Part one: SEMANTICS 1. Identify the relationship (hyponymy, homography, homophony, (true) homonymy, synonymy, binary antonymy, gradable antonymy, relational antonymy, polysemy) between the following pairs of italicized words. The words given in brackets are to clarify the meaning in question of the italicized words. Example: colour — blue: hyponymya) pass — fail: ______________b) love — hate: ______________c) sight — vision: ______________d) clothes —jeans: ______________e) sight — site: ______________f) employer — employee: ______________g) sight (the ability to see) — sight (a thing one can see)._____________ h) desert (as in the Sahara desert) — desert (abandon): _____________2. Identify the presupposition(s) of the following utterances:a) You can try asking Martin for help.b) ‘I regret drinking so much last night.3. Write down one implicature that can be drawn from the second speakers response in each of these two dialogues.a) A: Did the band play for two hours? B: ‘ I left in the middle of the performance.b) A: The library is open on Saturday, isnt it? B: Lets find out.4. Which of me sentences is lexically ambiguous? Which is structurally ambiguous? Provide two sentences that paraphrase the two meanings of each ambiguous sentence.a) They are cooking bananas.b) They didnt recognize the newPrime Minister.5. Identify the types of figurative language used in each of the following sentences and then interpret meaning.a) I know hes your brother, but you shouldnt let your personal feelings cloud your judgment.b) The president claimed that his administration contained the best brains in the country.6. Provide two situations so that the following utterance performs two different acts. Interpret the utterances and identify the acts performed in the light of the situations you provide. (1 m)The gun is loaded.Part two: WRITING (4 marks)Write an essay of 250300 words on one of the following topics.1. Some positive ornegative effects of computers on students life and education.2. Some important factors for success in school or at work.Ghi chú: Cán bộ coi thi không giải thích gì thêmĐáp án đề 1.Part one: SEMANTICS (6 marks)1. Relationships (1m)a) pass — fail : binary antonymy not pass = fail, not fail = passb) love — hate : gradable antonymy love — like — dislike — hatec) sight — vision: synonymyd) clothes—jeans: hyponymye) sight — site: homophony (or homonymy)f) employer — employes: relational antonymy If… then ...g) sight(the abiiity to see) — sight(a thing one can see): polysemy h) desert (in the Sahara Desert) —desert (abandon): homographyNote : see page 26 for more2. Presuppositions (1 m) ( Note : identify the presupposition triggers )a) You can try asking Martin for help. Both the speaker and the listener know who Martin, and the speaker thinks that Martin can help the listener.b) I regret drinking so much last night? The speaker drank a lot the night before.Note : see pages 26 34 for more3. Conversational implicatures (1 m): a) B did not know. b) B does net know. Note : see pages 34 – 35 for more4. Ambiguity (1m) .a) They are cooking banana” is structurally ambiguous: it may means The bananas ARE BEING COOKED. or They ARE bananas used for cookingb) They didnt recognize the new Prime Minister is lexically ambiguous: it may means They didnt know who he was. or They didnt accept him as the Prime Minister.5. Figurative language (1 m)a) Shouldnt let your personal feelings cloud your judgment is a metaphor which means confuse things; consequently, you cant judge the situation properly.b) The best brains, which is part, is a synecdoche which means brilliant intellectual people, which is whole.Note : see pages 40 49 for more6. Speech acts (1 m):Answers can vary. The gun is loaded.SITUATION 1: A: ‘ Becareful The gun is loaded. ( = Stay away from the gun.’ )B: Thanks for your timely warning.A indirectly asks B to stay away from the gun. (Note: a warning) This is a directive:SITUATION 2:Robber: Raise your hands The gun is loaded.(= I’ll kill you.)Passerby: OK OKThe robber indirectly threatens to kill or injure the passerby. ( Note : a threat ) This is a commissive.Note : see pages 36 39 Part two: WRITING (4 marks)• Organization (1m): Clear outline as follows:1. Introduction: Thesis statement2. Body: Developmental paragraphs: topic sentence, transition, coherent supporting ideas3. Conclusion• Contents (1 m): informative, abundant, clear• Vocabulary (1m): precise• Grammar (1 m): right sentence patterns, no grammar mistakes.
NATIONAL UNIVERSITY - HCM CITY UNIVERSITY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LINGUISTICS AND LITERATURE Đề Examination in LINGUISTICS Duration: 150 minutes Part one: SEMANTICS Identify the relationship (hyponymy, homography, homophony, (true) homonymy, synonymy, binary antonymy, gradable antonymy, relational antonymy, polysemy) between the following pairs of italicized words The words given in brackets are to clarify the meaning in question of the italicized words Example: colour — blue: hyponymy a) pass — fail: b) love — hate: c) sight — vision: d) clothes —jeans: e) sight — site: f) employer — employee: g) sight (the ability to see) — sight (a thing one can see) h) desert (as in the Sahara desert) — desert (abandon): _ _ Identify the presupposition(s) of the following utterances: a) 'You can try asking Martin for help.' b) ‘I regret drinking so much last night.' Write down one implicature that can be drawn from the second speaker's response in each of these two dialogues a) A: ' Did the band play for two hours?' B: ‘ I left in the middle of the performance.' b) A: ' The library is open on Saturday, isn't it?' B: ' Let's find out.' Which of me sentences is lexically ambiguous? Which is structurally ambiguous? Provide two sentences that paraphrase the two meanings of each ambiguous sentence a) They are cooking bananas b) They didn't recognize the newPrime Minister Identify the types of figurative language used in each of the following sentences and then interpret meaning a) I know he's your brother, but you shouldn't let your personal feelings cloud your judgment b) The president claimed that his administration contained the best brains in the country Provide two situations so that the following utterance performs two different acts Interpret the utterances and identify the acts performed in the light of the situations you provide (1 m) 'The gun is loaded.' Part two: WRITING (4 marks) Write an essay of 250-300 words on one of the following topics Some positive or/negative effects of computers on students' life and education Some important factors for success in school or at work Ghi chú: Cán coi thi khơng giải thích thêm Đáp án đề Part one: SEMANTICS (6 marks) Relationships (1m) a) pass — fail : binary antonymy [not pass = fail, not fail = pass] b) love — hate : gradable antonymy [love — like — dislike — hate] c) sight — vision : synonymy d) clothes—jeans : hyponymy e) sight — site : homophony (or homonymy) f) employer — employes : relational antonymy [If… then ] g) sight(the abiiity to see) — sight'(a thing one can see) : polysemy h) desert (in the Sahara Desert) —desert (abandon) : homography Note : see page 26 for more Presuppositions (1 m) ( Note : identify the presupposition triggers ) a) You can try asking Martin for help Both the speaker and the listener know who Martin, and the speaker thinks that Martin can help the listener b) I regret drinking so much last night? The speaker drank a lot the night before Note : see pages 26 -34 for more Conversational implicatures (1 m): a) B did not know b) B does net know Note : see pages 34 – 35 for more Ambiguity (1m) a) " They are cooking banana” is structurally ambiguous: it may means "The bananas ARE BEING COOKED." or 'They ARE bananas used for cooking" b) " They didn't recognize the new Prime Minister" is lexically ambiguous: it may means "They didn't know who he was." or "They didn't accept him as the Prime Minister." Figurative language (1 m) a) "Shouldn't let your personal feelings cloud your judgment" is a metaphor which means "confuse things; consequently, you can't judge the situation properly." b) "The best brains", which is [-part], is a synecdoche which means "brilliant intellectual people", which is [ whole] Note : see pages 40 - 49 for more Speech acts (1 m):Answers can vary 'The gun is loaded.' SITUATION 1: A: ‘ Becareful! The gun is loaded.' ( = ' Stay away from the gun.’ ) B: ' Thanks for your timely warning.' A indirectly asks B to stay away from the gun (Note: a warning) This is a directive: SITUATION 2: Robber: 'Raise your hands! The gun is loaded.'(= I’ll kill you.') Passer-by: 'OK! OK!' The robber indirectly threatens to kill or injure the passer-by ( Note : a threat ) This is a commissive Note : see pages 36 - 39 Part two: WRITING (4 marks) • Organization (1m): Clear outline as follows: Introduction: Thesis statement Body: Developmental paragraphs: topic sentence, transition, coherent supporting ideas Conclusion • Contents (1 m): informative, abundant, clear • Vocabulary (1m): precise • Grammar (1 m): right sentence patterns, no grammar mistakes NATIONAL UNIVERSITY - HCM CITY UNIVERSITY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LINGUISTICS AND LITERATURE Đề Examination in LINGUISTICS Duration: 150 minutes Part one: SEMANTICS What is a paraphrase? Give a paraphrase to each of the two following sentences and explain the way you apply to paraphrase it a The text is too difficult for us to translate without a dictionary b Someone will have to be found to take her place Distinguish semantic meaning from pragmatic meaning Give one example to illustrate your presentation Identify the presuppositions in the following sentences a Can you stop coming home after midnight? b I am afraid that I can't answer your question right now c What were they doing when the earthquake occurred? d She was not aware that ft would hurt her so much Interpret the two following sentences and identify the figure(s) of speech employed a Don't you know that walls have ears? b She has no time even to sleep! Write down one impiicature that can be drawn from the second speaker's response in each of the two following dialogues Dialogue 1: Kevin: "Congratulations I heard you've been accepted for the fall semester.'' Gina: ''Who told you that? My mailbox is still empty." Dialogue 2: Mary: "George sent me a 9reGt postcard from the beach.” Jane: "I thought he'd decided to study during the break” Provide two situations so that the following utterance performs two different acts Interpret the utterances and identify the acts performed in the light of the situations you provide “Who will pay for such a loss?" Part two: WRITING Write an essay of 250-300 words on one of the following topics: Being good at English is not enough to look for a ^ell-paid job in Ho Chi Minh City nowadays Communicating in a foreign, language can create some embarrassing misunderstandings Dictionaries and learning materials are not allowed GOOD LUCK! Đáp án đề Part one: SEMANTICS ( 60/100 điểm điểm thang 10) Câu hỏi lý thuyết (10 điểm) Definition (5 điểm) "When asked what a sentence means, people usually provide another sentence that has virtually the same meaning, a paraphrase." [Peccei, 1999:3] Hoặc "A sentence which expresses the same proposition as another sentence is a paraphrase of that sentence." [Hurford & Heasley, 1981: 101 ] Hoặc "Sentences are paraphrases if they have the same meaning (except possibly for minor differences in emphases)." [Fromkin & Rodman, 1993: 132 a (2.5 điểm) The text is not easy enough for us to translate without a dictionary (The suggested paraphrase results from changing individual words.) Hoặc It is too difficult for us to translate the text without a dictionary (The suggested paraphrase results from changing sentence structure.) b (2.5 điểm) We will have to find someone to take her place (The suggested paraphrase results from changing sentence structure.) Câu hỏi lý thuyết (10 điểm) Definition (5 điểm): Semantic meaning is context-free whereas pragmatic meaning is context-dependent Example (5 điểm không thiết phải giống đáp án): A: "Would you like a piece of cake?" B: "I'm on a diet." (2 điểm) The sematic meaning of "I'm on a diet" is "I want to lose weight by eating the food which is not rich in fat, sugar, etc." (2 điểm) The pragmatic meaning of "I'm on a diet" is "I'm afraid that I have to refuse your invitation." Presuppositions (10 điểm, 2.5 điểm cho can) a “Can you stop coming home after midnight?” b “ I’m afraid that I can't answer your question right now c ‘What were they doing when the earthquake occurred?” d “ She was not aware that it would hurt her so much.” You {often} come home after midnight You'’ve asked me a question The earthquake occurred It hurt her very much Figures of speech (10 điểm) a The First way: "WaiSs" is [-animate] and/or [-human] while "have ears" is [-animate] and/or [-human] Therefore, "walls have ears'5 is an expression of personification (2.5 điểm) which implies that "walls are able to listen to what you say and then release your secret." (2.5 điểm) The second way: "Walls have ears" is a metaphor (2.5 điểm) which means "walls are able to iisten to what you say and then release your secret." (2.5 điểm) b Tne sentence is an overstatement/an expression of hyperbole (2 điểm) which means "she fails to get enough sleep." (2 điểm) Implicatures (10 điểm) Dialogue 1: Gina implies that Kevin Is mistaken (5 điểm) Dialogue 2: Jane didn't think that George went to the beach during the break (5 điểm) Speech acts (10 điểm, điểm cho tình huống) (Answers to this part of the test vary depending on the situations provided by the student.) SITUATION 1: SITUATION 2: A: “Who wiii pay for such a loss? “ B: “I will “ A directly asks B for a piece of mforn-iatron This is A ROGATIVE A: “ We have to it despite any loss.' B: “ Who wili pay for such a loss?' (= 'I'm afraid that I can hardly agree with you.') B indirectly rejects A's suggestion This is AN EXPRESSIVE NATIONAL UNIVERSITY - HCM CITY UNIVERSITY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LINGUISTICS AND LITERATURE Đề Full name: Examination in LINGUISTICS Duration: 150 minutes Part one: SEMANTICS 1a Distinguish ANALYTIC SENTENCE from CONTRADICTORY SENTENCE? Give example to illustrate each 1b Explain why the following sentences are said to be semantically anomalous a What are your intentional plans for the summer holidays b He stormed out of the room, slamming the door silently behind him What is the relationship between the words in the following pairs If the words are antonyms, specify what kind of antonyms they are The italic words in brackets are to clarify the meaning of the given words The first one is done as example true - false: binary antonymy flower — tulip: _ sole (bottom part of foot) — sole (edible flat fish that lives in sea): wind (as in The-wind is blowing hard) — wind(as in wind one's watch): conceal - hide: _ cook — boil _ sole (bottom part of foot) — soIe (bottom part of shoe or sock that covers sole of foot) _ our — hour: teacher —pupil: 10 rich —poor: 11 conceal — reveal: Identify the presupposition of each of the following sentences: (3)a Why were you absent last time? (3)b If only hadn't turned down his offer (3)c Victor regrets that he broke your window (3)d The pregnant teacher has gone on holiday Write down one implicature that can be drawn from the second speaker's response in each of the four following dialogues: (4)a Jack: We're going to the movies Sally: I've got an exam tomorrow (4)b David: Who was that man you were talking to? Jane: That was my mother's husband (4)c Ed: I really like that dinner Linda: I'm a vegetarian (4)d John: Do you love me? Bern: I'm quite fond of you Interpret the meaning of each of the following sentences and then identify the kind of figurative language used in it (5)a Why don't you recognize the power of her purse? (5)b Never in a million years will he admit defeat Give two situations in which the following utterance may occur, interpret the utterance and then classify it according to various kinds of speech acts "Why don't you change job?" Part two: WRITING (4 marks) Write an essay of 250-300 words on one of the following topics What is your view on today's advertisement Is it easy for you to look for a well-paid job in Ho Chi Minh City? Why or why noti Dictionaries and learnmg materials are not allowed GOOD LUCK! Đáp án đề Part one: SEMANTICS (6 marks) 1a ANALYTIC SENTENCE vs CONTRADICTORY SENTENCE (1 m) An analytic sentence is one that is necessarily TRUE, as a result of the senses of the words in it: "All elephants are animals." A contradictory sentence ss one that is necessarily FALSE, as a result of the senses of the words in it: "This animal is a vegetable." 1b SEMANTIC ANOMALY (1 m) a What are your intentional plans for the summer holidays? One of the semantic features of me noun "plan" is [-intentional]; therefore, it is unusual for the adjective " ‘intentional’ to modify the very noun b He storied out of 'the room, slamming the door silently behind him ' Slam" means ”shut (sth) forcefully and loudl” therefore,the verb is not compatibly modified by the adverb ''silently' Relationship between the words (1 m) true — false: binary antonymy [ not true = false not false = true ] flower — tulip: hyponymy [rose — tulip: incompatibility ] sole {bottom part of foot) — sole (edible f!at fish that lives in sea): (true) : homonymy “wind” ( as in the wind is blowing hard) — wind ( as in wind one's watch): homographv conceal - hide: synonymy cook — boil: hyponymy [fry—boil incompatibility] sole (bottom part of foot) — sole (bottom pan of shoe or sock that covers sole of foot): polysemy our — hour: homophony (or homonymy) teacher – pupil: relational antonymy [if , then ] 10 rich —poor gradabie antonymy [rich—wealthy—meager—poor} 11 conceal — reveal: binary antonvmy [not conceal = reveal not reveal =conceal } Presuppositions (1m) (3)a Why were you absent last time? (3)a You were absent last time/the time before (3)b I wish I hadn't turned down his offer (3 )b I turned down his off er (3)c Victor regrets that he broke your window (3 )c Victor broke your window (3 )d The pregnant teacher has gone on holiday (3)d The teacher is pregnant Implicatures (1 m) (4)a Sally is not going to the movies (4)b Jane's mother's husband is not her father (4)c Linda does not really like that dinner (4)d Both does not love John Figures of speech (l m) (a) "Purse", which is [+container], stands for "money", which is [+what is kept] This is a metonymy The whole sentence means "you should recognize the power that is accompanied by her money." (b) "Never in a million years" is an overstatement The whole sentence means "he will never admit defeat" Speech acts (1 m) (Answers to this part of the test vary depending on the situations provided by the student.) “ Why don’t you change job?” SITUATION 1: A: '” Why don't you change job?” B: ” Because my current job is well-paid.” A directly asks B for a piece of information This is a rogative SITUATION 2: A:” My boss is too demanding.'” B: “ Why don't you change job?” (= “You should change job.”) B indirectly gives a piece of advice This is a directive NATIONAL UNIVERSITY - HCM CITY UNIVERSITY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LINGUISTICS AND LITERATURE Đề 1a Examination in LINGUISTICS Duration: 150 minutes PART ONE: SEMANTICS What is polysemy? Give one example to illustrate your presentation Distinguish an utterance from a sentence? Give two examples to illustrate each Identify the presupposition(s) in the following sentences: (a) The CD you gave me is quite interesting (b) I regret missing the last lecture (c) Can you stop coming home after midnight ? (d) It's odd how tricky the final exam is Interpret the following sentences and identify the figure(s) of speech employed (a) Never in a million years will he admit defeat (b) Why don't you recognize the power of her purse? For each of the following utterances, provide two situations so that one utterance performs two different acts Interpret the utterances and identify the acts performed in the light of the situations you provide (a) “ Who will pay for such a loss?” (b) “ The gun is loaded.f PART TWO: WRITING Write a short essay of about 250-300 words on either topic What you think of the over-population in Vietnam nowadays? Is it easy for you to look for a well-paid job in Ho Chi Minh City? Why or why not? Ghi chú: Cán coi thi khơng giải thích thêm ĐÁP ÁN Đề 1a Polysemy: (1 point) POLYSEMY is a sense relation in which A SINGLE WORD has two or more slightly different but closely related meanings For example, the noun chip can have the three following meanings: (1) a small piece of some hard substance which has been broken off from something larger: a chip of wood/glass (2) a small cut piece of potato which is fried for eating: Can I try one of your chips? (3) a small but vital piece of a computer: This computer has got a faster chip than the old one These three meanings are closely related because they all contain the semantic feature [+small piece] Utterances vs sentences: (1 point) AN UTTERANCE is the use by a PARTICULAR speaker, on a PARTICULAR occasion, for a PARTICULAR purpose, of a piece of language, such as a sequence of sentences, or a single phrase, or even a single word A SENTENCE is a string of words put together by the grammatical rules of a language Such an IDEAL string of words exists behind various realizations in utterances and inscriptions Eg Jane: Coffee? Steve: Sure/ Jane: White? Steve: Black (four one-word utterances) 'Would you like some coffee?' Tm sure to love it.' 'Would you like (black coffee or) white coffee2' 'I'd like black coffee, please.' (four complete sentences) Presuppositions: (1 point, 0.25/each) (a) “The CD you gave me is quite interesting” presupposes (b) “ I regret missing the last lecture” presupposes (c) “ Can you stop coming home after midnight?” presupposes (d) “ It's odd how tricky the final exam is” presupposes “ you gave me a CD.” “ I missed the last lecture.” “ you often come home after midnight.” “ The final exam is tricky.” Figures of speech: (1 point, 0.50/each) (a) “Never in a million years “ is an overstatement/ a hyperbole The whole sentence means “ he will never admit defeat “ (b) “ The power of her purse'“ is a metonymy which means “the power of her money“ The whole sentence means “you should recognize the power that is accompanied by her money” Speech acts: (2 points, 0.50/each) (Answers to this part of the test vary depending on the situations provided by the student ) (a) “ Who will pay for such a loss?” SITUATION 1: A: “Who will pay for such a loss?” B: I will A directly asks B for a definite piece of information This is A ROGATIVE/ A DIRECTIVE SITUATION 2: A: We have to it despite any loss B: Who will pay for such a loss? B indirectly rejects A's suggestion This is AN EXPRESSIVE (b) “The gun is loaded.” SITUATION 1: A: Be careful! The gun is loaded B: Thanks for your timely warning.A directly informs B of the fact that the gun is loaded This is A REPRESENTATIVE SITUATION 2: Robber: Raise your hands! The gun is haded Passer-by: OK! OK! By stating the fact that the gun is loaded, the robber indirectly threatens to kill or injure the passer-by if the latter does not raise his/her hands This is A COMMISSIVE NATIONAL UNIVERSITY - HCM CITY UNIVERSITY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LINGUISTICS AND LITERATURE Đề 2a Examination in LINGUISTICS Duration: 150 minutes PART ONE: SEMANTICS What is anomaly? To illustrate your presentation, give a semantically anomalous sentence and explain why it is semantically anomalous Distinguish an explicit performative from an implicit performative? Give one example to illustrate each Identify the presupposition(s) in the following sentences: (a) My wife pretended to be pleased with my answer (b) When will you move to the new apartment2 (c) He didn't manage to support himself (d) I'm going to buy some milk for the little child Interpret the following sentences and identify the figure(s) of speech employed (a) I don't know much about the childhood of the world (b) Take the bad with the good For each of the following utterances, provide two situations so that one utterance performs two different acts Interpret the utterances and identify the acts performed in the light of the situations you provide (a) “It's cold in here.” (b) “Why don't you study French?” PART TWO: WRITING Write a short essay of about 250-300 words on either topic 1.What you think of the unemployment in Vietnam nowadays? Is it easy for you to learn English as a foreign language? Why or why not? Ghi chú: Cán coi thi khơng giải thích thêm Đáp án đề 2a Anomaly: (1 point) ANOMALY is a violation of semantic rules to create 'nonsense' For example, 'That bachelor is pregnant* is semanticallv anomalous because the meaning of bachelor includes the semantic feature [+male] whereas pregnant is [+female] Explicit performatives vs implicit performatives: (1 point) EXPLICIT PERFORMATIVES are those that contain a performative verb while IMPLICIT PERFORMATIVES are those that not contain a performative verb For example, 'I hereby WARN you that you will fail* is an explicit performative while 'If you not try your best, you'll fail in the exam' is an implicit performative Presuppositions: (1 point, 0.25/each) (a) “My wife pretended to be pleased with my answer” presupposes “ my wife was not pleased with my answer.” (b) “ On the occasion of my friend's birthday, I intend to buy her a new vase' presupposes “ I have a friend “, and “ soon comes her birthday.” (c) “He didn't manage to support himself “ presupposes “ he tried to support himself.” (d) “ I’m going to buy some milk for the little child presupposes “ the little child drinks milk” Figures of speech: (1 point, 0.50/each) (a) The childhood of the world' is a dead metaphor / an expression of personi fication meaning 'the period of time during which the world was formed' (b) The sentence consists of two metonymies: 'the bad' substitutes for 'the negative aspects of life" and 'the good' substitutes for 'the positive ones' The whole sentence means you should learn to accept both the negative aspects and the positive aspects of life' Speech octs: (2 points, 0.5/each) (Answers to this port of the test vary depending on the situations provided by the student.) (a) “ It's cold in here.” SITUATION 1: A: “ It's cold in here.” B: “ I'll shut the windows.” A indirectly asks/ requests B to something to warm the room they are in OD This is A DIRECTIVE SITUATION 2: A: “ I don't think I stay in It's cold in here.” B: “All right Let's go out for some exercise.” A directly gives the reason why / explains why he / she doesn't like to stay in This is a REPRESENTATIVE (b) “ Why don’t you study French?” SITUATION 1: A: “ Why don't you study French?” B: “ That's what I thought, too “ A indirectly advises B to take a course in French This is A DIRECTIVE SITUATION 2: A: “Why don't you study French? ” B : “ Because I don't have time for it right now ” A directly asks for the reason why B refuses to take a course iniis is A DIRECTIVE/ A ROGATIVE NATIONAL UNIVERSITY - HCM CITY UNIVERSITY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LINGUISTICS AND LITERATURE Đề 3a Examination in LINGUISTICS Duration: 150 minutes PART ONE: SEMANTICS What is entailment? Give one example to illustrate your presentation Distinguish locution from illocution? Give one example to illustrate your presentation Identify the presuppositions) in the following sentences: (a) He pretended to be pleased with the gift (b) When will she graduate from high school? (c) They didn't manage to hand in their paper on time (d) I wish I hadn't turned down his proposal Interpret the following sentences and identify the flgure(s) of speech employed (a) One more old Forsyte went to his long rest wonderfully how he had held on (b) The skinhead have constituted a social problem in the west For each of the following utterances, provide two situations so that one utterance performs two different acts Interpret the utterances and identify the acts performed in the light of the situations you provide (a) “W/iat a nice hat you're wearing!.” (b) “Look before you leap.” PART TWO: WRITING Write a short essay of about 250-300 words on either topic What you think of the overpopulation in Vietnam nowadays? 7s there a generation gap in your family? Ghi chú: Cán coi thi khơng giải thích thêm Đáp án đề 3a Entailment: (l point) ENTAILMENT is a relationship that applies between two sentences, where the truth of one implies the truth of the other because of the meanings of the words involved There are two types of entailment: ONE-WAY ENTAILMENT: (j) 'Alfred saw a bear' asymmetrically entails 'Alfred saw an animal' If Alfred saw a bear then he necessarily saw an animal; but if Alfred saw an animal he could have seen a bear but not necessarily.It could be a big bad wolf,for example TWO-WAY ENTAILMENT: 'Paul borrowed a car from Sue' symmetrically entails 'Sue lent a car to Paul' The entailments between this pair of sentences are mutual since the truth of either sentence guarantees the truth of the other Locution vs iIIocution: (l point) LOCUTION is the actual form of words used by the speaker and their semantic meaning ILLOCUTION is what the speaker is doing by uttering those words: commanding, offering, promising, threatening, thanking, etc Take the utterance 'I am thirsty' as an example: Sam: I am thirsty Annie: I'll bring you a glass of water The LOCUTION of 'I am thirsty' is 'my body does not obtain enough water' The ILLOCUTION of 'I am thirsty' is Sam requests Annie to give him something to drink Presuppositions: (1 point, 0.25/ each) (a) 'He pretended to be pleasedwith the gift' presupposes 'he was not pleased with the gift' (1) 'When will she gradurte from high school' presupposes 'she will graduatefrom high school' (c)'They managed to hand in their paper on time' presupposes 'They tried to hand in their paper ontime' (d)'I wishI had not turned down his proposal' presupposes 'I turned down his proposal' Figures of speech: (1 point, 0.50 /each) (a) One more old Forsyte went to his long rest wonderfully how he had held on 'Went to his long rest' is a metaphor which means 'died' or 'breathed his last' The whole sentence means 'it was wonderful how long old Forsyte had been on his death-bed before he breathed his last' (b) The skinheads have constituted a social problem in the west 'The skinheads' is a synecdoche which means 'young people with very short hair' Speech acts: (2 points, 0.50/each) (Answers to this part of the test vary depending on the situations provided by the student.) (a) 'What a nice hat you've wearing!' SITUATION 1: A: What a nice hat you're wearing! B: Thanks/ Thank you for your nice compliment A directly compliments B on her new hat This is AN EXPRESSIVE SITUATION 2: A: What you think of this hat? B: What a nice hat you're wearing! 'Nice' may be an exprf;ssion o[irony which means quite opposite B indirectly asks A to get rid of such an awful hat This is A DIRECTIVE (b) 'Look before you leap.' SITUATION 1: Teacher: John, read the first sentence on page 14 .John: Look before you leap John only reads aloudwhat the teacher asks him to da This is A REPRESENTATIVE SITUATION2: A: Look before you leap B: Thanks for telling me A directly reminds B to have a careful look at the very place he's going to leap This is A DIRECTIVE NATIONAL UNIVERSITY - HCM CITY UNIVERSITY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LINGUISTICS AND LITERATURE ĐỀ Examination in LINGUISTICS Duration: 150 minutes PART ONE: SEMANTICS Compare the following terms and give one example to illustrate: a homonymy / synonymy b live metaphors / dead metaphors a Identify the presupposition(s) in the following sentences: (i) John was quite unpopular (ii) He didn't realize he had been taken in (iii) When did you quit smoking? (iv) The examination in Semantics is so easy this time b Interpret the following sentences and identify the figure(s) of speech employed (i) Here's the smell of blood still All the perfumes of Arabia will not sweeten this little hand (Lady Macbeth, remorseful over murder of the king) (ii) She is a girl of twenty summers For each of the following utterances, provide two situations so that one utterance performs two different acts Interpret the utterances and identify the acts performed in the light of the situations you provide (a) “Do you know what time it is?” (b) “Smoking is strictly prohibited here.” PART TWO: WRITING Write a short essay of about 250-300 words on either topic Motorcycles should be banned What I have gained from the university education Ghi chú: Cán coi thi khơng giải thích thêm Đáp án đề la homonymy vs synonymy: (1 point) HOMONYMY is a sense relation in which VARIOUS WORDS have the same (written and sound) form but have different meanings Exl The noun bear refers to 'a large heavy animal with thick fur' while the verb bear means 'give birth to' and the verb bear means 'tolerate' Ex2 The verb lead in 'Does this road lead to town?' and the noun lead in 'He's the chief trouble-maker; the others just follow his lead' SYNONYMY is a sense relation in which VARIOUS WORDS have different (written and sound) forms but have the same or nearly the same meaning Ex1 The two English verbs hide and conceal are synonyms; they both mean 'keep somebody/ something from being seen or known abouf Ex2 The four English nouns kind type, sort and variety are synonyms; they all refer to 'a group having similar characteristics b live metaphors vs dead metaphors: (I point) A DEAD METAPHOR is used so often that it has lost its metaphoric characteristics the face of the table, the back of the chair, the mouth of the river, the head of the state, etc A LIVE METAPHOR is an implied or indirect comparison which has a variety of figurative meanings through its endless use For example, 'Tom is a pig may be interpreted as 'Tom is short and fat’ ; 'Tom is slow and lazy’; 'Tom is greedy’, 'Tom is not intelligen't’: 'Tom is neither intelligent nor ambitious, etc 2a Presuppositions: (1 point, 0.25/ each) (i) 'John was quite unpopular' presupposes 'the speaker assumes that the hearer already knows who John is' (ii) 'He didn't realize he had been taken in’ presupposes 'he had been taken in' (iii) 'When did you quit smoking' presupposes 'you quit smoking' (iv) 'The examination in Semantics is so easy this time' presupposes 'there have been a number of examinations in Semantics so far, and the last one was really difficult’ 2b Figures of speech: (1 point, 0.50/ each) (i) Here's the smell of blood still All the perfumes of Arabia will not sweeten this little hand "The smell of blood" is implicitly compared to "the murder of the /ling" This is a metaphor "All the perfumes of Arabia will not sweeten this little hand" is an overstatement "This little hand" is a synecdoche which refers to "the Queen herself' The whole expression means: "There is nothing that can completely erase the terrible sin of murdering the king." (ii) She was a girl of twenty summers Summer is one of the four seasons of a year Therefore, "summers" is an expression of synecdoche which stands for "years" This sentence means: "She was twenty years old" or "She was twenty years of age" Speech acts: (1 point, 0.50/ each) (Answers to this part of the test vary depending on the situations provided by the student.) (a) 'Do you know what time it is?' SITUATION 1: The class began at 7: 30 Jim arrived at 8: 15 When seeing Jim entering the classroom the teacher said: "Do you know what tIme it is?'' The teacher indirectly expresses hIS annoying attitude towards Jim, This is AN EXPRESSIVE SITlTATION 2: Mary: Oh, I forget my watch Do you know what time it is? Tom: It's 7: 05 Mary asks Tom for the time This is A ROGATIVE / A DIRECTIVE SITUATION 3: John: Hurry up or else wel1 miss the train Do you know what tIme it is? Linda: Wait a minute John is really upset because it takes Linda a lot of time to be ready to leane for the railroad station This is AN EXPRESSIVE (b) 'Smoking is strictly prohibited here.' SITUATION 1: A man was sitting outside the operation room He was very anxious about his wife's surgery To calm himself down, he took out a cigarette While he was lighting it, a nurse approached to him and said: "Smoking is strictly prohibited here." The nurse requests or orders the hearer not to smoke This is A DIRECTIVE SITUATION 2: Jack: Does my smoking bother you? Gina: It doesn't matter to me, but smoking is strictly prohIbited here Gina directly informs Jack oj thc prohibition of smoking in that place This is A REPRESENTATIVE SITUATION 3: Alfred: Don't you know that smoking is strictly prohIbited here? Kevin: Sorry Alfred indirectly ordersKevin not to smoke in that place This is A DIRECTIVE NATIONAL UNIVERSITY - HCM CITY UNIVERSITY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LINGUISTICS AND LITERATURE Đề Examination in LINGUISTICS Duration: 150 minutes PART ONE: SEMANTICS Compare the following terms and give one example to illustrate : a polysemy / partial synonymy b lexical ambiguity / structural ambiguity a Identify the presupposition(s) in the following sentences: (i) I am not able to go to Hanoi this weekend (ii) Did you return the book to the library? (iii) I'm going to spend my holidays in the country (iv) He bought a new English-Vietnamese dictionary b Interpret the following sentences and identify the figure(s) of speech employed (i) A cloud appeared over their friendship (ii) Spare the rod and spoiled the child For each of the following utterances, provide two situations so that one utterance performs two different acts Interpret the utterances and identify the acts performed in the light of the situations you provide (a) “We're running out of time.” (b) “The ice cream is in the fridge.” PART TWO: WRITING Write a short essay of about 250-300 words on either topic Qualities of a good teacher What I have gained from the in-service undergraduate program Ghi chú: Cán coi thi không giải thích thêm Đáp án đề 1a polysemy vs partial synonymy: (1 point) POLYSEMY is a sense relation in which A SINGLE WORD has two or more slightly different but closely related meanings For example, the noun chip can have the following meanings : (1) a small piece of some hard substance which has been broken of f from something larger : a chip of wood / glass (2) a small cut piece of potato which is fried for eating: “Can I try one of your chips?” (3) a small but vital piece of a computer This computer has got a faster chip than the old one The three meanings are closely related because they all contain 'the semantic feature [ +small piece] PARTIAL SYNONYMY is a sense relation in which A POLYSEMOUS WORD shares one of its meanings with another word Ex1 : One meaning of broad is synonymous with wide: The river is very broad / wide at this point Ex2 One meaning of strong is synonymous with powerful There are strong / powerful arguments for and against capital punishment 1b Lexical ambiguity vs structural ambiguity (1 point ) A sentence is considered as STRUCTURALLY AMBIGUOUS when its structure permits more than one interpretation S S NP1 VP1 Adv VP2 [optional Adjunct of Means] We watched the hunters Interpretation with binoculars PRO Vgrp [mono-trans] NP2 PP We watched the hunters with binoculars Interpretation Any ambiguity resulting from the ambiguity of a word is LEXICAL AMBIGUITY For example, we can interpret the sentence “That robot is bright” in two different ways because the adjective bright is a POLYSEMOUS WORD which has two slightly different but closely related meanings: shining and intelligent 2a Presuppositions: (1 point, 0.25/each) (i) 'I am not able to go to Hanoi this weekend' presupposes I am supposed to go to Hanoi this weekend (ii) 'Djcl you return the book to the library' presupposes You had borrowed a book from the library' (iii) Tm Qoing to spend my holidays in the country' presupposes 'I havejit taken my vacation yet' (iv) 'He bought a NEW English-Vietnamese dictionary yesterday' presupposes He owned/possessed/has/an old one' 2b Figures of speech (1 point, 0.50/each) (i) A cloud appeared over their friendship “ A cloud” is compared to something that had happened and threatened to destroy their friendship This sentence is a metaphor which means “ there was something wrong with their friendship.” (ii) Spare the rod and spoil the child “The rod” is used to substitute for "the punishment" This sentence is a mytonomy which means “ if you not punish a child when he does wrong,you will spoil his character” Speech acts : ( point, 0.50/ each) ( answers to this part of the test vary depending on the situations provided by the student.) (a) “ We are running out of time.” SITUATION 1: A: “ How much time have we got for the project?” B: “ We are running out of time.” B states the fact that there is no time left to finish ( or accomplish) what he and his colleague are supposed to for the project This is A REPRESENTATIVE SITUATION 2: Janet : “ Our oral presentation is not as well-prepared as it should be.” Mary : “ We are running out of time.” ( By stating the fact that there is no time left to anything more to their oral presentation,) Mary suggests that Janet should accept what they've done for it This is a DIRECTIVE SITUATION 3: Tutor : “ You should always explain the data listed in your final papers Never assume that your professor can interpret them by himself “ Student : “ We are running out of time.” On behalf of other students, the speaker, who is a student, asks his or her tutor for some more time to accomplish their final papers properly This is A DIRECTIVE (b) “ The ice cream is in the fridge.” SITUATION 1: A: “Where is the dessert?” B: “ The ice cream is in the fridge.” B indirectly informs A of what is prepared for dessert and where it iskept > This is a REPRESENTATIVE SITUATION 2: A: “Ice cream is in the fridge.” B : “I'm full.” A indirectly and informally invites B to tiave an ice cream This is A DIRECTIVE NATIONAL UNIVERSITY - HCM CITY UNIVERSITY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LINGUISTICS AND LITERATURE Đề Examination in LINGUISTICS Duration: 150 minutes PART ONE: SEMANTICS a What are the four maxims of the cooperative principle? b Identify the difference between denotation and connotation Give one example-to illustrate each a Identify the presupposition(s) of the following: (i) She pretended that the gift had pleased her (ii) They were rich b Interpret meaning of the following sentences and identify the kinds of figurative language employed (i) Their next strategy is to expand their business to less developed countries (ii) The huge locomotive snorted and belched its way across the plain Give situations, interpret the meaning and then classify the following sentences into different kinds of speech acts: a “I’m very upset that so many of you are talking.” b “We are going to turn you in “ c “Authors always pay their debts “ d “ The food is really awful.” PART TWO: WRITING Write a short essay of about 250-300 words on either topic What are some things that students consider when they are choosing a program? Do you think people are healthier now than in the past? Ghi chú: Cán coi thi không giải thích thêm Đáp án đề la maxims of the cooperative principle t (1 point) The four conversational maxims of THE CO-OPERATIVE PRINCIPLE are: (1) The maxim of RELEVANCE; what we say should be relevant, i.e say what is relevant (2) The maxim of QUALITY: what we say should be true i.e speak truthfully (3) The maxim of QUANTITY.- what we say should be brief, i.e give us much information as needed) (4) The maxim of CLARITY; what we say should be clear, i.e say something clearly In fact, these conversational maxims arc not always observed 1b denotation vs connotation: (1 point) The DENOTATION of a word is the core, central or referential meaning of the word found in a dictionary It is the meaning that may be described m terms of a set of semantic features that serve to identify the particular concept associated with the word The CONNOTATION of a word is the additional meaning that the word has beyond its denotative meaning It shows people's emotions and/or attitudes towards what the word refers to That's why connotative meanings are also called social or affective meanings For example, woman is denotatively described as [+human], [+mature] and [+female] Under a certain circumstance, woman may positively be connoted as f+devoted} or {+ patient} Under another circumstance, woman may negatively be connoted as [+wicked} or [+ talkative} 2a Presuppositions (1 point, 0.25/ each) (i) She pretended that the gift had pleased her' presupposes 'The gift did not please her' (ii) 'They were rich' presupposes “ they are not rich” 2b Figures of speech: (1 point 0.50/ each) (i) Their next strategy is to expand their business to less developed countries 'Less developed9 is a euphemism which really means "poor"' A semantic paraphrase of the sentence may be They plan to expand their business to poor countries That is their next strategy9 (ii) The huge locomotive snorted and belched its way across the plain The huge locomotive is given two human actions: snorted and belched This sentence is an expression of personification which means 'the huge of strange, irritating sounds and released a lot of across the plain Speech acts : (2 points, 0.50/ each) (Answers to this part vary depending on the situations provided by the student.) (a) “ I am very upset that so many of you are talking.' SITUATION Joe : It’s my book Jenny : your book is over there This one's mine Jack : Your book is there and over there is Joe's This one's mine Mother : I’m very upset that So many of you are talking The speaker, who is a mother of three young children, directly shows that she is extremely annoyed by her children's talkativeness This is AN EXPRESSIVE SITUATION Teacher: I’m very upset that so many of you are talking Class monitor : Be quiet, please The teacher of a big class, indirectly orders her pupils to stop talking (and the monitor just paraphrases what the teacher has really said ) This is A DIRECTIVE (b) “ We are going to turn you in.” A drunken relative : Just bring me another bottle of red wine The host : If you keep on misbehaving, we are going to turn you in On behalf of his wife, the speaker, who is the host of a party, threatens to let the police mken irritating relative This is A COMMISSIVE (c) “ Authors always pay their debts” A: Author always pay their debts B: I can’t agree more A directly states the fact that no one can avoid paying his/her own debts).This is a REPRESENTATIVE (d) “ The food is awful “ A: I love this pizza Why don't you try it? B: Already And the food is really awful to me B directly shows that he/she extremely dislikes the food This is AN EXPRESSIVE ... What are some things that students consider when they are choosing a program? Do you think people are healthier now than in the past? Ghi chú: Cán coi thi khơng giải thích thêm Đáp án đề la maxims... you think of the over-population in Vietnam nowadays? Is it easy for you to look for a well-paid job in Ho Chi Minh City? Why or why not? Ghi chú: Cán coi thi khơng giải thích thêm ĐÁP ÁN Đề. .. on either topic What you think of the overpopulation in Vietnam nowadays? 7s there a generation gap in your family? Ghi chú: Cán coi thi khơng giải thích thêm Đáp án đề 3a Entailment: (l point)