relax! Sample Passage #1–Here’s How It’s Done Further Practice Explanations To Sum Up PART III: CRACKING THE SYSTEM: THE ESSAYS Basic Principles of the Essay Section The Format and Content of the Essay Section The Importance of the Essay Section to Your Score Ready, Set, Write! All About AP Essay Scoring How to Make It Easy for the Reader to Give You a High Score For and Against the Five-Paragraph Essay Summary The Rhetorical Analysis Essay Is This A Rhetorical Question? Sample Essay #1–Here’s How It’s Done Sample Essay #2–Giving It Another Try Key Terms The Argumentative Essay First, A Word Sample Essay #1–Here’s How It’s Done Sample Essay #2–Giving It Another Try Most of All, Have Fun Key Terms The Synthesis Essay Why Are They Doing This to Me? Sample Essay #1–Here’s How It’s Done Moving On… Key Terms PART IV: AP ENGLISH LANGUAGE Words and Their Use The Good News and the Bad News About the AP English Language and Composition Exam Diction Rhetoric and Figurative Language Irony and Satire Key Terms The Hit Parade—Words, Words, Words The Hit Parade PART V: AP ENGLISH COMPOSITION Rhetorical Fallacies Avoiding the Fatal Fallacy Common Rhetorical Fallacies Sample Questions Key Terms 10 Basic Rhetorical Modes What Are Rhetorical Modes? Example or Illustration Classification Comparison and Contrast Analogy Moving On… Key Terms 11 Complex Rhetorical Modes Process Analysis Cause and Effect Definition Description Narration Induction and Deduction Key Terms PART VI: THE PRINCETON REVIEW AP ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND COMPOSITION PRACTICE TESTS AND EXPLANATIONS 12 Practice Test 1 Section I Section II 13 Practice Test 1: Answers and Explanations 14 Practice Test 2 Section I Section II 15 Practice Test 2: Answers and Explanations Introduction WHAT IS THE PRINCETON REVIEW? The Princeton Review is an international test-preparation company with branches in all major U.S cities and several cities abroad In 1981, John Katzman started teaching an SAT prep course in his parents’ living room Within five years, The Princeton Review had become the largest SAT prep program in the country Our phenomenal success in improving students’ scores on standardized tests is due to a simple, innovative, and radically effective philosophy: Study the test, not just what the test claims to test This approach has led to the development of techniques for taking standardized tests, techniques based on the principles the test writers themselves use to write the tests The Princeton Review has found that its methods work not just for Cracking the SAT, but for any standardized test We’ve already successfully applied our system to the GMAT, LSAT, MCAT, and GRE, to name just a few Obviously you need to be well versed in language and grammar to well on the AP English Language and Composition Exam, but you should remember that any standardized test is partly a measure of your ability to think like the people who write standardized tests This book will help you to brush up on your AP English Language and Composition skills and to prepare for the exam using our time-tested principle: Crack the system based on how the test is created We also offer books and online services that cover an enormous variety of education and career-related topics If you’re interested, check out our website at PrincetonReview.com HOW TO WORK WITH THE FREE RESPONSE AND ESSAY SECTIONS IN THIS EBOOK Throughout this ebook you’ll encounter free-response and essay questions, just like you’ll see on the real exam When working through them, look for the pencil-and-paper icon above You can either fill out your answers on a separate piece of paper to mimic your actual testing experience, or use the Notes functionality on your eReader If you are using a touch-screen reader or app, simply hold your finger over the first word in the line and then select “Note” to create a note and begin typing your answer If you are using a non-touch-screen reader, move your cursor up to the line where you want to enter an answer and then begin typing to create a new note You can then reference your answers anytime you are reading the eBook as they will be stored as notes on your device ... course in college, began to flock to AP English Language and Composition courses AP ENGLISH? ??DON’T CONFUSE THIS EXAM WITH ITS SISTER When you sit down to take the AP English Language and Composition... the other AP exams, there is no prerequisite for either AP exam in English; anyone who wants to take the tests may do so AND DON’T BE SHY… As you know, AP English courses, like other AP courses,... SO WHO WRITES THE AP ENGLISH EXAM—AND WHAT DOES IT LOOK LIKE? The AP English Development Committee writes the test, but ETS (Educational Testing Service) is involved in crafting it too The AP people (English