Smart talk contemporary interviewing and interrogation by gosselin ch08

Interviewing the Elderly Chapter Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation By Denise Kindschi Gosselin 8-1 © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Demographics of the Elder Population     America is no longer dominated by the youth In 1983, the elderly population surpassed the number of teenagers By 2030, in Americans will be elderly Elderly is defined as being aged 65 and older Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation By Denise Kindschi Gosselin 8-2 © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Crimes Against the Elderly  The majority of violence against elders is domestic abuse       Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation By Denise Kindschi Gosselin Self-neglect Abandonment Active neglect Passive neglect Physical abuse Sexual abuse 8-3 © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Fiduciary Abuse  Financial exploitation or economic abuse of elders Committed by strangers  Perpetrated by family or caregivers  Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation By Denise Kindschi Gosselin 8-4 © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Indicators of Fiduciary Abuse Uncharacteristic bank activity  Suspicious activity on credit card  Frequent or unauthorized use of ATM card  An un-witnessed will has been drawn up  Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation By Denise Kindschi Gosselin 8-5 © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Elder Assessment  The purpose of the assessment is to establish if any vulnerability or impairment exists that might affect the interview Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation By Denise Kindschi Gosselin 8-6 © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Elder Assessment:      If the elder has difficulty in answering simple questions If the elder has difficulty seeing or hearing If he or she needs ancillary devices such as a hearing aid or eyeglasses If the elder is physically self-sufficient If the elder is financially self-sufficient Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation By Denise Kindschi Gosselin 8-7 © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Questioning the Older Person  Pre-Interview  Assessment through conversationobserving evaluation Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation By Denise Kindschi Gosselin 8-8 © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Conversation-observing Evaluation         Be open-minded Speak with the elder at a place where they are comfortable, typically their own home This is a “friendly visit” for the purpose of observing Sit face to face with the elder Do not take notes without permission Introduce yourself and generally state your purpose Ask the person for their full name Refer to the elder by his or her title Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation By Denise Kindschi Gosselin 8-9 © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Conducting the Interview      Prepare for the interview Establish rapport Conduct the interview End the interview Follow up Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation By Denise Kindschi Gosselin 8-10 © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Step 3:  Conduct the interview  Avoid suggesting responses Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation By Denise Kindschi Gosselin 8-13 © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Step 4:  End the interview  Address objections involving family members Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation By Denise Kindschi Gosselin 8-14 © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Step 5:  Follow-up  Make referrals when needed Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation By Denise Kindschi Gosselin 8-15 © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 The Elder as a Witness  Do not assume that the elder suffers from dementia or senility Is there alcohol or drug overuse?  Is there abnormal sensatory performance?  Do they need glasses or hearing aid?  Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation By Denise Kindschi Gosselin 8-16 © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 The Elder as a Witness  Speak face to face  Do not smoke, chew gum, or cover your mouth  Do not speak too quickly  Establish eye contact Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation By Denise Kindschi Gosselin 8-17 © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Cognitive Limitations    No evidence of an age-related vulnerability to misinformation; contamination is a problem in all age groups Memory jogging techniques may enhance the recall for elder victims Patience may be needed to allow the elder the time she or he needs to answer a question Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation By Denise Kindschi Gosselin 8-18 © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Source Confusion   Elders are more susceptible to source confusion than younger adults Elders are also likely to act more confident regardless of their source misinformation Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation By Denise Kindschi Gosselin 8-19 © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 What is Source Confusion?   It is difficulty in distinguishing what they have witnessed themselves as opposed to what they may have heard from someone else Or a problem identifying the exact source of the information Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation By Denise Kindschi Gosselin 8-20 © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Recall   There is a significant difference in free recall between young adults (age 21) and elders (age 70) Older adult witnesses provide fewer descriptions of the perpetrator (physical, clothing, etc.) Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation By Denise Kindschi Gosselin 8-21 © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Face Recognition by Elder Witnesses   Older adults (60 – 80) are more likely to “false alarm” to new faces In other words they are more likely to falsely recognize a face they had not seen previously In the eyewitness identification setting, they are more prone to making false choices Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation By Denise Kindschi Gosselin 8-22 © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Concerns Due to Dependence  A common risk factor exists when the caretaker is financially dependent on the elder Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation By Denise Kindschi Gosselin 8-23 © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Types of Dependence  Care provided with or without contract Does it appear that the caregiver has been reluctant to supply the elder with eyeglasses, dental care, medications, or other needed services?  Is the elder incontinent with bedsores?   One who has accepted personal gifts from the elder Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation By Denise Kindschi Gosselin 8-24 © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Interdisciplinary Interviewing   The majority of reports concerning elder abuse are made to adult protective services rather than the police Multi-disciplinary teams represent an example of current approaches to the crimes affecting seniors Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation By Denise Kindschi Gosselin 8-25 © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Mandatory Elder Abuse Reporting  All 50 states, the District of Columbia, and some U.S territories require professionals to report suspected abuse or neglect of the elderly Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation By Denise Kindschi Gosselin 8-26 © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Crime Perpetrated by Elders    As people get older they commit less crime This is referred to as aging out Approximately one-third of domestic abusers are persons aged 60 and above In domestic violence among older married couples the woman is as likely as the man to be the abuser Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation By Denise Kindschi Gosselin 8-27 © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 ... economic abuse of elders Committed by strangers  Perpetrated by family or caregivers  Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation By Denise Kindschi Gosselin 8-4 © 2007 Pearson Education,... yourself and generally state your purpose Ask the person for their full name Refer to the elder by his or her title Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation By Denise Kindschi Gosselin. .. violence against elders is domestic abuse       Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation By Denise Kindschi Gosselin Self-neglect Abandonment Active neglect Passive neglect Physical