* Chúng ta dùng phân từ hoàn thành trong một mệnh đề để diễn tả nó xảy ra trước động từ của mệnh đề còn lại.. Having registered, Anna entered the conference room.[r]
(1)BÀI ƠN TẬP CHƯƠNG TRÌNH LỚP 11 Unit 6: GLOBAL WARMING I Pronunciation
Echo questions (câu hỏi lặp lại): dùng để hỏi lại phần thông tin mà ta vừa nghe chưa rõ thể ngạc nhiên tâm vào lời nói người khác (ồ á?) Ta lên giọng cuối câu hỏi lặp lại
* Ta hỏi cách lặp lại phần thông tin. e.g A: David said to me that he's getting married
(David nói với anh lấy vợ) B: He's getting married?
(Ồ á?)
* Ta hỏi cách dùng câu có hình thức câu kể có từ để hỏi cuối câu.
e.g A: My lover's dog is so lovely Her name is Adam
(Con chó người yêu em thật đáng yêu Tên Adam.) B: Her name is what?
(Tên cơ?) II Grammar
1 Perfect participles (Phân từ hoàn thành) 1.1 Form: having + V-3/(e)d
e.g Having met his parents, he left home
(Sau gặp bố mẹ mình, anh rời khỏi nhà.)
He gave up smoking after having seen the death of a smoker
(Cậu ta bỏ hút thuốc sau thấy chết người nghiện hút thuốc.) Having drunk too much alcohol, he is vomiting now
(Vì uống q nhiều rượu nên ơng ta nôn mửa.)
* Note: Nếu phân từ hoàn thành đứng đầu cậu ta phải dùng dấu phẩy (,) hai mệnh đề. e.g Having met his parents, he left home
(Sau gặp bố mẹ mình, anh rời khỏi nhà) 1.2 Use:
* Chúng ta dùng phân từ hoàn thành mệnh đề để diễn tả xảy trước động từ mệnh đề lại
e.g Having registered, Anna entered the conference room
= After Anna had registered, she entered the conference room (Sau đăng ký Anna vào phòng hội nghị.)
* Chúng ta dùng phân từ hoàn thành mệnh đề để diễn tả lý cho động từ mệnh đề cịn lại (mệnh đề chính)
e.g Having worked on his computer for a long time, Peter feels dizzy now = Because Peter has worked on his computer for a long time, he feels dizzy now
(Giờ Peter thấy chóng mặt cậu làm việc máy tính lâu.) * Note: dùng phân từ hoàn thành hai mệnh đề có chủ ngữ
(2)2.1 Form: having + V-3/(e)d
Danh động từ hoàn thành dùng theo cấu trúc sau: * Verb + (object) + preposition + perfect gerund
e.g He apologized for having broken his watch (Cậu bé xin lỗi làm vỡ đồng hồ.). They praised the old lady for having caught the thief (Họ ca ngợi bà cụ tóm tên trộm.)
Một số động từ dùng với cấu trúc trên: apologize for, accuse of; blame for; congratulate on; criticize for; punish for; thank for; suspect of;…… * Verb + perfect gerund
e.g The little girl admitted having eaten all the cakes (Cô bé thừa nhận ăn hết số bánh đó.)
Một số động từ dùng với cấu trúc trên: deny, admit, forget, mention, remember, recall, regret…
* Note: để tạo thành thể phủ định ta thêm not vào trước danh động từ hoàn thành. e.g Hana was punished for not having done her homework
(Hana bị phạt chưa làm tập.)
2.2.2 Use: Danh động từ hoàn thành hình thức thay cho danh động từ đề cập đến hành động khứ xảy trước động từ đứng trước
e.g Peter admitted having poured milk into the bowl = Peter admitted that he had poured milk into the bowl (Peter thừa nhận đổ sữa vào bát.) III PRACTICE
Exercise 1: Practise reading the exchanges and mark / (rising intonation) on the echo questions.
1 A: Most of the environmental problems are man-made B: Man-made?
2 A: Scientists are concerned about the effects of global warming B: Scientists are concerned about what?
3 A: I cycle to work every day B: You do?
4 A: By 2050, rising temperatures could lead to the extinction of a million species B: The extinction of a million species?
5 A: In order to save our environment, we should reduce our use of paper products B: We should what?
Exercise 2: Give the correct form of the verbs in brackets
(3)3 Their clients agreed to pay by check after (receive) the contracts He went out to play after (ask) his mother's permission We went to bed after (switch) all the lights
6 My friend's cousin apologized for _ (break) my vase months ago His neighbors suspected him of (dump) a lot of rubbish onto the beach The president was awarded for (promote) the close relationship between two countries
9 Last week, that strong man accuse) of having attacked the old lady's puppy 10 They congratulated their beloved mayor on _(give) an excellent speech Exercise 3: Complete the following sentences
1 He did not drive home himself after _ _, they had no desire to go there
3 _, he was taken to hospital and had an operation She said good-bye to him after Farmers turned to use bio-fertilizers after _ Exercise 4: Find and correct mistakes in following sentences.
1 Have washed the car, the skilled mechanic noticed a small scratch on the front left fender _
2 The sales manager was praised for take an important role in the development of the organization
_ Read his proposal carefully, he submitted it to his lecturer
_ The board of director made big decisions after discuss for a long time
_ The architect's co-worker apologized for having not kept his promise
Exercise 5: Rearrange the words/phrases to make meaningful sentences.
1 the / was / having / of / He / stolen / money / accused
_ wine / She / up / of / suddenly, / glass / stood / upsetting / a
_ trap / he / right / walked / the / nothing, / Suspecting / into
finished / Having/ his / he / to / all / bed / homework, / went
film / before, / Having / the / the / didn't seen / want / I / to / to / cinema / go
_ ANSWER KEYS:
(4)1 A: Most of the environmental problems are man-made B: Man-made? /
2 A: Scientists are concerned about the effects of global warming B: Scientists are concerned about what? /
3 A: I cycle to work every day B: You do? /
4 A: By 2050, rising temperatures could lead to the extinction of a million species B: The extinction of a million species? /
5 A: In order to save our environment, we should reduce our use of paper products B: We should what? /
Exercise 2: Give the correct form of the verbs in brackets Having taken off/ Taking off _
2 Having reached/ Reaching _ _having received/ receiving _
4 _having asked/ asking _ having switched/ switching _ _having broken/ breaking _
7 having dumped/ dumping having promoted/ promoting _ was accused _
10 _having given/ giving _
Exercise 3: Complete the following sentences
1 _having drunk too much/ having broken his arm
2 _Having seen the photograph of the place/ Having heard some bad news about that university _,
3 _After having fallen from the horse back ,
4 having realized that he was a liar/ having been cheated _
5 having realized/ having been told about the dangers of chemical fertilizers Exercise 4: Find and correct mistakes in following sentences.
1 Having washed the car, the skilled mechanic noticed a small scratch on the front left fender
Or: Washing the car, the skilled mechanic noticed a small scratch on the front left fender The sales manager was praised for having taken an important role in the development of the organization
Or: The sales manager was praised for taking an important role in the development of the organization
3 Having read his proposal carefully, he submitted it to his lecturer Or: Reading his proposal carefully, he submitted it to his lecturer
(5)5 The architect's co-worker apologized for not having kept his promise Or: The architect's co-worker apologized for not keeping his promise
Exercise 5: Rearrange the words/phrases to make meaningful sentences. He was accused of having stolen the money
2 She stood up suddenly, upsetting a glass of wine Suspecting nothing, he walked right into the trap Having finished all his homework, he went to bed
5 Having seen the film before, I didn’t want to go to the cinema
Unit 6: FURTHER EDUCATION
I. Pronunciation
Ngữ điệu giúp người nói biểu dạt ý nghĩa lời nói theo đích
Sử dụng ngữ điệu lên (rising intonation) cuối câu hỏi yes-no để kiểm chứng xác thơng tin
Ví dụ: Is your father a doctor?
Sử dụng ngữ điệu xuống (falling intonation) cuối câu hỏi có từ để hỏi who, whose, what, when, where, why how để lay thơng tin
Ví dụ: What are you doing next summer? What are you looking for?
2 What is further education? How are they different?
4 Will that lead to a bachelor's degree? / What are your plans for the future? II Grammar
The present perfect and the present perfect continuous (Thì hồn thành thì hồn thành tiếp diễn)
1 The present perfect a Form: has/have + V(p.p) b Use:
- Diễn tả hành động bắt đầu khứ, kéo dài tới cịn có khả tiếp diễn tương lai
(6)- Diễn đạt hành động xảy khứ không rõ thời gian e.g: Doctors have cured many deadly disease
Someone has stolen my car
- Diễ tả hành động lặp lặp lại nhiều lần khứ e.g: She has seen this film several times
- Diễn đạt kinh nghiệm, trải nghiệm
e.g: This is the first time I have ever eaten that kind of food
- Diễn đạt hành động xảy khứ để lại dấu hiệu hậu e.g: The children are dirty Where have they been?
The baby is crying Have you made fun of him?
Note: Những cụm từ chi thời gian thường dùng kèm với hồn thành ever never, many times, several times, since, for, before, so far, already, yet
2 The present perfect continuous a Form: has/have + been + V-ing b Use:
- Hành động bắt đầu khứ tiếp tục (nhấn mạnh tính liên tục) e.g: My sister has been working here since 2012
How long have you been learning English? For three months
- Hành động kết thúc khứ quan tâm tới kết e.g: I am very tired now because I have been working hard for 12 hours
Note: Sự khác biệt hoàn thành hoàn thành tiếp diễn
- Thì hồn thành ý đến kết hành động Trong đó, hồn thành tiếp diễn nhấn mạnh đến độ dài hành động, dù hành động kết thúc hay chưa kết thúc
e.g: He has painted the house (The house is white now.)
He has been painting the house for hours (He’s still painting it.)
- Thì hoàn thành tiếp diễn diễn đạt hành động mà khơng bị gián đoạn, nhấn mạnh đến tính liên tục hành động
(7)Exercise 1: In each sentence there is one verb which is in the wrong tense Find the mistake and correct it.
1 I have been applying for a vocational scholarship three times We have just been attending a seminar on further education
3 How long have the two international students been knowing each other?
4 I started the course two weeks ago, but I have already been passing most of the tests The academic year has just started and I have lived in the halls of residence so far
Exercise 2: Complete the following sentences with the present perfect or present perfect continuous.
1 A: Can I have a look at the glossary of study terms? B: Just a minute I (read) it myself
2 A: Let's go to the meeting with the international students this weekend B: I'd love to, but I (not finish) my assignment yet
3 A: You look so happy! What's up?
B: I (receive) an offer for a summer internship in Japan A: You look tired!
B: I (search) for information about higher education all morning A: Your room is in a mess! (look) for something?
B: My wallet I think I (lose) it somewhere
Exercise 3: Rewrite the sentences, using the words given and the present perfect or present perfect continuous.
1 Nam's still studying English He started studying it two years ago (for)
2 He attended two online vocational courses: one in 2012 and the other in 2013 (twice) The British Council established IELTS a long time ago It still uses this test as an international standardised test of English for non-native English language speakers, (for) The university started building a new campus in May They are still building it (since) Mary is staying at a homestay during her undergraduate programme The programme began three weeks ago (for)
ANSWER KEYS:
Exercise 1: In each sentence there is one verb which is in the wrong tense Find the mistake and correct it.
(8)3 How long have the two international students known each other?
4 I started the course two weeks ago, but I have already passed most of the tests
5 The academic year has just started and I have been living in the halls of residence so far Exercise 2: Complete the following sentences with the present perfect or present perfect continuous.
1 have been reading
2 have not finished have received
4 have been searching
5 Have you been looking; have lost
Exercise 3: Rewrite the sentences, using the words given and the present perfect or present perfect continuous.
1 Nam has been studying English for two years He has attended online vocational courses twice
3 The British Council has been using IELTS as an international standardised test of English for non-native English language speakers for a long time
4 The university has been building a new campus since May