Identifying stressor of pharmacy student at nguyen tat thanh university

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING NGUYEN TAT THANH UNIVERSITY - PHAN UYỂN NHI IDENTIFYING STRESSOR OF PHARMACY STUDENT AT NGUYEN TAT THANH UNIVERSITY DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE PHARMACIST – ACADEMIC YEAR 2018 – 2019 HCM City – 2019 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING NGUYEN TAT THANH UNIVERSITY - PHAN UYỂN NHI IDENTIFYING STRESSOR OF PHARMACY STUDENT AT NGUYEN TAT THANH UNIVERSITY Field of study: Preventive Healthcare DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE PHARMACIST – ACADEMIC YEAR 2018 – 2019 Scientific instructor: MSc Lưu Thị Mỹ Ngọc HCM City – 2019 ORIGINAL LITERARY WORK DECLARATION I assure you that this is my research work The data and results stated in this report are honest and never published in any other research Student (signature, full name) Phan Uyển Nhi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Throughout the writing of this dissertation I have a great deal of support and assistance I would like to thanks my instructor MSc Lưu Thị Mỹ Ngọc, the Clinical Pharmacy teacher who has conveyed her knowledge, experiences, and skills to me during the past time I would like to thanks Professor Nguyễn Văn Thanh for your comments and feedback on the questionnaire before going to the survey I would like to thanks teaching crew of Nguyen Tat Thanh University for imparting knowledge and skills during the past time I study here Thank you for creating conditions, caring, helping and encouraging me in the process of completing the dissertation I would like to thanks the Teachers in the Board of Judgments Survey Committee for accepting the appreciation of my dissertation I would like to receive comments and suggestions from the teachers so that I can complete my dissertation I would like to thanks the students of the Faculty of Pharmacy from the 2014 to 2018 school year for enthusiastically participating in answering the survey question At the same time, I would like to express my sincere thanks to my family and friends who have always encouraged and helped me during the past time The dissertation may have some mistakes, so I want to receive sympathies and comments from you I promise to try to apply the knowledge I have learned in practice so that I won’t make our teachers disappointed Best Regards, Phan Uyển Nhi TABLE OF CONTENTS ORIGINAL LITERARY WORK DECLARATION ACKNOWLEDGMENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS i LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS v LIST OF FIGURES vi LISTS OF TABLES vii ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION PURPOSES CHAPTER LITERATURE REVIEW 1.1 The definition of stress 1.1.1 The causes of stress 1.1.2 The effects of stress on health 1.1.3 Information about Faculty of Pharmacy 1.2 Overview of stress studies in the world 1.3 Domestic studies 1.4 Depression Anxiety Stress Scales DASS 21 10 1.4.1 SPSS 23.0 Software 11 CHAPTER SUBJECTS AND RESEARCH METHOD 13 2.1 Participants 13 2.1.1 Participants 13 i 2.1.2 2.2 Time and Place of the Study 13 Methodology of research 13 2.2.1 Study design and setting 13 2.2.2 Sample Size Determination 14 2.3 Procedures for Data Collection 14 2.3.1 Pilot test 14 2.3.2 Final test 15 2.4 Variables of the study questionnaire 15 2.5 Data Quality Assurance 16 2.5.1 Data Quality Assurance of DASS 21 16 2.5.2 Data Quality Assurance of Educational Stress Scale for Adolescents 16 2.6 Data Processing and Analysis 17 2.7 Ethical Approval 17 2.8 The strengths and limitations of the study 17 2.8.1 The new of the study 17 2.8.2 The modernity and creativeness of the study 18 2.8.3 Limitations of the study: 18 CHAPTER RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 19 3.1 The result of the study 19 3.1.1 The result of socio demographic characteristics 19 3.1.2 Characteristics of habits and behaviors of research subjects 20 3.1.3 Family characteristics of the study subjects 21 3.1.4 Characteristics of the learning environment of the research subject 22 ii 3.1.5 Characteristics of Teaching Methods 23 3.1.6 Social relationships of the research subject 24 3.1.7 Learning attitude of students 25 3.1.8 Study problems of students 26 3.2 Stress rate of students 28 3.3 Relationship between personal, family and social factors to the stress rate of students of Faculty of Pharmacy 30 3.4 Discussion 33 3.4.1 Stress rate of study 33 3.4.2 Socio demographic 33 3.4.3 Family Factors 34 3.4.4 Characteristics of habits and behaviors of research subjects 34 CHAPTER CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 36 4.1 Conclusion 36 4.1.1 Stress rate of student of Faculty of Pharmacy in 2019 36 4.1.2 The relationship between stress and stressor in the study 36 4.2 The modern and creativeness of the study 36 4.3 Suggestions of the dissertation 37 4.3.1 For teachers, staff of the Faculty of Pharmacy 37 4.3.2 For students of the Faculty of Pharmacy 37 4.3.3 For family 37 4.3.4 For researchers 37 iii REFERENCES APPENDIX iv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS DASS Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale ESSA Educational Stress Scale for Adolescents SPSS Statistical Package for the Social Sciences WHO World Health Organization Y2014 Students of course 2014 – 2019 Y2015 Students of course 2015 – 2020 Y2016 Students of course 2016 – 2021 Y2017 Students of course 2017 – 2022 Y2018 Students of course 2018 – 2023 v LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1 Classroom in Faculty of Pharmacy Figure 1.2 Teaching activities at the Faculty of Pharmacy Figure 3.1 Characteristics of habits and behaviors of research subjects 20 Figure 3.2 Social relationship 24 Figure 3.3 Learning attitude 25 Figure 3.4 Difficulties in registering for a module online 27 Figure 3.5 The feeling of students when registering module online 28 Figure 3.6 Stress rate of students in each course 30 vi The situation of students smoking and using stimulants of students at the school is very well controlled The percentage of students smoking and drinking alcoholic beverages respectively: 11.6% and 31.9% The school needs to take measures to propagate health care for students, reducing to the lowest level as possible 35 CHAPTER CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 4.1 Conclusion 4.1.1 Stress rate of student of Faculty of Pharmacy in 2019 The proportion of students of the Faculty of Pharmacy at Nguyen Tat Thanh University is high, the rate of students with severe stress is 18.33%, and the severity is 8.8% 4.1.2 The relationship between stress and stressor in the study The results of multivariate analysis showed that some factors are statistically significant for each stress condition, in students Stress markers in students were associated with several factors: skipping breakfast (p = 0.034), smoking (p = 0.014), family’s economics (p = 0.011), effects from activities collective, club, team (p = 0.005), lecturers have a lot of test to get regular or plus scores (p=0.046), classroom facilities (p=0.047), temperature in classroom (p=0.005), worry a lot about graduate result (p=0.019), worry about studying worse than their friends (p=0.002), pressured about getting a job after graduation (p=0.006), worry about ability to succeed in the future (p=0.027) Factors related to stress are from personal, family, academic and social factors The conduct of further studies and at the same time interventions require hands-on from all sides from students, families to the school 4.2 The modern and creativeness of the study The modern and creativeness: The questionnaire is based on the actual situation at the faculty of pharmacy at Nguyen Tat Thanh University The study not only showing the stressors, the students’ self-strategies but also leading the way to help students The results will help improve the study environment so as to improve students’ health, educational quality and specialized ways to help students Through these things, we can both decrease the drop out percentage because of study environment pressure and enhance the reputation of ours university 36 4.3 Suggestions of the dissertation From the results, discussion and conclusions of the study, we make some recommendations as follows: 4.3.1 For teachers, staff of the Faculty of Pharmacy Regularly organizing collective activities, sports competitions for students to participate in order to enhance physical and mental health Do more in-depth research on ways to reduce student stress to improve the quality of student training 4.3.2 For students of the Faculty of Pharmacy Students also need to gain knowledge, coping measures when facing mental health problems Besides, students should also actively learn about their skills to recognize and control emotions 4.3.3 For family Parents need to equip themselves with the skills to control the emotions of themselves and their children, this will help parents recognize the emotional state of students and get timely support for student 4.3.4 For researchers The toolkit we use in this study should continue to be used to measure the status and severity of signs of anxiety and depression in large and unsuitable populations for clinical measurement Further research on mental health in students should use cohort design to overcome the limitations of cross-sectional design and avoid 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Retrieved 10 09, 2019, from Techopedia: https://www.techopedia.com/ 31 Fuad, M D (2014) Prevalence and risk factors of stress, anxiety and deperession among preclinical medical students in Universiti Putra Malaysia Retrieved 09 24, 2019, from Internalmedicine: http://internalmedicine.imedpub.com/prevalence-and-ris 32 Lovibond, S & (2018, 26) Overview of DASS Retrieved 24, 2019, from Psychology Foundation of Australia: http://www2.psy.unsw.edu.au/dass// 33 Pietrangelo, A., & Watson, S (2017, June 5) Retrieved from Healthline: https://www.healthline.com/health/stress/effects-on-body#1 34 R Beiter, R N (2015) The Prevalence and Correlates of depression, anxiety, and stress in a sample of college students Journal of Affective Disorders, 9396 35 Shamsuddin, K e (2013) Correlates of depression, anxiety and stress among Malaysia university students Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 318-323 36 Thang, T T (2017, 14) Stress sức khỏe Đã truy lục 09 30, 2019, từ Bệnh viện Tâm thần Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh: http://bvtt-tphcm.org.vn/stress-vasuc-khoe/ 37 Waghachavare, V., Chavan, V., Dhumale, G., & Gore, A (2013) Stress among Junior College Students in a Rural Area of Sangli District of Maharashtra Innovative Journal of Medical and Health Science, 294-297 38 Wahed, W Y (2016) Prevalence and associated factors of stress, anxiety and depression among medical Fayoum University students Retrieved 09 24, 2019, from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2090506 sciencedirect: APPENDIX Appendix Item-Total Statistics Appendix Questionnaire Appendix-1 Appendix Item-Total Statistics II38 II39 II40 II41 II42 II43 II44 II45 II46 II47 Scale Mean if Item Deleted 34.0074 33.7531 34.1062 34.1407 33.9457 34.4840 34.0667 33.9605 34.0099 35.5481 Item-Total Statistics Scale Variance if Corrected Squared Item Item-Total Multiple Deleted Correlation Correlation 32.948 497 504 33.454 504 517 33.382 508 350 32.027 597 424 32.254 597 435 32.107 501 367 31.775 598 526 31.795 614 582 31.386 616 533 35.823 107 039 Appendix-2 Cronbach's Alpha if Item Deleted 796 795 795 785 786 795 785 783 782 852 Appendix Questionnaire NGUYEN TAT THANH UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF PHARMACY SOCIAL REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM Independence – Freedom – Happiness THE SURVEY ON THE CAUSATIVE AGENTS OF THE PHARMACEUTICAL STUDENTS OF NGUYEN TAT THANH UNIVERSITY Stress is also called stress, psychological pressure That is the problem that we face every day in life The survey is designed to help identify the agents which lead to stress of the students of Pharmacy Department of Nguyen Tat Thanh University We hope to receive a review of your comments All information will be confidential and only for research is not used for any other purpose Thank you very much! I Personal information Please indicate your ideas by marking the "X" in the box or fill in the space that best suits you Gender:  Male  Female Nation:  Kinh  Others: Religion:  No  Yes: Date of birth: Student year: Number of session a week (present): II Survey content Here are some questions about stress, so please let me know what your ideas are by putting an "X" in the box that is right for you TT Content questions Answer General information about the survey subjects  Excellent: 3,60-4,00 What is your current cumulative GPA?  Very good: 3,20-3,59  Good: 2,50-3,19  Ordinary: 2,00-2,49  Fail: hours a day  < million VND a month On average, how much you spend each  – millions VND a month month?  > millions VND a month  Family Who pays for your tuition?  Funds, scholarships  By yourself Do you work part time while you are at  Yes school?  No  Yes Do you often study in group?  No FAMILY FACTORS AFFECTING STRESS STATUS Appendix-4 15 Marital Status of your parents? 16 How you think about the economic status of your family? 17 How many brothers and sisters you have? Do you often share your studies with your family? Does your family hope you can graduated 19 with high rank? Does your family aspire or require you to 20 continue to study after graduate? Does your family often have conflicts and 21 arguments among members? 18 22 Marital Status of you? ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AFFECTING THE STRESS STATUS What type of spirit when you participate in 23 many activities of Pharmacy Department or in your school? What types of emotion when you 24 participate in many club or group activities?  Living together  Separated/divorced  Your father/mother pass away  Others:  Poor (must have warrant)  Near-poor (must have warrant)  Well-off/Rich  one  two   three  Yes  No  Yes  No  Yes  No  Yes  No  Single  Married  Have boy/girlfriend  Voluntary  Obligatory  Amused, excited, great  Normal  Stressed, tried, cross  Affect negatively, make me feel comfortable, relaxed and help me gain more experience How movement activities, clubs, teams anh life skills 25 affect your life and studies?  Not help me a lot when I get stuck  Waste time and cause a lot of trouble Are you interested in the new learning  Yes 26 methods of Pharmacy Department  No teachers? Teachers direct the learning methods and  Yes 27 the way to work in group?  No Appendix-5 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 Lecturers use a variety of scoring methods (presentation, essay) is a pressure for students? Many lesson of lecturers have a test to get regular or plus scores? Are the school’s classroom facilities solid and large to meet your learning needs? Does many classroom facilities such as projector, speaker or mic have enough and ensure good operation to meet learning and teaching needs? How you think about the temperature of air-conditioner in classroom? Does it respond well in the hot summer? Does hot air in classroom affect a lot to learning? Are you satisfied with the attitude of school staff when solving many school problem? Do you have trouble when setting a schedule or registering for a module??  Yes  No     Yes No Yes No  Yes  No  Yes  No  Yes  No  Yes  No  Yes  No  Don’t have computer or laptop and internet  Network congestion due to overcrowded access  Spend too much time waiting for registration What are your difficulties 36 registering for module? (have a lot of choice) when  Section classes don’t open on time as announced  Unable to register a class according because to there the are schedule enough numbers  Others: Appendix-6  Comfortable, What are your feelings every time you  Don’t have any pressure 37 register for module?  Normal  Tired, angry (can have a lot of choice)  Stressed The following statements are about your feelings and attitudes toward learning, circle the number that best represents your attitude towards academic achievement and learning in the past semester TT Content Totally disagree Disagree Don’t know Agree Totally agree I find Pharmaceutical 38 industry knowledge more difficult than others I find Pharmaceutical industry requires 39 carefulness, meticulously, and high accuracy I have a lot of lessons and 40 exercises I think too much about many subjects in next 41 semester That make me stressed I worry a lot about 42 graduate result I worry about studying 43 worse than my friends I feel pressured about 44 getting a job after graduation I worry about income from 45 profession in the future I worry about ability to 46 succeed in the future The questions below describe some mental health manifestations Read and circle the numbers 0, 1, 2, or for the situation you felt during the past week There is no right or wrong answer Do not stop too long at any sentence Appendix-7 The rating scale is as follows: = Did not apply to me at all (NEVER) = Applied to me to some degree, or some of the time (SOMETIMES) = Applied to me to a considerable degree, or a good part of time (OFTEN) = Applied to me very much, or most of the time (ALAWAYS) No 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 CONTENT I found it hard to wind down I was aware of dryness of my mouth I couldn't seem to experience any positive feeling at all I experienced breathing difficulty (eg, excessively rapid breathing, breathlessness in the absence of physical exertion) I found it difficult to work up the initiative to things I tended to over-react to situations I experienced trembling (eg, in the hands) I felt that I was using a lot of nervous energy I was worried about situations in which I might panic and make a fool of myself I felt that I had nothing to look forward to I found myself getting agitated I found it difficult to relax I felt down-hearted and blue I was intolerant of anything that kept me from getting on with what I was doing I felt I was close to panic I was unable to become enthusiastic about anything I felt I wasn't worth much as a person I felt that I was rather touchy I was aware of the action of my heart in the absence of physical exertion (eg, sense of heart rate increase, heart missing a beat) I felt scared without any good reason I felt that life was meaningless Appendix-8 0 ANSWER 2 3 3 0 1 2 3 3 0 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 3 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 ... situation as well as factors related to Pharmacy students at Nguyen Tat Thanh University in 2019 Objectives: Determination of stress rates and stressors in the students of Nguyen Tat Thanh University. .. leading to students being very easy to stress Student of the Faculty of Pharmacy Nguyen Tat Thanh University is also one of them Among the students of Nguyen Tat Thanh University, students of the...MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING NGUYEN TAT THANH UNIVERSITY - PHAN UYỂN NHI IDENTIFYING STRESSOR OF PHARMACY STUDENT AT NGUYEN TAT THANH UNIVERSITY Field of study: Preventive