Smart talk contemporary interviewing and interrogation by gosselin ch04

Traditional, Structural, and Inferential Interviewing with Statement Analysis Techniques Chapter Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation By Denise Kindschi Gosselin 4-1 © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Traditional Interviewing  Just-the-facts approach Use for witness evaluation  Preliminary assessments  To obtain emergency response information  For field interviewing with limited time  Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation By Denise Kindschi Gosselin 4-2 © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Identify the Sources  Side-tracker  One who falsely claims involvement as a witness or suspect to a crime Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation By Denise Kindschi Gosselin 4-3 © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Complainant  The person who reports a crime or accuses another of an offense  Victim or witness Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation By Denise Kindschi Gosselin 4-4 © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Guidelines for Traditional Interviewing  Ask questions to answer in any order  Who, what, when, where, why, how Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation By Denise Kindschi Gosselin 4-5 © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Determine the Actus Reus Determine if a crime has been committed  Determine the nature of the offense  Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation By Denise Kindschi Gosselin 4-6 © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Obtain an Admission Where Relevant  An admission is when a person gives information of having been involved in a crime but downplays their role or lies about the extent of their behavior Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation By Denise Kindschi Gosselin 4-7 © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 What?      What offense was committed? What happened? What weapon was used? What was said? What did the eyewitness hear or see? Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation By Denise Kindschi Gosselin 4-8 © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 What?   Avoid leading questions Avoid sounding accusatory Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation By Denise Kindschi Gosselin 4-9 © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Who?    Who is the victim? Who is the perpetrator? Who are the witnesses? Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation By Denise Kindschi Gosselin 4-10 © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Parts of Speech  Evaluate pronoun, noun, verb, adjective Establish the norm in the statement  Look for changes to the norm, evaluate why  Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation By Denise Kindschi Gosselin 4-36 © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Example  Example in rape case: My story (noun) has never changed; I would never hurt (verb) the child (adjective), I love (verb) him Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation By Denise Kindschi Gosselin 4-37 © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Pronouns  Truthful persons provide statements using the pronoun “I,” first person singular  Overuse of “we” indicates a lack of commitment and unwillingness to take responsibility Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation By Denise Kindschi Gosselin 4-38 © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Examples   Example of truthfulness: I woke up and went to school I met some friends and we went to class together At noon we all left Example of lack of commitment: I woke up We all met and went to class We left when the lunch bell rang Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation By Denise Kindschi Gosselin 4-39 © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Nouns  A change in noun use signifies a change in the reality of the suspect Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation By Denise Kindschi Gosselin 4-40 © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Examples   Example of the norm: I loved my baby I did not mean to hurt my baby, but I drowned her Example of a deviation: I loved my baby I did not mean to hurt my baby, she went under the water and something kept her down Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation By Denise Kindschi Gosselin 4-41 © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Verbs   It is normal to use the first person, singular past tense to recall past events Change in the tense of the verb signals possible deception Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation By Denise Kindschi Gosselin 4-42 © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Examples   Example of the norm: I saw the shooting, I was so scared that I ran as fast as I could Example of a deviation: I saw the shooting I am so scared that I run away as fast as I can Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation By Denise Kindschi Gosselin 4-43 © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Verbs  Statements which contain verbs such as “tried” or “started” represent a weakened assertion of the facts Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation By Denise Kindschi Gosselin 4-44 © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Examples   Example of the norm: I screamed “no” over and over Example of a deviation: I tried to scream “no” over and over Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation By Denise Kindschi Gosselin 4-45 © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Adjectives  Use of “that” and “those” to refer to a person suggests distancing Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation By Denise Kindschi Gosselin 4-46 © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Examples   Example of the norm: I did not hurt David Example of a deviation: I did not hurt that child Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation By Denise Kindschi Gosselin 4-47 © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Field Statement Analysis   A shortened version of the statement analysis Uses two rather than four components Lack of conviction  Extraneous information  Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation By Denise Kindschi Gosselin 4-48 © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Lack of Conviction  A truthful statement is given with conviction  Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation By Denise Kindschi Gosselin Frequent “I don’t remember” or “I believe” or “kind of surprised” are suspect 4-49 © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Extraneous Information   A truthful person will provide events in a chronological order A truthful statement contains three parts; prior to the event, the event, and afterwards  Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation By Denise Kindschi Gosselin They should contain roughly the same amount of information 4-50 © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 ... active participation by the interviewee Do not interrupt narratives Record accurately and completely Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation By Denise Kindschi Gosselin 4-25 © 2007... Structural Interviewing Steps   Build rapport Obtain narrative description from non-leading and open questions  Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation By Denise Kindschi Gosselin. .. information leading up to the event and after the event Determine the sequence of events Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation By Denise Kindschi Gosselin 4-19 © 2007 Pearson Education,