Chapter Traditional, Structural, and Inferential Interviewing with Statement Analysis Techniques Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation By Denise Kindschi Gosselin 4-1 © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Traditional Interviewing Just-the-facts approach Use for witness evaluation Preliminary assessments To obtain emergency response information For field interviewing with limited time Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation By Denise Kindschi Gosselin 4-2 © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Identify the Sources Side-tracker One who falsely claims involvement as a witness or suspect to a crime Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation By Denise Kindschi Gosselin 4-3 © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Complainant The person who reports a crime or accuses another of an offense Victim or witness Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation By Denise Kindschi Gosselin 4-4 © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Guidelines for Traditional Interviewing Ask questions to answer in any order Who, what, when, where, why, how Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation By Denise Kindschi Gosselin 4-5 © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Determine the Actus Reus Determine if a crime has been committed Determine the nature of the offense Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation By Denise Kindschi Gosselin 4-6 © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Obtain an Admission Where Relevant An admission is when a person gives information of having been involved in a crime but downplays their role or lies about the extent of their behavior Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation By Denise Kindschi Gosselin 4-7 © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 What? What offense was committed? What happened? What weapon was used? What was said? What did the eyewitness hear or see? Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation By Denise Kindschi Gosselin 4-8 © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 What? Avoid leading questions Avoid sounding accusatory Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation By Denise Kindschi Gosselin 4-9 © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Who? Who is the victim? Who is the perpetrator? Who are the witnesses? Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation By Denise Kindschi Gosselin 4-10 © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Parts of Speech Evaluate pronoun, noun, verb, adjective Establish the norm in the statement Look for changes to the norm, evaluate why Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation By Denise Kindschi Gosselin 4-36 © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Example Example in rape case: My story (noun) has never changed; I would never hurt (verb) the child (adjective), I love (verb) him Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation By Denise Kindschi Gosselin 4-37 © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Pronouns Truthful persons provide statements using the pronoun “I,” first person singular Overuse of “we” indicates a lack of commitment and unwillingness to take responsibility Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation By Denise Kindschi Gosselin 4-38 © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Examples Example of truthfulness: I woke up and went to school I met some friends and we went to class together At noon we all left Example of lack of commitment: I woke up We all met and went to class We left when the lunch bell rang Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation By Denise Kindschi Gosselin 4-39 © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Nouns A change in noun use signifies a change in the reality of the suspect Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation By Denise Kindschi Gosselin 4-40 © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Examples Example of the norm: I loved my baby I did not mean to hurt my baby, but I drowned her Example of a deviation: I loved my baby I did not mean to hurt my baby, she went under the water and something kept her down Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation By Denise Kindschi Gosselin 4-41 © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Verbs It is normal to use the first person, singular past tense to recall past events Change in the tense of the verb signals possible deception Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation By Denise Kindschi Gosselin 4-42 © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Examples Example of the norm: I saw the shooting, I was so scared that I ran as fast as I could Example of a deviation: I saw the shooting I am so scared that I run away as fast as I can Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation By Denise Kindschi Gosselin 4-43 © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Verbs Statements which contain verbs such as “tried” or “started” represent a weakened assertion of the facts Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation By Denise Kindschi Gosselin 4-44 © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Examples Example of the norm: I screamed “no” over and over Example of a deviation: I tried to scream “no” over and over Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation By Denise Kindschi Gosselin 4-45 © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Adjectives Use of “that” and “those” to refer to a person suggests distancing Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation By Denise Kindschi Gosselin 4-46 © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Examples Example of the norm: I did not hurt David Example of a deviation: I did not hurt that child Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation By Denise Kindschi Gosselin 4-47 © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Field Statement Analysis A shortened version of the statement analysis Uses two rather than four components Lack of conviction Extraneous information Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation By Denise Kindschi Gosselin 4-48 © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Lack of Conviction A truthful statement is given with conviction Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation By Denise Kindschi Gosselin Frequent “I don’t remember” or “I believe” or “kind of surprised” are suspect 4-49 © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Extraneous Information A truthful person will provide events in a chronological order A truthful statement contains three parts; prior to the event, the event, and afterwards Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation By Denise Kindschi Gosselin They should contain roughly the same amount of information 4-50 © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 ... River, NJ 07458 Tools Use sketches and drawings Leave with the understanding they may be contacted again Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation By Denise Kindschi Gosselin... accurately and completely Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation By Denise Kindschi Gosselin 4-25 © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Structural Interviewing. .. Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation By Denise Kindschi Gosselin 4-31 © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Verbal Hedging Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing