Cách biểu thị ý phủ định trong tiếng Hán hiện đại: có so sánh với tiếng Việt

m p DAI HOC QUOC GIA HA N O I TRirClNG DAI HOC HOA HOC XA HOI VA NHAN VAN DINK THUY LAN CACH BIEU THI Y PHU DINH TRONG TIENG HAN HIEN DAI (CO s o SANK VOl TIENG VIET) CHUYENNGANH : LY LUAN NGON NGLT MA SO : BOtZOi LUAN VAN THAC SI KHOA HOC NGtT VAN NGUOl HUONG DAN KHOA HOC: PGS.TS DAO THANH LAN DAi HOC OU OC GiA HA NOI TPLING 'U.\-A THGNG TIN THU VIEN I N /V HA NOI - 5/2006 ^}\ Mf3^ ^Mt CfQl Toi xin chdn cam On cdc thdy gido, co gido khoa cung nhu cdc thdy co gido thinh gidng d cdc trudng dqi hoc khdc, a cdc vien nghien cicu da gidng day nhiet tinh, giiip toi co dieu kien tot nhdt co the di sdu tim hieu the gidi ngon ngu vo cung phong phii thdi gian toi hoc cao hoc Dong thdi toi Cling xin gid Idi cam cfn sdu sac tdi Pho gido suTien sT Ddo Thanh Lan, ngudi da true tiep hudng dan toi hodn thdnh hiqn van Trong qud trinh viet liiqn van co da dem toi cho toi su giiip da vo cilng qui bdu, sit chi bdo can ke ciia CO da giiip toi CO dicac ket qud nhu ngdy hom Co da khong qudn met nhgc cong viec day hoc vd cong viec bon be cua khoa, tranh thii th&i gian hudng dan toi tiCng chuang miic ciia luqn van Tdm chdn tinh that ddng trdn trong, no da giiip toi co them dgng h/c vd niem tin de khdm phd tim tdi bien hoc thitc ngdy Mot Ian niia toi xin chdn thdnh cam on ve tat cd Tac gia MS9^ ^XAM ^OcAfU Toi xin cam doan ban luqn van Id cong trinh nghien cicu cua rieng toiy cdc so lieu vd ket qud khdo sat dua luqn van Id hodn todn chink xdcy khong trung v&i bat cit mot cong trinh ndo co tru&c Tac gia MUC LUC LdlCAMON L d l CAM DOAN A PHAN M d DAU B, PHAN NOI DUNG CHl/ONG I: CO Sd L V LUAN \ i CACH BIEU THI I' PHU DINH TRONG TlfiNG HAN HIEN DAI VA TRONG TIENG VIET I Van de phii dinh tieng Han hien dai: 9 Khai niem phu dinh vanhung nh^n thuc ve cau phu dinh: 10 Quan he giua kh^ng dinh va phu dinh 14 Miic do, pham vi va tieu chuan cuaphia dinh 17 IL Van de phu dinh cf tieng Viet 28 Mdi quan he giua logic va ngon ngu 28 Khai niem hanh dong ngon tii 30 Khai niem cau phu dinh vanhung van de lien quan den phii dinh 31 m Mot SO nhan xet ve van de phu dinh tieng Han va tieng Viet 34 rV Dinh hu6ng nghien cuu cua luan van 35 CHUONG II: HIEN TUONG PHU DINH TRONG TIENG HAN HIEN DAI XETV^MATNGLTPHAF 37 I Cach bieu thi y phu dinh thuong ddng tieng Han hien dai: 38 Cach diing til phu dinh ^ bieu thi y phu dinh 40 Cach dung tir phu dinh vS ( ^ ) bieu thi y phu dinh 55 n Su phan cong cua ^ va ^ (W) tieng Han hien dai 65 Hai loai lucmg caban va sir phan cong cua tuphu dinh 65 So sanh tijphu dinh /F va }$ 67 So sanh ^ va ?S voi "khong, chua, chang" tieng Viet 70 CHUONG IH: HIEN TUONG PHU DINH TRONG TIENG HAN HIEN DAI XET VE MAT NGlT NGHIA 73 I Tinh xac dinh ngu nghia cua cau phu dinh tieng Han Tinh xac dinh dac trung ngu nghia ciia tu ngu: 73 75 Tinh xac dinh cua phan ngu nghia ket cau chfnh phu danh tu + danhtir: 77 Tinh xac dinh cua phan ngu nghia ket cau lien dong: 79 II Cach dung cau phan van bieu thi y phu dinh 81 Dinh nghia cau phan van 81 Moi quan he giua cau phan van va cau thiet van 85 Moi quan he giua cau phan van vcri khang dinh vaphu dinh 88 Cac loai hinh cau phan van 89 Cac thiic cau phan van thudng gap 92 m So sanh su bien doi ngu nghia cua cac loai tit tieng Han voi tieng Viet 95 Su bien doi ngu nghia cua dai tij nghi van ket cau phii dinh tieng Han Sir bien doi ngu nghia ciia tu va lien tir ket cau phii dinh 95 100 Sir bien doi nghia cua tinh tir, dong til thuc khing dinh va thuc phii dinh 109 So sanh subien doi ngu nghia cua cac loai tir tieng Han voi tieng Viet 112 CHUONG IV HIEN TUONG PHU DINH TRONG TIENG HAN HlfiN DAI XET \ t MAT NGlTDUNG 114 L Phan loai tiJ i t ^ 114 Dung a dau cau, lam ngu doc lap Sau I t ^ thuong ket hop voi tu ngu "Pf" 115 Dung ding truoc danh tir 116 Sau j t ^ la Idi din raciia ngudi 118 Ket cau "W + if^ + tinh tu + (W)" 119 Dung ket hop voi ^ 122 Them vao giua dong tir va tan ngu 123 Diing sau dong tir: 126 n Nguon goc lich sir cua each dung jf ^ 129 Loai thu nhat tii j t ^ a vi tri dau cau, thuc te la mot loai lucfc bo doi thoai 130 Loai thir2 tiJ jf-^ dat truac danh ti^ 131 Loai thu sau tir jf ^ din loi nguoi khac 132 Loai thu ban than no chinh la thuc cau hoi van, nhu da trinh bay a tren 132 Loai thu la thuc cau "i^^lf^ " rut gon di 132 Loai thu co quan he vai thuc cau hoi van kha ro rang 134 Loai thu chuyen dich quy dao cang ro hon ve cau hoi van 134 Loai thu" gan giong v6i loai thu ni So sanh each diing lit W^A voi tir "gi" tieng Viet 135 135 y nghia va CO che boat dong ciia til "gi" 135 Kha nang ket hop cua tu "gl" 142 CHUONG V: KHAO SAT u d l CUA NGUdi HOC VE CACH BIEU THI t PHU DINH TRONG T i f NG HAN HIEN DAI I L6i diing ^ muon phu dinh dong tac dang tien hanh: 148 148 n L6i diing ^ muon phii dinh dong tac da thuc hien hoac o qua khii: 149 ITT L6i diing ^ sai vi tri cau: 151 rV L6i diing 153 ?S muon phu dinh ban than dong tac V L6i diing \^ muon phii dinh y muon chu quan 154 VI L6i khong nam vting moi quan he ve nghia cua thiic cau phan van 156 Vn L6i khong n^m ch^c nhiing nhan to lien quan ciia cau phan van 158 C KET LUAN 162 TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 166 JiaLcJlQt i Hoang Thinh Chuong - 1954 - "Thdi quen dirng phii dmh va tir phii dmh logic y nghia" - Ngir van hgc tap - Ki [7] ^mm - 1982 ¥ - ii^mPrX)) - ^i^fit^iiJiStt Chu Dire Hy - 1982 - "Giang nghia ngtr phap" - NXB Day hgc Hoa ngtr 1997^ ((^|p-]|gWi^Xlni§ffl#-^;))-i§^^^-^2S)3 1997 - "Dac dilm ngu nghia va ngii dung cua - u ^ n ; ^ ' ; ^ f 166 04^ VcAQl - i s f t t a i s a V u c g L„c - 1983 - "Ng phap hie„ d,i T„„g Q„4, _ ^ ^ B G.ao d,c Thugng Hai mmmxmxL-in5^- itmMm^^Mmi,^mmr^m))-x x%^ymA-w.Am Quach Chieu Muc Udng Khdn Ngge - 1985 - "Ket cau loai hinh va un dung cua phu dinh kep thuong gap" - Tu lieu phuc m Dai hgc Nhan d l KU [10]m^x ~ 1982¥ - ((i^ "^"^m^)) -^-^xm^^u-m^m Hinh Phiic Nghia - 1982 - "Luan vl chii ^ dgc thuyet" - Hgc bao Hgc vien Su pham Hoa Trung - Ki [ii]^tĐi(-i982Ơ- i-^^wm-x^"^\i-R-\t,m -mwx^^m-n Ngd Khiet Man - 1982 - "Thir phan tich tir phii dinh ^ va f±" - Hgc bao Dai hgc Hang Chau - Ki [i2]^i?f-i99i¥- i%mx\^W{k)) -MM\^^m^\xm± Phong Ngge Thanh - 1991 - "Ngii phap Han ngii thuc dung" - NXB Hoc vien ngdn ngtr Bac Kinh [i3]gpii?f-i989¥- -iĐx^>i-m4fii^ 1985 - "Nghi van, phii dinh, khing dinh" - Ngii van hgc tap - Ki [17] (Jlfti-t^Xi^i^*)) - 1983 'X - ^ ^ e p i ^ i t "Tir diln Han ngtr hien dai" - 1983 - NXB M thu thuong vu [18] (ilJ-^tXif J t i ^ i ^ * ) ) - 1999 X-~ XCSX.X^^mt "Tir diln hu tir Han ngti hien dai" - 1999 - NXB Dai hgc Bic kinh [19] imViXX^ 800 W\W\%)) - 1996 X- - iS]^E^Pl?in "Tir diln 800 tir Han ngtr hien dai" - 1996 - NXB An thu thuong vu [20] mmn%)) -1989 ¥ - xumx^^mt 'Tir diln Tir hai" - 1989 - NXB Tir thu Thugng Hai 16? TAI LIEU TRICH DAN I fUn tieng Viet: [l]'^Mua gid ndng" - Mai Ngu" - NXB QDND 86 [2]"Mua la rung vudn" - Ma Van Khang - NXB PN 86 [3] "15 truyen ngfm chgn Igc" - Nguyen Quang Than - NXB VH 94 [4] "Mot cap vg chdng" ~ Nguyen Khai - NXB ire TP HCM [5] "Thdi xa vang" - Le Luu - NXB HN [6] "Tuyen tap truyen ngdn trudc 1945" - To Hoai - NXB VH 94 [7]"Tuyen tap" - Tap II - Nguyen Dinli Thi - NXB VH 97 [8] "Truyen ngfin chgn Igc" - NXB HN 94 [9]"Vannglie quan dgi" Jl Phan tieng Hdn: [10] ab?F^P)> "BacTeihu" [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] V^0M —9-"ffl "Gao thet" - LO Tan itlX^'iy)) "Hong lau mgng^' imti^^^)) - ^ ' # -Tudng Tir lac da" - Lao Xa iBtW) - " ^ ' ^ "Mat trdi mgc"-Tao Ngu ab3KA)) -'^'/I'J'j "Ngudi Bac Kinh-* ^ Tao Ngu i§i^^^[XJ) "Nho lam ngoai sir" Vpll^Xl^lM} "Tuyen tap Bang Tam" TAI LIEU TRICH DAN Ifhk tieng Viet: "Miia gid ndng" - Mai Ngu" - NXB QDND 86 "Mua la rung vudn" - Ma Van Khang - NXB PN 86 "15 truyen ngiln chgn Igc" - Nguyen Quang Than - NXB VH 94 "Mot cap vg chdng" - Nguyen Khai - NXB tre TP HCM "Thdi xa vdng" - Le Luu - NXB HN "Tuyen tap truyen ngdn trudc 1945" - To Hoai - NXB VH 94 "Tuyen tap" - Tap II - Nguyen Dinh Thi - NXB VH 97 'Truyen ngdn chgn Igc" - NXB HN 94 "Van nghe quan dgi" II Phan tieng Hdn: [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] t i b ^ l ^ ) ) '^BdcTethu" i^0M - # f f l "Gao thet" - Ld Tan ((^It^^)) "Hdng lau mong" imtWi')) -^i^ "Tudng Tir lac da" - Lao Xa ((I3i'-h» - W ^ "Mat trdi mgc" - Tao Ngu iitMX)) -W'^i "Ngudi Bdc Kinh" - Tao Ngu ( ( i f # ^ h i ) ) "Nho lam ngoai su" ((?;JOC.^/Jn;iffi)> "Tuyen tap Bang Tam" 169 PHU LUC Phieu dieu tra Jen toi la: Dinh Thuy Lan Gido vien khoa Trung tiiiwig Dgi hoc ngoai ngil Qudn su De phuc vu cho de tdi ludn vdn thgc sT "Cdch Ineu tlii v pltu dmli rnm;^ lieng Hcin hien dgi" (co so sdnh vdi tieng Viet), toi union tieii lidnli kliao MII each dung tie phu dinh X^ vd '/jc, cdch diing cdii phdn van de l)ieii thi v /}/;// (///;/; Toi hy vgng cdc ban se nhiet tinh giiip dd tdi Toi xin chdn tlidnli cdiii on A Chon til' X^ hoac VK dien vao chd irdna: (1) Wy^ ^'XX (2) if ffl n (3)f^ i\h.X.tXXX:X^ c "ikXio nl^lSnjg (4) RiJ:^-a iPTJiiM- iit^i)i|iWffl ii (5)mhmy^^^ix, ix (6)1^11^ ^x^xx'^ rigailiffl^? B Chon X hoac )X diln vno chd thich hoii: (7)S: (8)8; (9) )^^\X\^-']ix iXX-XlX XtXXXXX m\xn'XXi^ ffia^"N;ii i^^i'f^' ^^'^^i^^^' C Chon til' ^ hoac Xi diln vao chd trdjlgl (10) a ^;iiJiiyi5j.^i£iwL xtxxmxx'^ (i2){^ mixx^:^^ ixxnim^ l.il::^': 70 'm vJlQl Q'SCdia S3 (14) ± s i a ^ , ^xxxxxmxxxxxn)^, xi x-x^ K pj]hon dap an diing: (l5)gT: ffif&^4^Mjg?^!K^ i'iU:[^^! B i^^itE^v^io D A, B c ^!;t;u (l6)X:ffiS, ^J^Hi^igIl[;i^^O^H, i^;iitO^A^^mL^! |p]: YQ^Jlii-^;e:J^>? B miXXl^Xi^v^XiXh^].^ D {^:w;f^JnMvi:J^ (17)^: iic^iffi, XiXX%%A-X.XXX W,: '^XA'XXX\ B.JM^^iO'jo Dilk^^^illill^Ul^: (18) X: ft^#, $i>!iiiiLI^JlBi|JL^t[Hrf:^rO:LU^.^ Y:iX|ig7it? ^ : Yi^a^Mh^:ftB? K.X67^X.XJf-^ c^xxxxxx-^ 71 iQhM- VdlQl 376dm S3 (14) ±Mffl^, ^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^ ^^^^ ^ ^ n^Chon dap an diing: (i5)S^-f: ^x^mimxm- -)X)Xix 3t^: Xt'XXXXXiX^XX^ \"\: XXiXiXXM.}X-i ^•X