Nghiên cứu quy hoạch bảo vệ môi trường khu vực cái rồng, huyện vân đồn, tỉnh quảng ninh

DAI HOC QUOC GIA HA NOI TRl/OnVG DAI HOC KHOA HOC TL^ NHIEN it it ie ic ie-k "k-k it NGHIEN ClTU QUY HOACH BAO VE MOI TRlTonVG KHU VlTC CAI RONG, HUYEN VAN DON, TINH QUANG NINH Ma so: QT.08.43 CHU TRI DE TAJ: TS Nguyln An Thinh CAC CAN BO THAM GIA: ThS Trail Van frirona GS.TS Nguyen Cao Huan TS Pham Quang Anh CN Du Vu Vict Quan CN Bui Van Vugng ThS Tran Thi Mai Iloa CN Nguyen Due Nui CN Pham Phi Cam Van DAI H O C Q U O ' : GlA HA NO'' DT/ J56 Ha Noi - 2009 NGHIEN Cl'U QUY HOACH BAO V;: M O I TRt^dNG KHU VyC CAI R N G , HUYf.N VAN DON, TINH QUANG NINH Bao cao torn tat de tai: "NGHIEN ClfU QUY HOACH BAO VE MOI TRl/QNG KHU VlTC CAI RONG, HUYEN VAN DON, TINH QUANG NINH" MA SO: QG.08.43 Chu tri dk tai: TS Nguyen An Thinh Cdc vien tham gia: ThS Tran Van Truang GS.TS, Nguyen Cao Huan CN Bui Van Vugng ThS Tran Thi Mai Hoa TS, Pham Quang Anh CN Nguyen Due Nui CN Du Vu Viet Quan CN, Pham Thj Cam Van MUG TIEU NGHIEN CUtJ De tai dat muc tieu nghien euxi la: "Dinh hinmg quy hogch hao ve moi trmrng (hi (ran Ccii Rang den nam 2020 gcin vai chien luac phul trien kinh te xci hoi cua finh Quang iMnh, huyen Van Don, thi (ran Cdi Rang va quy hoach cdc ngdnh kinh (f\ CAC KET QUA OAT DL OC - Khao sat, phan lich dieu kien tu nhien kinh te xa hoi anh huong tai ehat lugng moi truang, cong tac quan ly va bao ve moi truang - Phan \'ung eanh quan phan vung moi truong ihco chuc niing kinh le xa hoi \'a yen euLi bao \ e moi truang - Danh gia hien trang sir dung dal va ehai lugng moi truang - Danh gia eong tac bao ve moi trucmg va cac giai phap dang duge ap dung tai thi tran Cai Rong - Du bao dien bien moi truang quy hoach phat trien kinh te xa hoi dia phiiang \a nganh giai doan 2010-2020 - QLI\ hoach \ a to chuc khong gian bao \e nioi iriionL! chuni; - Qii\ hoach bao \'e moi truang chu\en de: qu\ hoach bao \ e moi tnrang nuoi thu\- san qu\ hoach bcio \e moi truang du lich - Xa\ dung ke hoach thuc hien bao \e moi truong - De xuat cac giai phap quan ly moi truang 3, NHING DONG GOP CI A OE TAI Cac ngi dung nghien cuu la nhCmg dong gop quan tronu cua de tai \e ca mat Iv Uian khoa hoc \ a trien khai tren thuc tien Nhung kct qua dat duoc cua lap the lac gia co Di tai NCKH ciip Dyi hyc Quoc gia Ha NOi, Ma so: Q l 0« NGHIEN C(V QUY HO.iiCH BAO V$ M6| TRI ONG KHU VVC CAI R N G , HUYfN VAN N , TINH QUANG NINH MUC LUC • • Bao cao torn tat de tai Summary Report MdDAU CHirONG CO SO KHOA HOC VA PHAP LY LAP Q l V HOACH BAO VE MOI TRUCJNG THI TRAN CAI RONG 11 1.1 CAC CONG TRINH LIEN QUAN DEN KHU VUC NGHIEN CUU 11 1.2 CAC C A N C U ' P H A P LY LAP QUY HOACH BAO VE MOI TRUING TH! TRAN CAI RONG 14 1.2.1 Quan diem, muc tieu va noi dung cua chien lirgc bao ve moi truong cua Viet Nam 14 1.2.2 Can ci'r phap ly quy hoach bao ve moi trucmg thi tran Cai Rong 16 1.3 CAC CAN CLT KHOA HQC LAP QUY HOACH BAO VE MOI TRUONG 18 1.3.1 Tong quan tinh hinh nghien cuu quy hoach bao ve moi truong 18 1.3.2 Phuong phap luan LANDEP ap dung nghien cuu quy hoach bao vc moi truang thj tran Cai Rong 23 1.3.3 Quan diem, each tiep can nghien cuu quy hoach bao \e moi truang thi tran Cai Rong 26 1.4 QUY TRJNH VA PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN CUU LAP QLIY HOACH BAO VE MOI TRUCiNG TH! T R A N C A I RONG 30 1.4.1 Quy trinh nghien cuu lap quy hoach bao ve moi truang 30 1.4.2 Phuong phap nghien cuu 32 CHirONG PHAN TICH DIEU KIEN TU NHIEN, TAI NGUYEN TIHEN NHIEN VA PHAN VUNG CANII QUAN PHUC VU QUY HO.ACH BAO VE MOI T R I OT\G THI TRAN CAI RONG 41* 2.1 DIEU KIEN T U N H l E N V A l A l NGUYEN THIF.NMIIEN 41 2,I,L Vi tridja ly 41 2.1.2 Lich su phat trien ianh tho 41 2.1.3 Djachat 45 2.1.4 Djahinh 47 2.1.5 Khihau 51 2.1.6 Thuy \an \a hai van 56 2.1.'' I ho nliuong 59 2.1.8 Ihirc vat 63 2.2, PHAN TiCII CANH QUAN PHUC \'U QV\ liOACH RAO Vh MOI I R l ONCJ Tllj TRAN CAI RONG 64 2.2.1, Tieu vLing canh quan lam nghiep bac thj tran Cai Rong 6."^ 2.2.2, lieu viing canh quan thj irung tam thi tran Cai Rong 66 2.2.3, Tieu \ung canh quan bien - dao ven ba vinh Bai Tu Long 68 CHUONG DANH GIA HIEN TR.\NG PHAT TRIEN KIMI TE XA HOI CHUNG VA PHAN TiCH CHI PHI - LOT ICH CAC LOAI HINH SI DUNG DAT CHINII PHUC VU Q i ; \ HOACH ' 71 BAO VE MOI TRirONG THI TRAN CAI RONG 71 3.1, HIEN TRANG PHAT TRIEN KINH TE XA HOI 7] 3.1.1 Khai quat cluing 71 3.1.2 Dan cu dan toe "l 3.1.3 Dilc diem phat trien cae nhom nganh kinh le 72 Uc (.li NC Kll Ciip L'ni hoc QuOc gia Ha Noi, M.i so: QT.Ott.J^ NGHigN CI U QUY HO \CH BAO V $ MOI TRI OHQ KHU VyC CAI R O N G , HUY$N VAN D N TINH QUANG NINH 77 3.1.4 Dae diem phan hoa kinh te- \ a hoi theo Ianh tho ; 3.2 PHAN TICH CHI PHI - LOI ICH CAC LOAI HINH SU DUNG DAT CHINH TRONG Tin TRAN CAI RONG ^^ 78 3.2.1 Phan tich chi phi - Igi ich cac loai hinh su dung dat hoa mau '** 3.2.2 Phan tich chi phi - Igi ich he thong cac cay lau nam °^ 3.2.3 Phan tich chi phi - Igi ich cac loai hinh su dung dat rung ^^ 3.2.4 Phan tich chi phi - Igi ich cac loai hinh nuoi hai san °° C H i r a N G PHAN XiCH HIEN TRANG, DIEN BIEN S(f DVNG DAT, MOI TRU'dNG N L C V A R A G THAI RAN PHUC V y QUY HOACH BAO VE MOI TRI/CTNG T H | TRAN CAI RONG •• • 90 4.1 U'NG DUNG CONG NGHE ANH HANG KHONG THANH LAP BAN DO HI$N FRANG SU DUNG DAT THI TRAN CAI RONG 91 4.1.1 Xay dung khoa giai doan phuc vu \ay dung ban hien trang su' dung thj tran Cai Rong ty le l:5.6oo' ^ ' 91 4.1.2 Hien trang sudung dat thi tran Cai Rong 96 4.1.3 Bien dgng sudung dat a mgt so khu v\rc dien hinh 102 4.1.4 Nhan xet ve hien trang va dien bien sir dung dat 103 4.2 HIEN TRANG VA DIEN BIEN CHAT LU'ONG MOI TRUING NUOC 104 4.2.1 Hien trang cap va xu ly nuac thai 104 4.2.2 Hien trang va dien bien moi truang nuac 108 4.2.3 Xu huang bien doi moi truang nuac 116 4.3 HIEN TRANG VA DIEN BIEN THU GOM XU" LY RAC THAI 117 4.3.1 Hien trang thu gom va \i\ ly rac thai ran 117 4.3.2 Du bao dien bien thu gom rac thai (lugng phat thai, nang lire thu gom va \u huong bien doi) ^ 126 CHUOnVG XAY DUNG QUY HOACH BAO VE MOI TRUONG THI TRAN CAI RONG 127 5.1 PHAN TiCH HIEN TRANG SU DUNG CANH QUAN 127 5.2 DANH GIA CANII QUAN PHUC VU QUY HOACH BAO VE MOI TRUONG THI TRAN CAI RONG 128 5.2.1 Tiep can phuong phap luan LANDEP danh gia canh quan 128 5.2.2 Danh gia tai nguyen va moi truang doi vai cac doi tugng quy hoach 129 5.2.3 Danh gia canh quan theo cac muc tieu quy hoach 134 5.2.3 Khai luge nhung \an de moi truang cap bach va tieu chi can dap I'rng theo tieu vung canh quan 136 5.3 XAY DUNG Ql'Y HOACH BAO VE MOI IRUONG 140 5.3.1 To chuc khong gian phat trien kinh te va bao ve moi truang 5.3.2 Qu\ hoach bao \e moi truang nuoi tliu\ san 5.3.3 Qu\ hoach bao \ c moi truong du lich KFTLIAN TAI LIFUTHA.M KHAO Phu luc C a s o du lieu dieu tra kinh te \a hoi tai thj tran Cai R6ng nam 2008 Phu luc Cac bai bao, bao cao khoa hoclicn quan den de tai nghien cuu I OM I \T CAC C ()N(; TRINH \C KM C I A CA NHAN S( H M I K I C PKOIFCI PIHl L i)AN(, K^ K l l Ql A NCiHIFN C(\ KH-CN 140 147 150 161 163 169 183 184 192 i n M l \ ( K l K - i p I >ji h.,c ( J u n e k;iJ \\^ \ n i M J SO: Q I ( hii I n ^\H4^ ^ \i;u\t."T' \ M I h i n h K h o i l_)i,i U m m i ; F);n hvc K h o n h( 194 NGHIEN Cl-'U QUY HO^^CH BAO Vj: M6| TRt^6fNG KHU VyC CAI R N G , HUY^N VAN DON, TINH QUANG NINH Bao cao torn tat de tai: "NGHIEN CLfU QUY HOACH BAO VE MOI T R U Q N G KHU VlTC CAI RONG, HUYEN VAN DON, TINH QUANG NINH" MA SO: QG.08.43 Chu tri de tai: TS Nguyen An Thinh Cdc vien tham gia: ThS Tran Van Truang CN Bui Van Vugng GS.TS Nguyen Cao Huan ThS Tran Thi Mai Hoa TS Pham Quang Anh CN Nguyen Due Nui CN Du Vu Viet Quan CN Pham Thj Cam Van MUC TIEU NGHIEN CUtJ De tai dal muc tieu nghien cuu la: '^Dinh huang quy hoach hao ve moi (ruang (hi (ran Cdi Rong den nam 2020 gem vai chien Iwac phdf trien kinh (c xd hoi cua linh Oudng Ninh, huyen Van Don, (hi tran Cdi Rong vd quy hoach cdc ngdnh kinh tf\ CAC KET QUA DAT DUOC - Khao sat, phan tich clieu kien tu nhien kinh te xa hoi anh hirang tai chat lugng moi truang, cong tac quan ly va bao ve moi truang - Phan \'ung canh quan phan vung moi truang theo chuc nang kinh le xa hoi \'a yeu cau bao \ e moi truang - Danh gia hien trang sir dung dat va chat krgng moi truang - Danh gia cong tac bao ve moi truang va cac giai phap dang dugc ap dung tai thi tran Cai Rong - Du bao dien bien moi truang qu\ hoach phat trien kinh te xa hoi dia phuong \a nganh giai doan 2010-2020 - QLI\ hoach \ a to chuc khong gian bao \e moi truong chung - Quy hoach bao \ e moi truoiig chuycn de: qu> hi>ach bao \ c moi tru'ong nuoi thu\- san qu\ hoach bao \ e nioi truang du lich - Xa> dung ke hoach thuc hien bao \ c moi truang - De xuat cac giai phap quan ly moi truang NHl NC DONG GOP CUA DE TAI Cac ngi dung nghien cuu la nhCrng dong gop quan cua dc tai \c ca mat ly kian khoa hoc \a trien khai iren thuc tien Nhung ket qua dat dugc cua lap the lac gia co Dc tai NCKH c:ip Diti hoc Qu6c gia Ha N'M, Ma so: Ql.DM 43 NGHIEN CI U QUY HOACH BAO V $ MOI TRI ONG KHU V^X CAI R N G , HUYEN VAN D N , TJNH QUANG NINH the su dung lam tai lieu phuc \ u cong tac quy hoach bao ve moi truong va quan l> moi trucmg- cung nlur phuc \u cong tac dao tao dai hoc va sau dai hoc theo huong gan Iv thu\et vai nhiing mo hinh thuc te cu the Cdc san phdm ciia dS tai: 6k tai da hoan 01 bao cao tong hop cung he thong bang bieu \a so tap ban chuyen de khu vuc thj tran Cai Rong, huyen Van Don tmh Quang Ninh bao gom: binh d6 anh may bay chup nam 2004, anh vien tham SPOTS chup \ i tri khu \ uc nghien cuu so d6 lAy va phan tich mau, ban dia mao, ban tho nhuong ban hien trang su dung dat, ban canh quan, ban kinh te chung, ban hien trang moi truang ban quy hoach bao ve moi truong Ddo tao: dh tai da ho trg cho sinh vien K49 Bg mon Sinh thai canh quan va Moi truang, Khoa Dja ly thuc hien khoa luan tot nghiep tai khu vuc thi tran Cai Rong Cdc cong trinh cong bo: khuon kho ngi dung khoa hgc cua de tai co 02 bai bao da dugc cong bo: - "Phuang phdp hign LANDEP nghien ci'cu sinh thai canh quan (hi (nghien cuu dien hinh tai thi tran Cdi Rong, huyen Van Don, tinh Quong Ninhf' Tuyen tap cac bao cao khoa hoc Hoi nghj khoa hgc Dja ly toan quoc Ian thir 3, Ha Ngi 2008 - '^Characteristics of the landscape and the human ecology in Vietnam's coastal zone" Collection in the Third Inlernalional Conference on Vietnamese Studies "Vietnam - Integration and De\clopment" Vietnam National University Publisher Ha Noi 2008 THOI GIAN VA KINH PHI THUC HIEN DE TAI: - De tai dugc thuc hien nam (nam 2008) - long kinh phi dugc phe duyet: 20.000.000 VND (Hai muoi trieu dong chan) Xac nhan ciia Khoa Dia Iv Chu tri de tai / PGS.TS Nhil ThiXuan TS Nguyen An Thjnh Xac nhan cua I ruoni> Dili lioc Khoa hnc I u nhicn Xac nhan cua Dai hoc Quoc gia Ha No! ' >, t.u \ k l U ip I t.n 1^ , (,t I 'Ml [11 ^ \ ; - ' i \ l"tl \ | I h,; is, r e ! ^1.1 I T i l l i n g r V i ; IVK- K h n i hi NGHlgN C l U QUY HO^CH BAO Vg Mfll TRlf^NG KHU VyC CAI R6NG, HUYf.N VAN DON TJNH QUANG NINH Summary Report: "A STUDY OF ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING IN CAI RONG AREA, VAN DON DISTRICT, QUANG NINH PROVINCE" CODE: QG.08.43 Head of project: Dr NGUYEN An Thinh Members of project: MSc Tran Van Truong Prof.Dr Nguyen Cao Huan BSc Bui Van Vuong MSc Tran Thi Mai Hoa Dr Pham Quang Anh BSc Du Vu Viet Quan BSc Nguyen Due Nui BSc Pham Thi Cam Van OBJECTIVE This study focuses on ^'Orientation of environmental planning in Cai Rong town until 2020 in which connected closely to socio-economic development strategy and economic branches planning of Quang Ninh province Van Don district and Cai Rong town as neir MAIN STUDY RESULTS This project has obtained following results: - Sur\'eying and analyzing both natural and socio-economic conditions vvhich affecting to the environmental quality as well as mission of environmental manageincnt and protection - Landscape and environmental zoning according to socio-economic functions and requirements of environmental protection - E\aluating existing of land use and enxironmental qualilw - I:\alualing en\"ironmcntal protection mission and solulion> applying in Cai Rong town - Forecasting on the en\"ironmental changes under socio-ecoiiomic dexelopment plan at local scale and branch scale as well in period of 201 0-202(1 - Planning and spatial organization for general cu\ iroiimciiuil protection - Specific enx'ironmental planning, including aquaculturc and enxironmental planning - Constructing the timetable for implementing cn\ ironmental protection - Sue^estinu solutions on environmental manauemenl Dc tai N'CKH c;'ip D:.ii hoc Quoc gia Ha N^i, Ma so: QT.08.43 tourisni NGHIEN CI U QUY HOvCH BAG V^ MOI TRI ONG KHU VyC CAI R N G , HUY^IN VAN N , TJNH QUANG NINH CONTRIBUTIONS OF PROJECT Such stud\ contents are important contributions of project actually on scientific theories and applications Those results can be used as references for environmental planning, education and training materials for under and post graduate students / Products of project Project has completed 01 final report with tables, figures and thematic and integrated maps of Cai Rong town, including maps of aeronautical image conducted in 2004 satellite image SPOTS, sample collecting and analyzing, geomorphology, soil, existing land use, landscape classifying, general economic, existing environment and environmental planning 2, Educational results: under this project's supporting, two undergraduate student at Landscape F-cology and Environment Deparment, Faculty of Geography were carried out their dissertation in Cai Rong area J Publislted reports: there are two reports in national and international conferences have been published in researching time of this project, include of "LANDEP methodolog)' on urban landscape ecology research (a case study of Cai Rong town Van Don district, Quang Ninh province)'' (Collection of Reports in the third National Conference on Geography Hanoi 2008) and ^^Characteristics of the landscape and the human ecology in Vicfnam 's coastal zone^' (Collection in the Third International Conference on Vietnamese Studies "Vietnam - Integration and Development"' Vietnam National University Publisher Ha Noi 2008) DUI^VnON AND EXPENDITl RE OF PROJECT - Duration of project is one year (2008) - Total expenditure of project is 20.000.000 VND (twenty million VND) W Confirmation of Geography Faculty Head of Project Assoc.Prof.Dr NHl Thi Xiian Dr NGUYEN An Thinh COM IRMATION OK I M \ I USIl ^ OK SCIKNC K CONFIRMATION OK \ lETNAM NATIONAL UNIVKKSriY '.M \ ( t In M K l ! ^.Ip P l i IVK (.>llM^ ;,,! I i.i \ M I ^ \ ^ ' , \ i \ 11 \ - M l i M i l K11 J P I ) K M , , ,-., Q l f l S n t i i n - ri-ii liMi K h o i h r NGHieN Civ QUY HO^CH BAO V$ Mdl TRl^dNG KHU V^C CAI R N G , HUYf.N VAN DON, TINH QUANG NINH MO DAU Khu vuc thi tran Cai Rong thuoc dao Cai Bau la dao Ian nhat ciia huyen dao Van Don (phan Ianh tho tren dat lien) va vinh Bai Tu Long (phan Ianh tho tren biln), toa 21*^04 d^n 21^8^ vT BSc, 107^40" dCm 107'44' kinh Dong, dong giap xa Ha Long, tay giap xa Dong Xa nam giap vinh Bai Tu Long, phia bac giap xa Doan Ket Mac du dien tich khong Ian (363,24 ha) nhung thi tran Cai Rong dugc xem la Ianh tho thu nho dien hinh ciia hu\cn Van Don vai su phan hoa doi nui thap, dong bang va bien - hai dao tao sir da dang cao ve canh quan cung nhu cac boat dong phat trien Thi tran Cai Rong co nhieu tiem nang Ian ve dien tich mat nuac bien, bai trieu, he dong thuc vat da dang, co nhieu loai co gia trj kinh te cao, dieu kien hau, thiiy vSn, hai vSn tuang doi thuan Igi cho phat trien kinh iL Vai cac » J > dieu kien thuan Igi ve tai nguyen thien nhien, khu \ uc co kha nang phat trien da dang cac nganh kinh te nong, lam ngu nghiep cang bien va du lich bien dao Lren thuc tc thi tran Cai Rong dang dong vai tro la trung tam kinh te, chinh tri va van hoa quan cua huyen Van Don uy nhien sir phat trien kinh te thieu quy hoach khong kiem soat se nhanh chong hu\ tioai moi truang pha buy can bang sinh thai khai thae tai ngu\en thien nhien thai \ao moi truang mot lugng Ian chat thai De giiip phat trien ben vung cho khu virc na} can phai co chinh sach dung dan, vai cac cong cu quan ly huu hicu a tam \T nio Mot nhung cong cu quan ly nha nuac quan la qu> hoach bao ve moi truang \;'I:TIM|, khoiP.ji' 10 11 12 13 Thuy tinh Vat li?u xay dirng Kim loai Vai vun Xithan Bun Hoa chat Xop Tdng so 20 0.5 39.5 26 5.5 40 3 15 0.3 0.5 0.5 1.5 0.2 74 2327.5 10.5 0.00 50.63 0.00 0.00 7.59 0.00 0.00 1.27 0.00 35.14 0.00 0.00 7.43 0.00 0.00 0.68 0.21 1.72 0.13 0.13 0.64 0.00 0.00 0.06 9.52 0.00 2.86 0.00 4.76 0.00 0.00 1.90 Tuy dien tich toan thi tran khdng Idn, nhung tinh chat phirc tap cua cac loai hinh kinh doanh, dich vu va van tai bien, tdng lugng rac thai ciia toan thi tran chiem khdi lugng khdng nhd Sd lugng xe day tay khong nhieu, budc phai quay vong giua cae tuyen phd chinh, xe d td chuyen dung chi di thu gom vao Iugt chinh ngay, rieng diem ngoai cang lugng rac thai mang tinh chat dac thii phat sinh nhiSu vao budi sang sdm nen dugc thu gom Iugt Nhin chung nang l\rc van chuyen chua dap ung dugc so vdi khdi lugng rac thai phat sinh hang Khoang each giira cac diem tap ket tuong doi deu nhau, nhung tren tuyen khao sat cdn bat gap sd bai tap trung rac thai ma theo phan anh cua cac hd dan xung quanh thi khdng dugc thu gom thudng xuyen Dd la diem sau: + Tren dudng cang (thugc khu 9) + Sau chg thi tran (khu 8) + Sat ke nude (khu 8) + Sudi giira khu va khu 4- Kenh dan nude (sau khu 7) Anh 4.4 Bdi rdc phia sau khu vd khu tren duang cang Cdi Rang Dc t^i NCKH ciip Dai hpc Qu6c gia H^ Ngi, Ma s6: QT.08.43 Chii tri: TS Nguyen An Thjnh, Khoa Dja ly, Trirb-ng Dai hi^c Khoa hyc ru nhion 125 NGHIEN Cl U QUY HO.VCH B\0 Vf MOI TRI 6NG KHU V^C CAI R N G , HUYfN VAN OON, i inn viu^r,ys Ca di^m dhu la cac di^m nam phia sau cac khu dan cir, each xa tryc duang chinh xe dky tay chua vao d^n tan nai Y thurc ciia nguai dan nai day c6n kem, da phAn cac hd dan xa thang rac va ca nude thai cac sudi, kenh mirofng gan nha Nhieu hg nuoi gia siic gia cam cdn vut ca xac sue vat chet gay d nhiem mdi trudng anh hudng den moi trudng sdng eiia chinh hg va cac hd dan lan can Dac biet la diem phia sau khu chg thj tran, hoat ddng budn ban dien tap n^p, rac thai dugc thai lien tuc vdi sd lugng rat Idn, nhung khdng dugc mang diem tap ket trude cdng chg ma bj vut thang bai dat trdng gan khu xay d\mg Trong tuong lai gan, can cd su dieu chinh lai tuyen thu rac chinh va tSng cudng them so lugng xe day tay de dap ung nhu cau van chuyen ciia thi tran Khu vuc bien hai dao ven bd nam vung quan ly ciia Ban Quan ly cang Cai Rdng hien dang dugc cong ty mdi trudng dd thj va Ban Quan ly cang Cling phoi hgp thu gom lugng rac thai phat sinh tren bien Hoat ddng nuoi thiiy hai san dien manh me d vung gan bd, chii yeu dudi hinh thue nu6i long be, cac hg dan song va sinh hoat tren be ca, lugng rac thai phat sinh cac hoat dgng la rat Idn va da phan dugc dd thang xudng bi^n gay anh hudng nghiein trgng den moi trudng nude bien cung nhu ch^t lugng nude cho nudi thuy hai san Tuy van co tau di thu gom hang nhung chua dap ung dugc so vdi lugng rac thai d day 4.3.2 Dir bao dien bien thu gom rac thai (lyang phat thai, nang lire thu gom va xu hudng bien doi) - Dir bdo luang rdc thai vd xu huang biin ddi: vdi tdc do thj hda nhu hicn ciing \ di sir phat trien manh me ciia cac loai hinh kinh doanh nha hang, khach san va dich \ u tuang lai, lugng rac thai phat sinh se cang nhieu va da dang ve phan Lugng rac huu ca vIn chi^m ph4n Idn va tSng len nhieu ve mat khdi lugng quy mo dan s6 tang nhanh Lugng rac thai vat li?u Xciy dung tang len nhieu so vdi thdi gian trude boat dgng san lip mat b k g va xay dung ciia khu thj mdi ven bi^n - Dir bdo ndng lire thu gom: vdi s6 ddu xe va tkn sudt xe thu gom nhu hi?n se khong the dap ung dugc nhu eSu phat sinh rac thai ciia thj trdn khdng chi thdi dicni hicn tai ma ca thdi gian tdi IV t.): \ t K i K i;^ i l i i ! i , , i j M - , :;;.) | |.i \ M , , M , H Q] US H NGHKN cm QUY HOACH BAO V f MOI TRU^ONG KHU VVC CAI R6NG, HUYtN VAN DON, TINH QUANG NINH CHirONG XAY DITNG QUY HOACH BAO VE MOI TRirdNG THI TRAN CAI RONG 5.1 PHAN TICH HIEN TRANG StJ* DUNG CANH QUAN a) Tiiu viing cdnh quan lam nghiep b&c thi tran Cdi Rdng Vai nhirng dac trung ve dilu kien tir nhien da duofc trinh bay a phAn truac, ixhn viing co hai loai hinh su dung dat chinh: ^ ^ ^ f -H Phan Idn dat dugc dung trdng rung san xuat + Mdt phan nhd phia ddng lanh thd xay dung dd thi * Cac mau thuan va van de mdi trudng quan trgng: - Phat trien dd thj se lam giam dien tich cho rung san xuat, ddng thdi \ r \ cung tac dgng tdi chat lugng nude ciia hd Mat Rdng •» ' - Phat trien lam nghiep theo each khai thae chat trang, tao nen mdt di?n tich rat Idn dat trdng, dieu mau thuan vdi chinh sach trdng rung phdng hg cho muc dich du lich Khai thae chat trang, dat rat dc bi xoi mon rua troi vao mua mua lam thay ddi phan, cau triic dat, anh hudng xau tdi canh quan cac tieu vung lan can h) Tiiu vung thi trung tdm thi trdn Cdi Rong Day la tilu vung canh quan cd dac diem su dung dat da dang nhat so vdi cac tieu viing lai: - Khu vuc ddi thip cd sudn thoai dugc diing rung san xuat, lam khu nghla trang, trdng cay an qua - QuSn cu dd thj d trung tam ciia ti6u viing vdi boat dgng kinh te chinh la phat trien du lich djch vu - Khoang >40% dien tich dAt ciia ti6u \ ung dung cho liia, hoa mau theo miia va nudi thuy san Trude thuc trang tren, da sinh mgt so mau thuan va cac van de moi trudng quan trgng: - Phat tri^n dd thj (khul, 2, 3, 5) lam giam dien tich dat nong nghiep, dat nudi trdng thuy san Ddng thdi ngudn rac, nude thai thi nga\ cang tang nhung De tai NCKM cAp Dai hoc Quoc gia H^ Npi, Ma so: Qr.08.43 Chii tri: TS Nguyen An Thjnh, Khoa Dia ly, Trirdng Dai hoc Khoa hoc u nhien 177 » ^^ HGWEN CKU qUY HOACH BAO W^ MOI TRl/ONG KHU VyC CAI RQNG HUYEN VAN 0(^N, TiNH QU.ANG NINH lV{R,G) = Y^v\"xs\" x: 00 -0 > to >! • ^ ^ -J -0 Cd r kha nang nudi U g va vung nu kha nang nuoi ^* kha nang nuoi sz %> *> >* > ^5 argentimacu rw.y i trieu kha nang nuoi kha nang nuoi kha 1nang inuoi ^.s- erythropteru man cao man cao kha 1aang i kha ]aang iluoi i e n p hap can alcarifer c 00 nep helus fuscogutt '3 00 /ze/w^- akaara *c /?e/w.s' bleekeri cd yi /?e/w.s' tauvina c > 00 *>* *>' JQIU '^ H E -3 r cx -V ^0 t3 dng bac :3 > -3 JZ ong is ' _ J •G u u u u hoa n; ^ > c 00 c u U cham OJ: c 00 (Cd X tun US trituberlatus > ^ > -3 00 Kiramamosain -3 X Cd muridae '3 > 00 > :3 :3 a ^*> s •^ JZ "J^ ^ r^ j \ '>s ->% ^ ^> ^ x: x: o x: x: x: x: o *3 ^3 CJ ' ^3 x: ^ ^ x: 3 iii > > a r: 3C > '5 -G • -3 CJ ' 00 E c '12 ^ c^* ^ J= ' Z y: > OD C 100mm, gay ngot hoa dot ngpt cac ao dam nudi trdng thuy san 5.2.3 Danh gia canh quan theo cac muc tieu quy hoach Ket qua danh gia cho thay cu the su phan hoa theo cac tilu viing: tieu \ ung mii thap thuan loi phat trien lam nghiep; tieu viing ddng bang thuan Igi phat trien thi cac nganh dich vu tieu thii cong nghiep va nong nghiep; tilu viing hicn - dao ven bd thuan loi nuoi hai san va cang biin Kit qua ddi vdi timg loai hinh sir dung dat cu the nhu sau: - 7/V;/ \'ii}}\i cauh quan lam nghiep hdc thi trdn Cdi Rong cd dat vang nhat nvn da c.ii d q ) civ unii thii nhc tang da\ trung binh thich hgp phat triln rung |MuMie ho nnii: ^an \iiai \K^\ cac ca> irony keo tai tugng iGliricidia septum), bach Jan (/-.;, (//v/v/^s spp.) tre hat ho {Dendrocalamus W- Ml \ C K H , i p P l l h.K O'jMC - I J Ha \ m \ l a MV Q I ' * ohhlami), \ai (Litchi chinensis) Trong tiSu vung nay, san xuit lam nghiep cd xu hudng chuyin biin tick cue \h 16 chuc quan ly va tao vdn phat triln rirng, han chi khai thae gd, chu trpng bao ve va trdng rung Giai doan 1990-1995, tai nguyen rirng hi suy giam quan ly rimg khong hop ly Tir nam 1996, rirng dugc quan ly hgp ly dua tren co sd bao tdn vdn rirng hien co va tang cudng trdng them rirng dua ty le che phu cua rimg tir 44,8% (nam 1995) len 52,5% (nam 2001) va ph4n dku din nam 2010 la 70% - Tieu viing canh quan thi trung tdm thi trdn Cdi Rdng thich hgp vdi cac loai hinh su dung dit trdng lua, hoa mau, phat triln giao thdng xay dung dd thi va phat trien du ljch, dich vu Tren thuc tl, day la khu vuc phat triln nhAt cua thi tran, la trung tam hanh chinh huyen, hoat ddng ndng nghiep chilm ty le nhd, dat ndng nghiep giam dl md rdng dd thi Tdng lugng khach du lich nam 2005 dat 280.000 Iugt, khach ndi dia dat 190.000 Iugt khach qudc tl dat 90.000 Iugt, doanh thu tren 12 ty ddng Du bao din nam 2010, sd Iugt khach din thi trin se tang len khoang 720.000 Iugt - Tieu vung cdnh quan bien - ddo ven ba vinh Bdi Tu Long thich hgp vdi cac hoat ddng phat triln giao thdng cang, nudi trdng va danh bat hai san Tren thuc te, cac hoat ddng ludn chiem vj tri quan trgng phat triln kinh tl xa hdi ciia thi tran Cai Rdng Dien tich nudi trdng thuy san nude ngot cd xu hudng giam hoat ddng thu hdi dat dt md rdng dd thj nhung dicn tich khai thae va nudi trdng hai san dugc md rdng Hien toan thj tran co tren I 10 tau (gdm 30 phuong tien danh ca tuyen khoi va tren 80 phuang tien danh bai ven bd), dat san lugng trung binh 2000 tan/nam Md hinh nudi ca Idng be dugc phat triln vdi 75 be (ca song, ca hdng, ca gio, tu hai, ), tdng dien tich 8.26 ha, dat san lugng trung binh 4000 tln/nam Ket qua danh gia cung cho phep xac dinh cac van de tai nguyen va mdi :rudng ndi com cac tieu viing canh quan Bdng 5,2, Cdc vdn de tdi nguyen vd moi trw&ng noi com tren cdc tieu viing cdnh quan a thi trdn Cdi Rong f Tieu viing canh quan ^ieu \ ling canh quan lam nghiep bac thj tran Cai Rong Hien trang Cac van de tai nguyen va khai thae, su* dung moi truong noi com - Trong rung san xuat mot - Nguy CO xoi mon dat va phan nho phia dong lanh tho khai thae rung san xuat chua hgp ly xay dung thj Thu gom \a xir 1> rac thai, nude thai khu dan cu e t^i NCKH c:ip D«i hyc Qu(ic gia H^ Nyi, Ma s6: QT.08.43 fiii tri: TS Nguyen An Thinh, Khoa Dja ly, TrirA^ng Dai hgc Khoa hyc Tu nhien 135 NGHIEN Cl U QUY HO\CH BAG V$ M I TRI ONG KHU V^ C CAI R N G , HUYfN VAN OON iiwn i^i - Cac van de mdi trudng san lap mat bing lan bien xay dung thj Thu gom rac thai sinh hoat, xu ly nude thai Nguy ca nhiem ngu6n nude sinh hoat ho Mat Rong - O nhiem moi trudng nude bien chat thai thi, nuoi hai sin, giao thong thuy nhiem moi trudng nude bien san lap, dat thai ciia cic du an, xam lan mat nude bien - Khai thae da voi ciia hon Rong Tien va hon Cai Rong T ; , , , - Su dung canh quan da dang Tieu vung canh ,; "; , *; j7 nhat: rung san xuat, quan thi i x *- • i t- L * quan cu thi, lua, hoa trung tam thi ^, , / , , , mau theo mua va nuoi thuy tran Cai Rong san (40% dien iich) - Phat trien cang bien, giao p., , thong thiiy, nuoi thiiy lieu vung canh ^ ,^ i , • ,.; , I san, giao thong thuy, khai quan bien-dao , , ? - , , i n - thae da vol ven bo vmh Bai Tu Long 5.2.3 Khai lu'O'c nhirng van de moi tru-dng cap bach va tieu chi can dap ung theo tieu vung canh quan Tieu vung 1: Tieu viing canh quan lam nghiep thj trdn Cai Rdng V Cdc vdn de tdi nguyen moi truang - Nguy CO xoi mdn dat - Canh tac, rung tren cac canh quan ddi mii thSp , khai thae rung chua hgp ly - Cac van dc moi irudng xay dung tang thj - Van dc thu gom va xu ly rac thai, nude thai khu dan cu *J Cdc tieu chi cdn ddp irng • Bao ve va phat trien rung, ngan chan viec khai thae chat trSng - Ty le che phu rung dat 100% - Cap nude \ a \ a \ dung he thong xu ly nude thai - Bao ve nguon nude, dam bao ch^t lugng nude mat tieu chuAn cho phep - N'gan chan nguy co xoi mon - Khong lam thay doi sudn ddc tu nhien - Khai thae hop l\ rung san xuat Tieu viing 2: lieu \ ung canh quan thj trung tam */ ( ac van dc ten nguyen moi truong (V t.i \ ( M l , ,p p,,, h,„ (ju-.,- ^,^j }(^, \,-,j ^^^ ^,-, Q i oji4-i C hn tn i s \ ^ u \ v n \ n III.nil, Kho.i O u 1\ I runni; D|ii hoc Kh : ^ - O nhiem moi trudmg khu dan cu (cac bai rac gay d nhilm va m^t my quan thj) I' - Cac vdn dh moi trudmg phat trien dd thi, san \kp mat bing xam lin bien - Xoi mdn, sat la, nia trdi tir khu vuc xay dung dd thi mai, khai thae dk - vin dh ve thu gom rac thai sinh hoat, xu ly nuac thai khu thj - Nguy ca d nhiem ngudn nuac sinh hoat hd Mat Rdng *) Cdc tieu chi cdn dap ung - Dam bao chat lugng mdi trudng cac khu dan cu ' Cham dut triet de su phat tan cac chat gay nhi^m moi trudng (rac thai, nude thai ) tir khu dan cu ao, hd, bi^n - Dam bao chat lugng ngudn nude mat, bao ve hd chua - Trdng cay xanh tao canh quan hai hoa cho khu dd thi trung tam - Xu ly mdi trudng cac diem khai thae vat lieu san l^p - Cai thien mdi trudng dd thi phii hgp tieu chuan cho phep - Quan ly nghiem ngat viec thuc hien quy che bao ve mdi trudng d cac khu thi Tieu vdng 3: Tieu vung canh quan bien dao ven bd *^ Cdc vdn de tdi nguyen moi truang - O nhiem mdi trudng bien chat thai dd thi, nuoi hai san, giao thdng thuy - Bdi lang luong lach, bien dgng ddng chay / - Xam lan mat nude bien, d nhiem moi trudng nude bien san lap, dat ^ai ciia cac du an \ *^ Cdc tieu chi cdn dap ung - Bao ve mdi trudng nude bien dau md, nude thai, rac thai tu sinh hoat 'f Ui NCKH Clip Drti hyc Qu6c gia Ha Ngi, Ma s6: Q l 08.43 hii tri: TS Nguyen An Thjnh, Khoa Dja ly, Trirong Dili hyc Khoa hoc Fu nhicd 1V >cd < a j - IS > S e c o i : CJ