Preview 5 Steps to a 5 AP Chemistry 2022 by John T. Moore (2021)

Preview 5 Steps to a 5 AP Chemistry 2022 by John T. Moore (2021) Preview 5 Steps to a 5 AP Chemistry 2022 by John T. Moore (2021) Preview 5 Steps to a 5 AP Chemistry 2022 by John T. Moore (2021) Preview 5 Steps to a 5 AP Chemistry 2022 by John T. Moore (2021) Preview 5 Steps to a 5 AP Chemistry 2022 by John T. Moore (2021)

Copyright © 2021, 2019, 2018, 2017 by McGraw Hill All rights reserved Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher ISBN: 978-1-26-426798-9 MHID: 1-26-426798-3 The material in this eBook also appears in the print version of this title: ISBN: 978-1-26-426797-2, MHID: 1-26-426797-5 eBook conversion by codeMantra Version 1.0 All trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners Rather than put a trademark symbol after every occurrence of a trademarked name, we use names in an editorial fashion only, and to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark Where such designations appear in this book, they have been printed with initial caps McGraw-Hill Education eBooks are available at special quantity discounts to use as premiums and sales promotions or for use in corporate training programs To contact a representative, please visit the Contact Us page at www.mhprofessional.com McGraw Hill, the McGraw Hill logo, Steps to a 5, and related trade dress are trademarks or registered trademarks of McGraw Hill and/or its affiliates in the United States and other countries and may not be used without written permission All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners McGraw Hill is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book AP, Advanced Placement Program, and College Board are registered trademarks of the College Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this product TERMS OF USE This is a copyrighted work and McGraw-Hill Education and its licensors reserve all rights in and to the work Use of this work is subject to these terms Except as permitted under the Copyright Act of 1976 and the right to store and retrieve one copy of the work, you may not decompile, disassemble, reverse engineer, reproduce, modify, create derivative works based upon, transmit, distribute, disseminate, sell, publish or sublicense the work or any part of it without McGraw-Hill Education’s prior consent You may use the work for your own noncommercial and personal use; 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The AP Grades and Who Receives Them Reasons for Taking the AP Chemistry Exam Questions Frequently Asked About the AP Chemistry Exam How to Plan Your Time Three Approaches to Preparing for the AP Chemistry Exam Calendar for Each Plan STEP Determine Your Test Readiness Take a Diagnostic Exam Getting Started: The Diagnostic Exam AP Chemistry Final Practice Exam, Section I (Multiple Choice) Answers and Explanations for Final Practice Exam, Section I (Multiple Choice) AP Chemistry Final Practice Exam, Section II (Free Response) Answers and Explanations for Final Practice Exam, Section II (Free Response) Scoring and Interpretation STEP Develop Strategies for Success How to Approach Each Question Type Multiple-Choice Questions Free-Response Questions STEP Review the Knowledge You Need to Score High Basics Units and Measurements Dimensional Analysis—the Factor Label Method The States of Matter Phase Diagrams The Structure of the Atom Oxidation Numbers Nomenclature Overview Experiments Common Mistakes to Avoid Review Questions Answers and Explanations Free-Response Question Answer and Explanation Rapid Review Stoichiometry Moles and Molar Mass Percent Composition and Empirical Formulas Introduction to Reactions Reaction Stoichiometry Limiting Reactants Percent Yield Molarity and Solution Calculations Experiments Common Mistakes to Avoid Review Questions Answers and Explanations Free-Response Question Answer and Explanation Rapid Review Spectroscopy, Light, and Electrons The Nature of Light Spectroscopy and the Electromagnetic Spectrum Beer–Lambert Law Wave Properties of Matter Atomic Spectra Atomic Orbitals Photoelectron (Photoemission) Spectroscopy (PES) Experiments Common Mistakes to Avoid Review Questions Answers and Explanations Free-Response Question Answer and Explanation Rapid Review Bonding Lewis Electron-Dot Structures Ionic and Covalent Bonding Molecular Geometry—VSEPR Valence Bond Theory Molecular Orbital Theory Resonance Bond Length, Strength, and Magnetic Properties Structure of Metals and Alloys Experiments Common Mistakes to Avoid Review Questions Answers and Explanations Free-Response Question Answer and Explanation Rapid Review Solids, Liquids, and Intermolecular Forces Structures and Intermolecular Forces The Liquid State The Solid State Relationship of Intermolecular Forces to Phase Changes Potential Energy Experiments Common Mistakes to Avoid Review Questions Answers and Explanations Free-Response Question Answer and Explanation Rapid Review 10 Gases Kinetic Molecular Theory Gas Law Relationships Experiments Common Mistakes to Avoid Review Questions Answers and Explanations Free-Response Question Answer and Explanation Rapid Review 11 Solutions Concentration Units Electrolytes and Nonelectrolytes Colligative Properties Colloids Composition of Mixtures Separation of Solutions and Mixtures Chromatography Experiments Common Mistakes to Avoid Review Questions Answers and Explanations Free-Response Questions Answers and Explanations Rapid Review 12 Reactions and Periodicity AP Exam Format General Aspects of Chemical Reactions and Equations General Properties of Aqueous Solutions Precipitation Reactions Oxidation–Reduction Reactions Coordination Compounds Acid–Base Reactions Experiments Common Mistakes to Avoid Review Questions Answers and Explanations Free-Response Question Answer and Explanation Rapid Review 13 Kinetics How Reactions Occur—Collision Model Rates of Reaction Integrated Rate Laws Reaction Energy Profile Activation Energy Reaction Mechanisms Steady-State Approximation Multistep Reaction Energy Profile Catalysts Experiments Common Mistakes to Avoid Review Questions Answers and Explanations Free-Response Question Answer and Explanation Rapid Review 14 Thermodynamics Energy Diagrams Heat Transfer and Thermal Equilibrium Calorimetry Energy of Phase Changes Introduction to Enthalpy of Reaction Bond Enthalpies Laws of Thermodynamics Hess’s Law Enthalpies of Formation Thermodynamics and Equilibrium Thermodynamic and Kinetic Control Coupled Reactions Experiments Common Mistakes to Avoid Review Questions Answers and Explanations Free-Response Question Answer and Explanation Rapid Review 15 Equilibrium Equilibrium Expressions Magnitude of the Equilibrium Constant Properties of the Equilibrium Constant Calculating Equilibrium Concentrations Representations of Equilibrium Le Châtelier’s Principle Solubility Equilibria Common-Ion Effect pH and Solubility Free Energy of Dissolution Other Equilibria Common Mistakes to Avoid Review Questions Answers and Explanations Free-Response Question Answer and Explanation Rapid Review 16 Acids and Bases Acid–Base Equilibrium Ka—the Acid Dissociation Constant Kw—the Water Dissociation Constant Molecular Structure of Acids and Bases pH Kb—the Base Dissociation Constant Acidic/Basic Properties of Salts Buffers Acid–Base Reactions and Buffers Titration Equilibria Experiments Common Mistakes to Avoid Review Questions Answers and Explanations Free-Response Question Answer and Explanation Rapid Review 17 Electrochemistry Redox Reactions Electrochemical Cells Quantitative Aspects of Electrochemistry Nernst Equation Electrolysis and Faraday’s Law Experiments Common Mistakes to Avoid Review Questions Answers and Explanations Free-Response Question Answer and Explanation Rapid Review Additional Review and Applications 18 Nuclear Chemistry Nuclear Reactions Natural Radioactive Decay Modes Nuclear Stability Nuclear Decay Calculations Mass–Energy Relationships Common Mistakes to Avoid Review Questions Answers and Explanations Free-Response Question Answer and Explanation Rapid Review 19 Organic Chemistry Hydrocarbons Structural Isomerism Common Functional Groups Acid–Base Chemistry Experiments Common Mistakes to Avoid Review Questions Answers and Explanations Free-Response Questions Answers and Explanations Rapid Review 20 Experimental Investigations Experiment 1: Spectroscopy Experiment 2: Spectrophotometry Experiment 3: Gravimetric Analysis Experiment 4: Titration Experiment 5: Chromatography Experiment 6: Determination of the Type of Bonding in Solid Samples Experiment 7: Stoichiometry Experiment 8: Redox Titration Experiment 9: Chemical and Physical Changes Experiment 10: Kinetics Experiment 11: Rate Laws Experiment 12: Calorimetry Experiment 13: Chemical Equilibrium—Le Châtelier’s Principle Experiment 14: Acid–Base Titrations Experiment 15: Buffer pH Experiment 16: The Capacity of a Buffer Common Mistakes to Avoid Review Questions Answers and Explanations Free-Response Questions Answers and Explanations Rapid Review STEP Build Your Test-Taking Confidence AP Chemistry Practice Exam AP Chemistry Practice Exam 1, Section I (Multiple Choice) Answers and Explanations for Exam 1, Section I (Multiple Choice) AP Chemistry Practice Exam 1, Section II (Free Response) Answers and Explanations for Exam 1, Section II (Free Response) AP Chemistry Practice Exam AP Chemistry Practice Exam 2, Section I (Multiple Choice) Answers and Explanations for Exam 2, Section I (Multiple Choice) AP Chemistry Practice Exam 2, Section II (Free Response) Answers and Explanations for Exam 2, Section II (Free Response) Appendixes Pre-AP Diagnostic Exam SI Units Balancing Redox Equations Using the Ion– Electron Method Common Ions Bibliography Websites Glossary Avoiding “Stupid” Mistakes on the FreeResponse Section Exam Resources ... Reasons for Taking the AP Chemistry Exam Questions Frequently Asked About the AP Chemistry Exam How to Plan Your Time Three Approaches to Preparing for the AP Chemistry Exam Calendar for Each... Mistakes to Avoid Review Questions Answers and Explanations Free-Response Question Answer and Explanation Rapid Review Additional Review and Applications 18 Nuclear Chemistry Nuclear Reactions Natural... initial caps McGraw-Hill Education eBooks are available at special quantity discounts to use as premiums and sales promotions or for use in corporate training programs To contact a representative,