Tiểu thuyết lịch sử của lan khai tt tieng anh

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HANOI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION DO THI NHAN HISTORICAL NOVEL OF LAN KHAI Major: LITERATURE THEORY Code: 9.22.01.20 SUMMARY OF PHD THESIS IN PHILOLOGY Hanoi - 2020 The thesis is completed at: HANOI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION Instructor: Associate Professor Dr TRAN MANH TIEN Argument 1: Associate Professor Dr TRAN KHANH THANH Argument 2: Associate Professor Dr NGUYEN BICH THU Argument 3: Associate Professor Dr PHUNG NGOC KIEM The thesis will be presented before the Univeristy Council of thesis examin At : Hanoi National University of Education At time:…… , on date:…./ … / 2020 The thesis can be referred at library: National library, Hanoi Or library of Hanoi National University of Education INTRODUCTION The necessity of the thesis 1.1 Lan Khai is a typical writer of Vietnam's modern literature in the movement of literary innovation at the period from 1930 to 1945 His name left a deep impression in many genres such as psycho-social novels, forest stories, stories, criticism, research, collections, translation and painting, especially his historical novels Up to now, Lan Khai is the writer with the largest number of historical novels among Vietnam's modern writers (26 works) and is an early writer with an innovative, influential pioneering spirit He has very big impression on historical compositions in later stages, but until now his historical novels have not been fully and systematically studied Before 1945, with the trend of literary innovation, Lan Khai's historical novels caused controversy around historical and artistic matters and the use of language in historical novels These are complex issues so far the argument has not ended, and since his mysterious death has not been published for a long time, after 1945, there were many Lan Khai relics and dozens of historical novels have not been republished and are widely introduced to readers Up to now, there has not been any research work on Lan Khai's historical novels in a complete, large, comprehensive and systematic manner, especially his breakthrough achievements in the above types in the period from 1930 to 1945 From an innovative perspective, we will find the pioneering work in Lan Khai's writing on Vietnam's modern novels In 2006, the Vietnam Writers Association celebrated the 100th anniversary of Lan Khai's birth and the Scientific Workshop: Lan Khai with Vietnam's modern literature, Lan Khai was reverted, it shows that Lan Khai's literary heritage is very large, Lan Khai's historical novels account for a large part of his heritage and Vietnam's modern novels which needs to be studied in time It requires fully comrpehensive researches to Lan Khai's historical novel in terms of content and art form in order to see the contributions of writers in the period of 1930-1945 and the evolution of literary history, concurrently to clarify more theoretical issues 1.2 Historical novels that reflect the past imprints of the nation having an important position in literary life as well as in the spiritual life of the people During the innovation period, especially in recent years, the historical novels of Vietnamese writers have risen up with a large number of works and large scale that reflect largely and form many diverse and complicated trends, then there have appeared many different artistic concepts both in writing and receiving Historical novels have become the focus of literary news Before the current trend of international integration, more and more works are applied to modern Western theory in literary research including historical novels However, theory about historical novel introduced in domestically was dispersed and concept of the genre has not been unified, and the compositions have become more and more complicated, and there have been many debates surrounding the issue of history and artistic novel Coming from such situation, it requires us to understand that the compositions have been experienced effectively and appropriate approaches to bring a clearer view of the development of one particular literary genre in Vietnam's modern novel Therefore, we advocate studying Lan Khai's historical novels of Lan Khai in this form Besides, the achievements of Lan Khai's historical novel innovation before 1945 have not been properly viewed objectively At the same time, through our research achievements, we want to clarify the theory of genres in order to contribute to the comprehensive approach and system of historical novels of Lan Khai 1.3 The study of Lan Khai's historical novels has practical significance in teaching Literature and history in the school Because, the access to the compositions on the historical subject of teachers and pupils is still limited, it requires more knowledge of historical literature and intensive theory The research of historical novel by Lan Khai will provide more theoretical light and values in the work on historical themes to meet the needs of students to raise awareness in the school The study of Lan Khai's historical novels will contribute to make the Vietnamese literature picture more comprehensive, help students become more aware of the history, arousing aesthetic feelings among students about the glorious tradition of the nation Coming from the urgent need for research and learning today as well as contributing to summarizing the literary achievements of Vietnam in the twentieth century, we chose the topic of the Historical Novel of Lan Khai in order to clarify the theoretical and practical issues of writing as well as the contributions of the writer - Lan Khai in the journey of renewing genre and modernizing the country's literature in the early twentieth century Subject, scope of the research 2.1.Subject of the research In order to implement this topic, we focus on examining all the historical novels of Lan Khai that have been published and reprinted before 1945 From there, point out the characteristics of creative inspiration, artistic conception, the world of characters, characteristics of genre, methods and means of expression, personality forte in the creativity of the writer 2.2 Scope of the research In addition to the subjects to study, we will simultaneously expand the exploration of short stories and Lan Khai's historical genre; combined with some typical historical novels of medieval literature, historical novels by other writers of the same time and later literary periods We will conduct more in-depth investigations of about 20 typical Lan Khai's historical novels and learn more about the short stories and autographs of his historical topics (The waves of Lo Giang, Mui Ten Dep Loan, 8023) in the literary period from 1930 - 1945, and at the same, contact with some historical novels in abroad to clarify the object of the study Purpose and mission of the research 3.1 Purpose of the research In this study, we will shed light on the awareness and achievements of Lan Khai's historical novels and his important contributions that have opened up a new direction for modern Vietnamese historical novels in the movement of literature innovation 1930 - 1945 Based on the theory of genre and historical novel of Lan Khai, we will point out the forte, cultural capital, artistic conception, influential sources, method new genres, creative models of historical novel, factors that make up Lan Khai's artistic achievements Since then, clarify the problems of theory and writing practice about the type of historical novel in Vietnam's modern literature 3.2 Mission of the research Our research will show the successes and limitations of Lan Khai in the genre of historical novel in the literary period from 1930 - 1945 in both content and form of the art This confirms the contribution of Lan Khai to modern Vietnamese literature in the light of modern theory in the formation and development of Vietnam's modern historical novel from an innovative perspective Theorical base and researching method 4.1 Theorical base In the context of having a variety of diverse theoretical and literary systems, we advocate the historical and dialectical materialism of Marxism-Leninism as the basis and at the same time; combine the knowledge of modern Western literary theory to shine into Lan Khai's historical novels In particular, we pay special attention to the relationship between literature and reality and the role of the genre of historical novels, the sense of artistic innovation of the writer in creation in the areas of creative inspiration, writer's thought with the structure of the plot, characters, languages, the nature of the interference of genre, the problem of space and time At the same time, we also point out the concept of historical novel and some manifestations of Western literary schools such as the Cultural and Historical School, Psychoanalysis, Surrealism, Narrative Theory, semiotics, neo-historical schools, etc have influenced more or less the writer's work, showing the inheritance and creativity, innovating the historical view of Lan Khai on the flow of Vietnam's modern novel; between the history and artistic novels, historical novels and the context of composition, the writer's consciousness before the era made its own mark in the historical novels of Lan Khai; innovations in the artistic thinking of writers; Lan Khai's breakthroughs in selecting topics and creating characters in historical novels have made his own impression in Vietnam's modern novel that in both national and modern 4.2 Method of the research To implement Lan Khai's historical novels, we advocate the following research methods: 4.2.1 The method of historical materialism and dialectical materialism: We will put Lan Khai's historical novels into the specific creative context in the period of 1930 - 1945 to examine and explain his creative causes and results 4.2.2 Systematic method: We will gather Lan Khai's historical novels into a system to examine both content and form to see artistic conception, history forte and history display the pioneering in art novels 4.2.3 Comparative method: During the survey, if necessary, we relate the historical novels of Lan Khai with medieval novels, some historical novels by contemporary writers, calendar novels, contemporary history and foreign historical novel to clearly see the new and unique elements of Lan Khai's creativity in this genre 4.2.4 Method of classification: We will conduct the classification of types of characters, events, textures of Lan Khai's works, showing different perspectives on the history of the writer's novels 4.2.5 Interdisciplinary method: we conduct an analysis of the similarities and differences between history and literature in a culture in order to show the aesthetic aesthetic of literature and past reality In addition to the above methods, our thesis flexibly uses other approaches such as Cultural Studies, Feminism, Neolithicism, Inter-text Theory to complete the research objectives At the same time, we will focus on the use of analytical work to explore the ideas and artistic writing of the writer, both illuminating the theory of the genre and confirming the artistic style and strong innovative spirit of Lan Khai in this genre New contributrion of the thesis This is the first study of Lan Khai's scale and system of historical novel in both the content of reflection and the form of expression from the perspective of innovation in terms of conception, inspiration and composition Historical events with great significance reflect the thought of the writer's era through the movement of the character world in historical novel At the same time, highlighting Lan Khai's contributions to the creation of his groundbreaking new artistic methods and methods for creating story lines, characters, using language and time and art space We will show Lan Khai's own creative path, his unique marks and his contributions in literary innovation in the period of 1930 - 1945 in this subject By examining the historical novel genre of Lan Khai, we will shed light on the new ideas and creative methods in the writer's work that have transcended the traditional path, creating new qualities for national literature and certain influences on contemporary Vietnam's historical novel From there, clarify the theoretical issues from historical figures to literary figures; novelal issues in historical novel; receive history from literature, conception of historical figures in the new era as well as new characteristics of art poetry in the historical novel of Lan Khai Structure of the thesis In addition to the Introduction, Conclusion, List of References, our thesis is implemented in chapters Chapter Researching overview of historical novels and historical novels of Lan Khai Chapter From artistic conception to composing process in Lan Khai's historical novel Chapter From historical reality to art paintings in Lan Khai's historical novels Chapter Methods and measures of artistic expression in Lan Khai's historical novels Chapter RESEARCHING OVERVIEW OF HISTORICAL NOVEL AND HISTORY NOVEL OF LAN KHAI 1.1 Researching history on historical novel in the world and in the country 1.1.1 Definition of historical theory Historical novels written about events and characters of historical past have gone back and forth but were not consistent with the historian's writing If historians describe history with a cold, objective look with the chronicle of the pen, the historical novelist also entrusts his subjective and emotional view to historical events and figures Through history to "add more flesh" but still ensure the authenticity by the flexibility of art Historical novels attract the special attention of researchers In the Dictionary of literary terminology (1995) by the authors Tran Dinh Su, Le Ba Han and Nguyen Khac Phi pointed out the basic differences on the reflection topic of historical novel compared to other types of novel The authors emphasize the authenticity of historical novel but also acknowledge that novel is an indispensable characteristic of novels Historical novelists also provide different interpretations of historical novel In the article Writer Hoang Quoc Hai: Historical novel is the decoding of history (2017) with the opinion of writer - Hoang Quoc Hai considers novel to be a prominent feature of the genre of historical novel but must, to a certain extent, not distort history In this interpretation, the author still demands that writers of historical novel respect the authenticity of history In the article contemporary Vietnam's historical novel, some major trends (2018), the author, Nguyen Van Dan cited the opinion of historical novelist - Thai Vu when affirm to honestly reflect history as writing principles and mission should be towards from the writer And writer Nguyen Xuan Khanh in the article of "A few thoughts on historical novel (2012) especially considered novel as a "privilege" of historical novelist Writers become free composers not subject to the monopoly of historical thinking Views on historical novels by researchers and writers are rich but inconsistent Based on the research carried out, we would like to offer the following interpretation: Historical novels are works that have a smooth combination between basic characteristics of the novel and historical documents on the basis of take history as a topic and respect historical events and figures By borrowing old stories to speak now, historical novels offer profound insights into history, about human life in the way of contemporary human understanding In historical novel, novel aims to clarify characters, events, historical circumstances and increase artistic authenticity in novels 1.1.2 Situation of historical novel in the world In terms of critical theory in the world up to now, there has been the historical novel (1937) of G Lukacs (Hungary) in-depth study of historical novel expressing the extensive breadth of history development and basic characteristics of this genre Then, in Novel Art (1999), G Lukacs further developed: "Not only novel in general, but historical novel must reach the depth of historical philosophy" These sharp points have paved the way for establishing the distinctive features of historical novel in terms of creative principles, artistic purposes and the ability to reflect, perceive history, different from sub-novel, psychological theory, fantasy novels, etc Russian theorist, G Lenobl in his work of History and Literature (1960) considers the authenticity and authenticity of events and characters suitable to history books as the basic criteria in the composing principle of historical novels However, this concept is still "rigid" because in reality, the composition always has an extension and move that criterion; otherwise, the work is unavoidable in a coercive, awkward historical record and lack of flexibility of literary art Hayden White, one of the theorists of neo-modernism on "metahistory" has expressed the postmodern sense quite clearly From that fundamental point of view, he develops all his ideas: “History is narrative Hayden White's new conception of history creates a trend of historical dialogue, rediscovering history and promoting the development of historical novel In his current work on Western philosophy and aesthetics (1992, Culture Publishing House, Hanoi), he cited the views of Michel Foucault: "History is a discontinuity" Therefore there will not be a seamless narrative that we decode in the course of history This is an important contribution of Michel Foucault to promote the spirit of discovering history, exploiting and connecting "broken points" of history, promoting the development of historical novel The author, M Kundera in the work of novel art (1998) pointed out the very subtle difference between the historical novelist and the historian: “The historian recounts the events that happened, and the novel captures an ability of life, the capacity of man and the world Historical novelists record human experiences that historians not care about or not value ” The British politician and writer, George Otto Trevelyan (1838-1928) in British Social History (1922) stated: "History has no real scientific value, its sole purpose history is to educate people ” These concepts show that history and novel have many intersection points Both exist as stories, inevitably using imagination to recreate the past and compensating for the break, the emptiness of recorded truths The great French writer, Alexandre Dumas (father) considered history as a nail so that people could freely hang their paintings on it On the contrary, in the article discussing about historical novel (2012) in Nghe An Culture Magazine, quoting the opinion of Russian writer, A Tonxtoi: "Historical novel must be exactly like a historical research" Or in the historical novel and article (2012) in the People's Army Electronic Newspaper also mentioned the views of Japanese writer, Kikuchi Kan (1988 - 1948): "History in the novel must be famous person and event recorded in historical books" In the essay "The End of History" (1989), Fredric Fukuyama declared: "History was ended." But with the advent of post-colonial schools of thought, feminism and many other modern theoretical paradigms, history is being viewed more openly However, history is not summed up, but is put in many different angles, dialogues and complementary directions Even after the Post-Colonialist, novel was born, some countries around the world had to change their minds or rewrite history When there are many different perspectives on history, it opens the prospect of strong development of creative potentials of historical novelists 1.1.3 Situation of historical novel researching in Vietnam In the work of Modern Writers (1942), the author, Vu Ngoc Phan has a new perspective on historical novels but disagrees with the use of his inappropriate character language In the book of Nguyen Huy Tuong (1966) by the authors, Phan Cu De and Ha Minh Duc endorsed the view of considering history as a means rather than a salvation and appreciating the creativity of the writer This view is consistent with the treatment of historical material by many contemporary historical novelists The author, Bui Van Loi in the doctoral thesis of Vietnam historical novel from the early years of the twentieth century to 1945, (Appearance and characteristics, 1998) also generalized: “In historical novel, the writer has novelal rights, due to the specific characteristics of historical novels In novel, writers often corrupt the reality, realize damage, which provokes imagination and enhances the aesthetic sense" The author, Phan Cu De had an in-depth article titled Historical novel (published in the Journal of Writers in January of 2003) and Vietnam's Literature in the twentieth century - historical and theoretical issues (2004), Section of historical 10 novels, the author - Phan Cu De has initially studied the characteristics of historical novel genres in Vietnam but has not studied in depth about each specific author In the work of Tran Dynasty Storm, the work and public opinion (2006) published by the Women's Publishing House collected many articles from writers, researchers and historians, which confirmed the unique style of the writer Hoang Quoc Hai as well as the success of this historical novel in respect of objectivity, faithful reproduction of characters, historical events from the historical truth sublimated into artistic truth The author, Vuong Tri Nhan has an article entitled "History of Creative Inspiration" in Van Nghe Newspaper (No 16, April 21, 2007) also emphasizes the writer's freedom of creative imagination when reflecting history Next, in the article "Please not confuse between the novel and history in the Arts newspaper (No 45, 8/1/2008) to writer - Cao Duy Thao, the author - Dinh Kinh said that history is the core element of historical novel but cannot identify artistic truth with the history The author, Nguyen Van Dan, in the essay of Contemporary Vietnam's Historical novel, some major trends (2006), which just confirmed the historical truthfulness of historical novel, on the other hand, he said that he had to acknowledge the " blending truth and novel when recreating historical figures ”, shortening the epic distance The Author, Pham Quy Binh in the article of historical characters in modern literature (Literature Magazine No 36, September 2008) and the article discussing on novel (2012), the author - Hai Thanh all uphold the authenticity of history in historical novel Sharing the same point of view, the author, Nguyen Dang Diep in the thesis leading the Workshop on the topic of history and culture - Nguyen Xuan Khanh's artistic look (2009) also acknowledges the complexity, richness and diversity of Historical novel as a literary genre In Nghe An Culture newspaper on March 17, 2012, the author, Ngo Thoi Tan wrote the article: "The Four Great Wonders" of Chinese classical novels: the name - the text - the author summarized the great achievement of four classical Chinese novels (Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Water Margin, Journey to the West, Kim Binh Mai) and the relationship between history and literature This work reminds us of many valuable ideas in approaching and studying historical novels in the national culture In the work "History and culture, Nguyen Xuan Khanh's artistic look" (2012) of the Literature and Women's Publishing House published a more objective view of the success and limitations of Nguyen Xuan Khanh's historical novel and contemporary Vietnamese historical novel in general In the report leading the National Scientific Conference "Creative literature and art on historical topics" in Hanoi on December 15, 2012, the researcher, Phan Trong Thuong emphasized the relationship between historical events with artistic novel, the issue of artistic creation principles on the subject of history The dissertation of Vietnamese historical novel from 1945 to now by Nguyen Thi Tuyet Minh has extensively identified the movement, development and 14 deserving to be "a pioneer in the journey of novel innovation” In addition, during the past twenty years, a number of Master's thesis have mentioned some typical artistic achievements in Lan Khai's historical novels on characters, themes, ideas and historical approaches of the writer but still briely The research works are quite plentiful but not comprehensive, Lan Khai's massive system of historical novels with many unpublished works as well as not mentioning new points in the historical novels of Lan Khai Therefore, the implementation of our work is urgent, requiring a comprehensive survey and system of large heritage resources and more complete research products for teaching and learning 1.3 Matters mentioned in the historical novel research of Lan Khai Through researching historical novels of Lan Khai, we see emerging pressing issues: The volume of Lan Khai’s historical novels is very large but has not been republished for a long time, has not been fully studied and the system even has misleading and superficial comments on the evaluation of achievements and literary career as well as not see the artistic progress in each period of his writing Lan Khai's conception of historical novel shows a vision of the potential to evolve beyond the framework of traditional historical novel, access to modern art concepts in the world with unique artistic thinking but has not been fully investigated by researchers through a large number of heritage works on the historical assets of the writer Lan Khai's compositions in this genre represent a strong and profound innovation in content and art form that surpasses historical novel at the same time He deserves to be the "first person to open the innovation" of modern Vietnamese historical novels but so far his historical literary position as well as his contributions have not been satisfactorily evaluated Sub-summary of chapter Historical novel is a genre that formed early in the world and thrived in Vietnam in the period of 1930 - 1945, so far it still has a strong attractiveness to readers, which are interested by many domestic and foreign researchers He is a writer with a particular artistic tendency in approaching the topic of history; has just acquired the current concept of art to renew the traditional poetry The study of composing achievements of Lan Khai in general, especially historical novel in the first half of the twentieth century, is still incomplete and incomplete Therefore, our study will try to clarify new achievements in Lan Khai's historical novels, contributing to an objective assessment of his artistic and creative conception contributions to development of contemporary Vietnamese historical novel Chapter FROM ARTIFICAL CONCEPT TO THE HISTORICAL COMPOSING PROCESS OF LAN KHAI 2.1 Conception of Lan Khai about the writer and literature 15 2.1.1 Conception on the writer In many literary critiques, Lan Khai paid special attention to the important role of writers in the country's educational culture, affirming that writers must be talented, ethical, responsible At the same time, he also emphasized the national tradition, the sense of preserving the national identity of the writer Lan Khai is also an early writer deeply aware of the creative nature of literature He criticized the writing style as "the same as two drops of water" in a number of disrespectful writers who "pulled back the development of literature." art labor He said that writers must have a professional conscience reflected in having to write truthfully, to be responsible for life, for the people and the country Lan Khai's conceptions show the vision and enthusiasm of a great artist, a respectable talent 2.1.2 Conception on the literature Lan Khai especially appreciated the nationality in literature and its function to reflect the reality of literature He declared fierce war with the trend of escaping reality, a literature that lulls people in contemporary contemporaries and criticizes the kind of slave writer He also emphasized the humanity of literature, the writer must write in the spirit of humanity to guide people towards beauty and goodness He affirmed the literary equality between peoples as an upward path of social development The concept of art has shown an objective, transcendent view of the culture and literature of ethnic minorities, laying the foundations for collecting and writing activities on mountain topics in different stages after Lan Khai's concepts of literature have shown artistic pioneering and have important implications for the development of the country's literature in the first half of the twentieth century and beyond 2.2 Composing process of Lan Khai 2.2.1 Composing points and historical genre of Lan Khai Lan Khai left a large number of works in various genres such as psychosocial novels, forest stories, memos, literary criticism, poetry, translation, especially the large-scale historical novel At different times related to contemporary cultural historical space Through the remaining heritage, Lan Khai has left 28 novels, short stories, a memoir of the historical genius showing his strong national spirit, forte as well as abundant creativity 2.2.2 Composing situation of historical novel As an intellectual who was influenced by the Reformation in the early twentieth century, Lan Khai was not only deeply interested in the history of the country but also "soon involved in the great movements of national history" (Huu Sometimes), coupled with a wealth of historical knowledge, inspired him to write historical novels The motivation driving Lan Khai's dedication to writing historical novels also came from the desire to revive the national spirit for the new Vietnamese class in a stifling and dark era 16 Originating from the need of social awareness and literary modernization, Lan Khai has overcome the rigid norms of traditional thinking about historical novel to make history more vivid and complement hidden corners in the soul of the character with the multi-dimensional view of contemporary people 2.2.3 Historical novel composing evolutionary of Lan Khai The writer, Lan Khai began writing historical novels in 1933 with the work of Gai Thoi Loan and ended with Vietnamese works, where did you go? (1943) In 10 years of writing historical novel of Lan Khai, it can be divided into two stages: The period from 1933 - 1940 and from 1940 - 1943 2.2.3.1 Period from 1933 to 1939 Lan Khai's historical novels at this stage focused on two themes: fighting foreign aggression and internal politics In the topic of fighting against foreign invasion, besides the official historical picture, the author also expanded the amplitude to reflect local history with historical stories of fighting against foreign invaders of the people in the Northern mountainous provinces At the end of the nineteenth century, most of the historical novels of Lan Khai in this period overcame the influence of the pen of classical literature, absorbed the modern writing style of Western novels, actively participated in the movement of modernize literature of the country 2.2.3.2 Period from 1940 to 1943 This is the period of Lan Khai with the innovation, strong innovation of methods and measures of art in novel The author has promoted the fusion of the genre, created a variety of reflected content, art forms as well as the scale of the work, closer approach to the liberal, lively and complex human view sundry as some modern novel characteristics His compositions affirm the potential vitality of the nation throughout history and his best efforts in discovering expressions of expression according to the needs of new artistic aesthetics 2.2.4 Historical novel in writing career of Lan Khai and in Vietnam’s modern novel foundation 2.2.4.1 Historical novel in the writing career of Lan Khai In Lan Khai's writing career, historical novel plays an important role with a large number of nearly 30 works with a capacity of 2456 pages, 797 figure The size of the work and the number of characters are also larger than other genres The historical novel is the most profound and clear expression of the intense patriotism in the inner world of the writer national spirit and arousing the patriotism of the people during the period of the loss of slavery people Historical novel is also a piece of work that promotes the creative personality of Lan Khai to show a new way of thinking and the efforts to renovate the genre from the practical needs of literature and the acquisition of the quintessence of world literature 2.2.4.2 Historical novel of Lan Khai in Vietnam’s modern novel foundation Lan Khai's historical novels represent strong innovations in content and form in each work, contributing to laying the foundations for writers at a later stage 17 towards the structure, Lan Khai has brought to the historical novel a different picture with its predecessors He abandoned the writing form of chapter novels as well as the historical simulation of contemporary writers The art of depiction, storytelling in the Western modern prose style, which Lan Khai applied creatively, really created new elements for the genre of historical novel Sub-summary of chapter The historical novel of Lan Khai was born and developed in the trend of literary innovation in the first half of the twentieth century, the way we have been for more than decades, but his artistic concepts and the results of his writing are still news Lan Khai's artistic conception is related to the country's historical and cultural circumstances and the need to modernize national literature The historical novel of Lan Khai is the crystallization of national cultural traditions with the quintessence of modern novel in the world, showing his stature and influence on contemporary Vietnamese literature Male Therefore, from the perspective of artistic progress, in the light of modern literary theory, we will shed light on the new features of Lan Khai historical novel and enrich the system Research theory of historical novel Chapter FROM HISTORICAL REALITY TO ARTIFICAL PAINTING IN LAN KHAI’S NOVEL 3.1 Writing inspiration in historical novel of Lan Khai 3.1.1 Praise the patriotic tradition of the nation The inspiration for praising the historical tradition of the nation in Lan Khai's historical novels shows its focus through praising the patriotism and aspiration of Vietnamese people of all time This is the inspiration throughout many of his works but that is not why it becomes hard, dogmatic, or illustrating history The inspiration of praising people who are loyal and loyal to the Fatherland in the middle of turbulent times is the highlight of Lan Khai's works to express vindictive hatred for the invaders and henchmen 3.1.2 Praise beauty and goodness Each of Lan Khai's works is a novel creation of the beauty of people and nature that creates a unique art world Lan Khai's historical novel also praises the triumph of goodness in the mind and the soul of every human in a dark, turbulent society (White flag in the fog, God Peak, etc) Inspiration for beauty and goodness is also consistent with the idea of a writer permeated in the pages of novels, expressing his respect and pride in the traditional values of the nation, on the good nature of Vietnamese people through historical changes 3.1.3 Criticism of feudal society and war of meaninglessness When describing feudal wars, Lan Khai escaped the view of historians to reflect the war in many respects He paid attention to highlighting human mental losses caused by the war, paving the way for the dramatic inspiration of Vietnam's modern literature 18 His work also critically criticizes the dark, messy society that corrupts people The writer also showed directly evil in the social life and people's spiritual life, re-enacted the dark patches of life as well as of individual people as a form of fighting evil.s 3.2 Event in historical novel of Lan Khai 3.2.1 Throne change of feudal dynasties Lan Khai's historical novels are always focused on discovering the events of transfer or power struggle of many feudal dynasties that give rise to conflicts to build the plot Historical figures appearing in the fierce event will reveal the real people that when the rain stops, people can hardly see through The unstable, bumpy threshold of fate becomes an excuse for writers to explore the depth of their characters' souls with complicated psychological developments 3.2.2 Internal war in feudal society Lan Khai focused on depicting scenes of "meat-cooked skin", fraternal fraternalism in feudal society that caused tragic tragedies The crisis of feudal dynasties also re-created civil wars in some northern mountainous provinces that historical records were still lacking 3.2.3 Rise of the people to resist feudal society Reflecting the revolt of the people against the feudal court, Lan Khai expanded the scope of novel and the scale reflected the revolt of the people in different regions These events affirmed the role of the masses in history, the potential of women for history and expressed Lan Khai's multi-dimensional view of social people 3.2.4 The struggle against invading enemies and henchmen If other historical novelists often choose big events with shaky feats to recreate history, Lan Khai again chooses events that are missing in history to complete the historical picture and contribute to fill in the gaps of history On the other hand, when describing the revolt of the people against the invaders, the writer pays attention to portray the heroic qualities of ordinary people to assert the historical role of the people in the defense wars 3.3 Character world in historical novel of Lan Khai When describing the character, the writer avoided a one-dimensional way of portraying the character of the character: middle-flattering, good-evil, which his historical figures were described by the perspective of a modern novelist 3.3.1 Dominating characters in feudal denasties The character of kings in Lan Khai's work is not a copy of historical prototypes but extremely diverse and vivid Whether the king is a king or a king, or a talented or incompetent person, the writer will discover the inner depth to become "living characters" 19 The character such as Prince, Crown Prince, Prince in the royal court with all the ordinary or tragic nature lurks behind the glamorous cover of the royal court or fierce battles that reveal the nature and character The historical novel of Lan Khai also faithfully depicts the diverse system of mandarin These top-ranking figures were also vividly reproduced by writers in major historical events, helping to clarify the nature of feudal governments during the dynasties 3.3.2.Woman character in different situations 3.3.2.1.Woman character in the royal In Lan Khai's historical novel, the female character of the royal family actually removed herself from the uniform and rigid rituals to restore the mortal man The image of court ladies and maidservants is a new and unique artistic creation of Lan Khai When writing about the palace maid and the maidservant, he not only described the things I demanded to know only to be resigned and obeyed, but he paid special attention to depicting people with strong personalities who dared to protest against violent marriage the extraordinary nature of the palace woman in the palace The images of young ladies of the mandarins' children are also different from the feminine ones, the stations of medieval literature in the spirit of protesting along with the bad and the evil to protect the dignity They have overcome the feudal ceremony with extraordinary bravery to express a strong desire for love and freedom 3.3.2.2 Mountainous and rural women Images of mountainous and rural women appearing in Lan Khai's historical novels are victims of historical upheavals but still show strong national spirit They are also the leaders of the political arena, high and low pictures with life, rhyming time that makes the world go crazy, history has to be wobbly, humanistic ideas and sense of feminist rights express new and moving elements in each of Lan Khai's novels and have a great influence on the topic of women in literature in the later stages 3.3.3 Hero character with general social relations The image of the hero in the historical novel of Lan Khai is not only the generals whose history is listed, but also the heroic men who lived with the people but the history has not covered the picture more integrity Lan Khai also succeeded in portraying the heroine characters that were beyond the confines of feudalism, confirming the position and potential of women throughout history The hero in Lan Khai's work has escaped the "golden mold" of the heroic role model in traditional literature and touches the emotions of contemporary people 20 3.3.4 Soldier characters and the people The figures of soldiers in Lan Khai's work are historical witnesses who directly participated in the great historical event to create a timely but not arrogant and bossy appearance like the arrogant soldiers in Hoang Le united The Releases of Ngo Gia Van Dispatch In particular, he also saw through the tragic tragedies of the conquistadors all his life storming the battle, sometimes they were only a stepping stone for imperial ambitions It is also the suffering, the misfortune of the people behind the glory of the kingdoms Different from the view in many medieval literature, the crowd of people is the "ant-worm" class, in Lan Khai historical novel, people are a crowd with power like water, they are both human The historical evidence has both participated in the changes of the era like the storm and embodied the cultural tradition, the national spirit in the cause of fighting against foreign invaders and violent forces 3.3.5 Enemy and henchman character The difference between Lan Khai and his senior writers is that he does not think that all enemies are wolf and evil With a multi-dimensional and objective view, discovering the good parts of humanity, Lan Khai showed that the predators of the country are mostly violent and cruel but there are still people who are human, some are victims of war It shows the modern spirit of flexible change in his historical novel which confirms the writer's new, daring breakthroughs in renewing genre Sub-summary of chapter The system of characters in Lan Khai's historical novels with different social positions is vividly described from the perspective of personal life and world affairs with psychological depth highlighting different personalities The central figure in Lan Khai's historical novels carries tragedies associated with the times In that perspective on Lan Khai's female character, there are many profound and new things that go beyond the contemporary cognitive limits The author also expresses artistic breakthroughs in building characters out of the stereotype of people in medieval literature towards people of social harmony The success in selecting topics and building historical figures affirms the novel and daring innovations of the writer, demonstrating the artistic pioneering of Lan Khai in the trend of literary innovation Chapter METHODS AND MEASURES OF ART PERFORMANCEIN THE HISTORICAL NOVEL OF LAN KHAI 4.1 The harmonious combination between history and artistic novel in Lan Khai's historical novels 4.1.1 For the plot and historical characters When approaching history, Lan Khai devotes a lot of pen power to describe some of the people who have been criticized by the people to show an objective view of historical figures The thrilling and attractive love story melts into the history line 21 to create a lively, attractive story Writers have revived the past with novelal art, so history is no longer hard, but closer to life without distorting history, creating opportunities for co-creative readers to feel deeply more about history 4.1.2 Characters and novel situations In order for the painting of the past to appear fully, Lan Khai's historical novel also pays attention to depicting extremely diverse and rich novelal characters associated with novelal situations However, not all characters are identical with novel, but novel must rely on the situation of appearance and operation of the character for an artistic purpose The depiction of novelal characters has changed the space in the work, creating appeal and persuading readers 4.2 Flexible structure art 4.2.1 Inheriting and creating traditional novel models Among the 28 historical novels of Lan Khai, there are two works with a chapter-like structure, The Outer Love, Mile of Plums Other works are divided into chapters but only marked in the order of the chapters and omitted the quotation or verse at the beginning of each chapter The division of character lines in his work is not dependent on Confucian notions but based on patriotism and national ethical traditions They are not constrained by a historical view but a mortal man with ambition and aspiration, talent and tricks Based on the type of structure in two character lines, Lan Khai had new creations, when he placed the character in "a synthesis of social relationships" to make the character's portrait more vivid Lan Khai has innovated the way it ends in many works Not all his works end well; most of them end in an open, even tragic ending Most of Lan Khai's work has the logical, natural, unexpected end of Western modern novel, demonstrating efforts to innovate genres from the perspective of organizing different models of the work 4.2.2 Create modern novel model Without narrating history with an omniscient view, the writer delves into depicting an individual person with complex psychological developments to depict to fill gaps in human psychology in history The creativity and innovation of Lan Khai also shows in the way of organizing the structure of the work with the form of the story of the story, the components alternately flexibly express the delicate emotional tones of people in the past This is also his personal direction that has contributed practically to the creation of new models for modern Vietnamese novel 4.3 Methods of character portrait creation 4.3.1 Through introduction of character’s history, appearance, action On the journey of innovation, Lan Khai inherited the style of medieval literature in introducing biographies and depicting characters' appearance, combined with the use of realistic and lyrical pen to make faces, the spirit of historical figures and avoid the errant record of history to emphasize the special features of the character's appearance and biography to reveal the personality It is both a unique 22 feature of an "expert" pen, having "many literary virtues" and being highly personalized in the art of character depiction 4.3.2 Through language of dialogue and internal monologue Lan Khai rejects the conventional language of traditional literature and enhances the use of natural, natural language to highlight character portraits Lan Khai not only exploited the strength of the art of dialogue, but also succeeded in describing the inner flow through monologues for the characters to reveal themselves and create lyrical colors for readers to receive the history Those bold innovations show the hinge of Lan Khai's historical novel in the process of inheriting the quintessence of medieval novel and expanding the visual field of Vietnam's modern novel 4.3.3 Through natural description pen Lan Khai's historical novels also attach great importance to depicting nature to depict character traits Nature in Lan Khai's works is both a place of confession and a reflection of the image of a person and transforms into a character who participates in human life Although there are traces in some conventional images, the writer has made great innovations in flexible new language expression 4.4 Artistic time and space 4.4.1 Artistic art 4.4.1.1 Event time Event time creates credibility for the work when the character is recreated This element is flexibly applied by Lan Khai to recreate history according to artistic needs With the event's time, Lan Khai's work has penetrated the past, recreating it with all great changes Lan Khai's novel not only relies on facts, but also makes the event emerge as the focus of the story, eliciting conflicting situations and resolving conflicts 4.4.1.2 Time attaching with action of the character Lan Khai does not advocate building characters that closely coincide with historical prototypes, but he attaches great importance to reviving the spiritual life of the past Therefore, the time associated with a character's action cannot be linear, but may disconnect or reverse the order from the present to the past or time co-present with the present or the present and future Readers have a clearer picture of the story Lan Khai's new innovations break the linear time model of medieval historical novel, contributing to the creation of artistic time The new model is more "flexible" to represent a more complete historical picture, to fill the gaps of the historian 4.4.1.3 Spychological time Time in a literary work is not merely the physical time of the event, but also the time perceived through the psychological states of man In most of Lan Khai's works, psychological time occupies frequency overwhelming compared to real time Lan Khai soon applied the psychological time model in historical novel to free up artistic thinking and bring new art works Thereby, the writer sheds light on the obscure character of the 23 character, explores the character from a personal life perspective and stimulates this body deeper into the reality of life 4.4.2 Artistic space 4.4.2.1 Imperial space Through many works, Lan Khai has recreated history with both the splendor and emptiness of many dynasties In particular, the author not only describes the magnificent, majestic and majestic appearance of the royal and noble place, but also discovered the tragedies, the fate of the royal princes and the war at deep palace and the groans of lifetimes of miserable people after the glory of each dynasty Through the breadth and depth of the imperial space is a historical past with human fates that haunt readers 4.4.2.2 War space Most of Lan Khai's historical novels are hot with the atmosphere of fierce and fierce battles All the echoes of historical echoes of anguish through the fierce and tragic battle space show that the writer has reproduced quite a complete picture of the history Lan Khai's pen showed damages of the war and human mental losses as an unhealthy wound in history 4.4.2.3 Arena and execution ground space The arena space in Lan Khai's work has restored the splendid scenes not mentioned in history to revive readers in extraordinary emotions such as participating in the great march with imagination In a number of other works, the author also reconstructed the field of law, a powerful tool of the king that showed the tyranny and cruelty to the inhuman level of the apparatus, feudal rule Both of these spaces revive the past with both the splendor of the glory and the grim, authoritarian dictatorship of feudalism that has passed through history 4.4.2.4 Pagoda space Pagoda is a symbol of the sacred and lofty place appearing in many works of Lan Khai to further clarify the blur in ancient history pages If in Truong Tuu's work, the temple space, the temple show the Buddhist thought in the spiritual life of the people, through the pen of Lan Khai, that space has become an art space to show the The author's reflection and contemplation on people and life People of the past bathed themselves in that dimension to realize the Buddhist way of life, the impermanence of finite lives and the vicious laws of manic history 4.4.2.5 Mountain and village space The space of the mountains and the village reminds the length and width of the historical picture to show the talent and romance in the soul of artist Lan Khai Those are beautiful and beautiful paintings, but when the invaders come, that peaceful village is momentarily devastated and destroyed The gloomy village space, filled with the pain of mourning, which has been lacking in history, has sharpened the appearance of each page about novel of the past has gone away 4.4.2.6 Bower space 4.4.2.7 The space of imagination 24 The space of imagination shown by the author digging into the character's soul through artistic methods has created the space of imagination That space represents the past person in both depth and breadth in the line of thinking of every living individual, only the writer's pen spits and speaks in literary language (White ball in the fog hat, Spirit Peak, The throne, Enemy of the sun, Love beyond miles ) 4.5 Narrative art 4.5.1 Narrator and narrating view In Lan Khai's historical novels, the narrator is usually in the third person because this is the most free and objective narrator Authors and characters are involved in the narrative activity The move of the point of view into the character creator and the blending of the point of view make the narrative content appear objectively and have a close contact with the life taking place At the same time, Lan Khai's work escapes from historical narrative or event description, because it is a promising land for the author to explore and reap new art works 4.5.2 Language and narrating tone 4.5.2.1 Narrating language Lan Khai recreates the character with a very flexible and flexible language system, sometimes a conventional and symbolic language; sometimes a new, modern language has shocked some contemporary critics Writers are also very limited in using familiar fixed formulas to change their mind, convert and increase the use of popular language Although there are certain limitations in the "modern" expression, the increase in modern language in Lan Khai's works has made an important contribution to the language renewal of Vietnam's modern literature 4.5.2.2 Narrating tone The objective tone is the dominant one used by Lan Khai for slices of history and parts of people engulfed in a fire of fire to be stretched on the surface of true expression The sarcastic voice is also effectively used by the writer because the writer has actively merged into the reality of human life, breaking down the hierarchical barriers and status to "show people" The lyrical tone of love is the voice that permeates many pages of Lan Khai when describing the human condition in the rushing and moving events Lan Khai has promoted the expressive power of philosophical thinking The flexible application of narrative rhythms affirms Lan Khai's practical contributions to the genre innovation journey Sub-summary of chapter Lan Khai's historical novels reach the clarity of modern style; flexible narrative, depicting the nature and activities of the living people, rich in images, capable of conveying thoughts and emotions His sense of artistic innovation has overcome the contemporaries of the pen and overcomes the erosion in depicting characters of traditional literature The diversification of language and tone has made his work unique and new without repeating senior writers, demonstrating Lan Khai's efforts to innovate genres on the process of cultural modernization 25 CONCLUSION Historical novel is a form of literature formed and developed quite a long time in the world and thrived in Vietnam from the early twentieth century to the present This genre has a unique combination of historical elements and artistic novel of the composer Lan Khai is a writer with many achievements in this genre but his works have not been fully studied Comprehensive and systematic enough, even to give a false, superficial opinion about Lan Khai's compositions Through surveying his 28 works, we found that the author was free from the principle of Simulate history and traditional art composition to create a new art style The author shows a keen sense of event selection, flexibility in handling historical material and novelal methods to give history a new vitality On the basis of promoting the quintessence of traditional literature, Lan Khai also assimilated some elements of modern Western literature such as feminist ideology, psychoanalysis, romantic and realistic tendencies, surreal, symbolic, etc in creating polyphony for their novels With innovative achievements in many respects, Lan Khai's historical novels have covered the historical past both in breadth, depth and breadth and brought to life the complex spiritual life of historical figures Historical novels are the brightest artistic achievements in Lan Khai's artistic labor journey and have made important contributions to the process of renewing the national literature in the first half of the 20th century as well as having a certain influence to this genre in contemporary literature Lan Khai left a fairly monumental literary heritage, diverse in genres, rich in content and containing the right artistic conceptions, progressive writers, and literature contributing positively into forming a modern literary theory system The author has succeeded in choosing the plot, characters and many flexible arts methods that both respect historical authenticity and promote imagination and creativity The novelal elements are expanded but not distort the history but give the historical character a stronger vitality, creating a multidimensional reception direction in the reader Lan Khai is one of the pioneering writers who have contributed significantly to the process of genre innovation His literary life and career reflect the unity of the noble purpose of life and the abundant creativity of a patriotic intellectual However, due to the war situation, during a long period of time, his life and career have not been properly researched and evaluated, leaving an unfortunate void in the team of typical writers in the twentieth century and his historical novels have not been studied comprehensively and systematically Our research will meet those critical requirements to help 26 clarify the position of historical literature as well as your positive contributions to the journey of genre innovation Reflecting history, Lan Khai focused on exploiting the most confusing and complicated times of the dynasties, notably the events of power transfer of the Ly Tran, Le - Mac, and Le - Trinh dynasties He was deeply concerned with the subject of internal politics with three outstanding issues: the struggles for throne in the court, the constant civil wars and the fate of people in the "changing the galaxy" Therefore, the world of characters in Lan Khai's work is extremely rich and diverse including many different classes All characters are reverted to the people These characters have both historical traces, legendary and close to contemporary people From a multi-dimensional perspective on history, the author presents a dialectical thinking of man with the synthesis of social relationships, with the confrontation between good and evil, the extraordinary and the ordinary, selfishness and tolerance in each individual person Lan Khai's historical figures escaped the prototypes of traditional literature to become "living characters" and "near practical life" Characters have their own personality and destiny with a complex inner world In particular, Lan Khai focuses on exploiting and expressing the theme of a couple's love to enrich the character with a real life and create attractive and poetic works In addition, he paid attention to the character's internal specification to show the true truth of the human heart and the truths of the human heart, which are lacking in history Since then the writer has "actualized" the spiritual wounds of people after the "aftershocks" of historical movements With profound historical capital and sentimental heart, Lan Khai portrays the depth of thoughts and human desires of the past He explores the character from a private perspective to open up the obscures in human life in order to shorten the "epic distance" and show new discoveries about the nature of social people in history Despite working in the old land, Lan Khai still reaped beautiful golden seasons, and deftly handled historical and novelal elements when recreating the past painting It is also very flexible in creating an artistic spatial and temporal model to persuade the atmosphere and convincing historical appearance When portraying a character, the writer no longer simply describes a dimension of action and psychological features, but always recreates a complex spiritual life The narrator's point of view is also flexible, sometimes an omniscient view, sometimes a mix of views to reveal inner depth and contribute to portraying the character's personality The linguistic system in the work is very diverse and new, overcoming the commonplace of traditional literature and showing the subtle levels of human emotions The rather comprehensive innovation from structure to language and tone has shown Lan Khai's practical contributions to 27 the journey of literary modernization and enrich the theoretical system of historical novel LIST OF WORKS MENTIONED IN THE THESIS Do Thi Nhan (2010), "The hero in the historical novel of Lan Khai", Vietnam Literature Forum, (185), p.12-15 Do Thi Nhan (2014), "New humanitarian thought in Lan Khai's historical novel", Journal of Science, Hanoi National University of Education - Social Science (3), p.4855 Do Thi Nhan (2019), "The woman character in Lan Khai's historical novel", Journal of Science, Hanoi National University of Education - Social Science (64), p 68-75 ... as Lan Khai - Research, theory and literary critic work (2002), Lan Khai - Forest Road Story (2004) written with Nguyen Thanh Truong, Lan Khai, the writer of outstanding realism (2006); Lan Khai. .. articles: "Lan Khai" and "The plum of Lan Khai" has published a lot of information about personal life and writing personality by Lan Khai The author shows a deep understanding of Lan Khai' s people... (1992) (Publishing House of Khanh Hoa) by Ngoc Giao, a pen friend of Lan Khai wrote: "Lan Khai with strange forest road" and "Playing books" (1996) promoted the topic Lan Khai' s creativity and artistic