giaonhan vận tải biển trường đại học hàng hải Việt Nam

bài tập lớn giao nhận vận tải biển, mặt hàng ống thép xuất khẩu sang nhật bản, kinh tế ngoại thương khóa 57 trường đại học hàng hải việt nam. cơ sở pháp lí, cơ sở lí luận về nghiệp vụ giao nhận, tuyến đường đi, cách thức đóng gói hàng hóa, vận tải hàng theo đường biển và đường bộ

MINISTRY OF TRANSPORT MINISTRY OF EDUCATION

VIETNAM MARINE UNIVERSITY

ECONOMICS OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE

INSTRUCTOR : TRAN HAI VIET

NAME OF STUDENT : PHAM THI THAM

STUDENT CODE : 69589

CLASS GROUP : N03

HẢI PHÒNG – 2019

CONTENT

INTRODUCTION 2

CHAPTER 1: LAW AND THEORY 3

1.1.Law 3

1.1.1 National law 3

1.1.2 International law 4

1.2.Theory 6

1.2.1 Definition 7

1.2.2 Other definition 9

Chapter 2: Cargo and transport route 14

2.1 Cargo 14

2.1.1 Characteristics of cargo 14

2.1.2 Packing 15

2.1.3 Packing cargo in container 18

2.2 Transport route 19

2.2.1 Departure point and destination point 19

2.2.2 Route design 21

Chapter 3: IMPLEMENT FORWARDING PROCESS 22

3.1 Diagram 22

3.2 Describe each step of the process 24

3.3 Set up forwarding contract 32

CHAPTER 4: PROBLEM AND SOLUTION 37

4.1 Problems 37

INTRODUCTION

Along with the economic development, international trade and globalization, the exchange and purchase of goods between countries is becoming more and more active Once the buyer and the seller have signed the contract, the process of

exchanging the goods takes place, ie the movement of goods from the seller to the buyer The forwarder will be responsible for ensuring that the shipment proceeds smoothly and that the goods are delivered to the purchaser safely, on time and on site From just doing some simple tasks such as loading and unloading,

warehousing, paperwork, domestic transportation, payment for goods according to the development of time, due to the demand of real With the increasing role of forwarders, they have provided full package services for the transport and

distribution of goods, becoming major carriers Moreover, today forwarders tend tobecome logistics service providers, a higher development of forwarding services

In Vietnam, although the new forwarding service has only really grown over the last 10 years, progress has been made The opening up of the economy has led to the development of commercial activities, and trade with the countries is a

precondition for the development of our forwarding industry Vietnam's forwardershave changed dramatically in terms of both quantity and quality, the scope of supply of products and services has also increased, and forwarding business has become a important dominant sector in our economy

CHAPTER 1: LAW AND THEORY

1.1.Law

1.1.1 National law.

a Commercial law 2005 about logistics service:

Article 233: Logistics service

Article 234: Conditions about logistics service business

Article 235: Rights and obligations of traders providing logistics services

Article 236: Rights and obligations of customers

Article 237: Exemption from liability for traders providing logistics services

Article 238: Limitation of liability

Article 239: Ownership and disposition

Article 240: Rights and obligations of traders providing logistics services whenowned goods

b Maritime law 2005:

From Article 74 to Article 97 has been stipulated about rights and obligations ofcarrier, responsibility of carrier and all contents related to documents in the process

of ocean transport, time to complaint,…

c Other related law

Customs law of 2014 about customs brokerage, Road traffic Law 2015, BusinessLaw 2005,…

d Principles.

- Principle 140/2007/NĐ-CP 5/9/2007: Specify in detail the Commercial law

on conditions of business logistics service and limitation of responsibility oftraders This principle stipulated clearly about range and object of regulation,conditions of business; limitation of responsibility; State management of logisticsservice business

- Principle 87/2009/NĐ-CP 29/10/2009 about multimodal transport

- Principle 154/2005/NĐ-CP 15/12/2005 stipulated clearly about some article

of Custom law No 29/2001/QH10 29/6/2001, Law amending and supplementing anumber of articles of Custom law No 42/2005/QH11 14/6/2005 about customprocedures, customs inspection and supervision

- Principle 187/2013/NĐ-CP of National Assembly: specify in detail aboutenforcing commercial law on international merchandise trade and agent activities

of buying, selling, processing and transiting goods abroad

- Principle 194/2010/TT-BTC 6/12/2010 Guide on customs procedures:import tax, export tax, tax administration of import/export goods

- Principle 115/2007/NĐ-CP 05/07/2007 of National Assembly: Conditions ofocean transport business

- Principle 172/2010/TT-BTC issued by Ministry of Finance stipulated therates, the regime of remittance, management and use of charges and fees in thecustoms domain

1.1.2 International law.

a FIATA’s standard business conditions

The association of member states of FIATA, based on the standard businessconditions, drafts the standard business conditions for its own association Ingeneral, the standard business conditions of the countries have some main contents

as follows:

- The forwarder must carry out the assignment with due diligence anddiligence as directed by the customer in order to protect the interests of thecustomer and consider it to be the interests of the forwarder itself

- The forwarder is released from liability if the forwarder encountersdifficulties arising not the fault or negligence of the forwarder and the forwardercan not be avoided after having taken the necessary measures to prevent and limitlosses In any case, the forwarder is entitled to receive remuneration as agreedupon in the contract and the customer must pay all costs incurred in this situation

- The forwarder performs the contract in accordance with the instructions ofthe customer If the instruction is inaccurate, incomplete or not in accordance withthe contract, the forwarder will act in the manner that is most appropriate to thecost and risk the customer incurs

- Unless otherwise agreed, the forwarder may not have to inform the customer

of the arrangement for the carriage of goods above or below the deck and theselection or replacement of the means of transport, the route and the procedures inloading, unloading, storage and transportation of goods

- In the course of performance of the contract, if the forwarder encountersdifficulties arising not the fault or negligence of the forwarder and the forwardercan not be avoided after having taken the necessary measures to prevent and limitlosses, The forwarder may waive the contract of carriage and, if possible, deliverthe goods to the customer at the safest and most convenient location without being

liable for his breach In any case, the forwarder is entitled to receive remuneration

as agreed upon in the contract and the customer must pay all costs incurred in thesituation

b International maritime conventions

- The 1924 Hague Rule and the Protocols 1968 and 1979

- Hamburg Rules 1978

- Rotterdam 2010

- International Convention on Multimodal Transport

- Convention on the Contract for the International Carriage of Goods by Road(CMR – 1956)

- The International Convention for the unification of certain rules relating toBills of Lading (Hague - Visby)

- United Nations Convention on the Carriage of Goods by Sea (HamburgRules 1978)

- The 'United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Carriage

of Goods Wholly or Partly by Sea' (Rotterdam Rules)

- UNCTAD/ICC 91: UNCTAD/ICC Rules about Multimodal transport(Forwarders and MTO voluntarily apply)

- Framework Agreement of the ASEAN countries signed in Laos in 2005.(Vietnam has ratified the agreement on November 17, 2005)

- Government Decree 87.89 of the multimodal transport

1.2.Theory.

1.2.1 Definition.

a Forwarding

FIATA defines: "Freight Forwarding and Logistic Services" means services of anykind relating to the carriage (performed by single mode or multimodal transportmeans), consolidation, storage, handling, packing or distribution of the Goods aswell as ancillary and advisory services in connection therewith, including but notlimited to customs and fiscal matters, declaring the Goods for official purposes,procuring insurance of the Goods and collecting or procuring payment ordocuments relating to the Goods Freight Forwarding Services also includelogistical services with modern information and communication technology inconnection with the carriage, handling or storage of the Goods, and de facto totalsupply chain management These services can be tailored to meet the flexibleapplication of the services provided

So that we can understand forwarding has the following characteristics:

• Forwarding is an economic activity related to transport activities aimed atbringing goods to the destination safely

• Forwarding is a service related to transportation but isn’t a transport party

• Forwarding is a collection of operations related to the transport process, forthe purpose of transporting goods from the place of dispatch to the place of receipt

b Forwarder: a person or company that arranges shipping and customsdocuments for several shipments from different companies, putting them together

to form one large shipment

c Shipper: Consignor, exporter, or seller (who may be the same or differentparties) named in the shipping documents as the party responsible for initiating ashipment, and who may also bear the freight cost.

d Carrier: Company that transports goods and/or people by air, land, or sea, inits own or chartered vessels or equipment, and is named as the carrier in thecontract of carriage

e A shipping line is a business that operates ships that it may or may not own.That mean arrange the all movements from port to port , organizes all trafficsnavigation in sea ports

f Forwarding process demonstrates the coordination between the partiesinvolved, specially the role of forwarder at this process, to deliver the goods safelyfrom the consignor to the consignee

g FCL stands for "Full Container Load", which is used in the internationalshipping industry for the export and import of ocean freight The term is often used

to describe an international maritime service designed for ocean freight shipments

of goods that an exporter or importer uses exclusively of a shipping container(usually a 20ft or 40ft container) Freight containers by sea are usually loaded andstamped at the base and then transported by a combination of sea, rail and/or road

to the final destination

h CY – Container Yard is a place within a port or terminal where containersare stored before it is loaded on the ship in the case of exports or offloaded fromthe ship in the case of imports

i LCL stands for "Less than Container Load," which means less than onecontainer This term describes how the goods are transported when the owner ofthe goods does not have enough goods to cover the entire container, but needs to

be paired with several lots of other owners At that time, the service company willcombine multiple lots of goods (LCL) shipments, sorted, classified and packed intocontainers, and then arranged for shipment from the port of destination to thedestination port Such combinations are called consolidation or consolidation

j CFS – Container Freight Station: After arriving at the destination port, LCLcargo is taken to a container freight station (CFS) to be deconsolidated; after that,it’s loaded into a truck and transported to the final destination The CFS charges afee for this deconsolidation service, based on the volume of the cargo

k A container is any receptacle or enclosure for holding a product used instorage, packaging, and shipping Things kept inside of a container are protected

by being inside of its structure The term is most frequently applied to devicesmade from materials that are durable and are usually at least partly rigid Intransportation, container means a large cargo-carrying standard-sized container thatcan be loaded from one mode of transport to another

• Work with Lines/NVOCCs to check the frequency, freight rates, charges andsurcharges to inform customers, under pressure to cover all slots/sales targets withshipping lines in order to give good price from shipping line

• Make transactions, negotiate with customers with the goal is selling goods.Can go out, meet directly with guests at workshops, warehouses, offices, factories

or overseas, fair take care to old customers, expand new customers market

• When has orders, coordinate the parts to handle the flow smoothly, handlethe trouble if any, update information about the carrying goods to theshippers/consignee

b Documents position

• Make import-export documents for shipments from the sales department

• Handle import-export documents to help customers if the client hiredforwarder do: Invoice, Packing list, C/O, Other certificates, permits, quality control

• Support sales/documents department handle documents for the import shipments, check ETA

export-• Support other departments, or follow the requirements

d Operator

• Receive export documents from the sales/documents department and go topay taxes, customs clearance of goods or goods (imported goods) at thedepartment, ICD, port, airport

• Receive records and requests from the sales/documents department to makedocuments such as C/O, Fumi, Phyto, license, certification or to inspect

• Customs clearance or support documents apartment to do this whenrequired

1.2.2.2 Relevant documents

Sale Contract is the agreement of the buyer and the seller in two differentcountries, which stipulates that the seller must provide the goods and deliver thedocuments related to the goods and the ownership of the goods to the buyer and thebuyer must pay for the goods

A Bill of lading is a contract of carriage between the shipper and the steamshipcompany (carrier) It is issued by the carrier to the shipper

Packing List is one of the indispensable documents of export documents On thepacking list, the seller indicates what the seller sells to the buyer, so that the buyercan check whether it is the same as the order placed

Booking is an important procedure in the shipping process for exports Booking isthe booking of goods with the international shipping company (import and export

cargo) Customers usually take this booking from the forwarder (carrier) that theclient cooperates with or get directly from the carrier, the airline, but this case isnot common Shippers contact the shipping agent, shipping agent or captain andmake Booking note for reservation on the ship Reservation is only available onliner shipment, which regularly operating on a fixed shipping route and on apredetermined route schedule.

Commercial Invoice is the seller's request that the buyer pay the amount stated onthe invoice

Arrival notice is a detailed notice of the shipping company, shipping agent orlogistics company informing you of the schedule (Port of departure, port ofdestination), the time (the date the shipment originated, the date of arrival of theconsignment), the quantity, type of goods (FCL or LCL), the weight of goods, thename of the ship, the voyage of the consignment that your company importsfrom abroad

The delivery order is the receipt of the goods that the importing enterprise shallreceive the goods to the warehouse inspection agency (the port of arrival) before itcan take the goods out of the container, warehouses or yards

Certificate of Origin: a document issued by a manufacturer or a competentauthority (Industrial and Commercial Office or VCCI) to confirm the place ofproduction or commodity extraction

Certificate of Quality: A certificate of authenticity and proof of quality andquantity of goods in accordance with the terms of the contract The qualitycertificate may be issued by the supplier or may be issued by an import-exportagency, depending on the agreement between the buyer and the seller

A debit note or debit memorandum (memo) is a commercial document issued by abuyer to a seller as a means of formally requesting a credit note A seller mightalso issue a debit note instead of an invoice in order to adjust upwards the amount

of an invoice already issued (as if the invoice is recorded in wrong value) Debitnotes are generally used in business-to-business transactions Such transactionsoften involve an extension of credit, meaning that a vendor would send a shipment

of goods to a company before the goods have been paid for Although real goodsare changing hands, until an actual invoice is issued, real money is not Rather,debits and credits are being logged in an accounting system to keep track ofinventories shipped and payments owed

CHAPTER 2: CARGO AND TRANSPORT ROUTE

2.1 Cargo

2.1.1 Characteristics of cargo

Name of goods: Pipe F34,L1800

HS Code: 73181990

Commodity description: steel is produced in the shape of a square tube, with a thickness of 0.6 mm and a size of 34x1800mm Outstanding features such as: low price, good bearing, durable over time, easy to install Square steel pipes are widely used to make materials such as:

 House frame, truck frame

 Making scaffolding, foundation structure for construction works

 Interior components for cars, motorcycles

The steel is composed of iron (CU), carbon (Ca), sulfur (S), phosphorus (P) The steel is coated with zinc to slow oxidation

Non-common types

2.1.2 Packing

stored directly into the container of a container truck without elaborate packaging But to keep goods in the container, the packaging process still needs to follow certain rules

Some notes when packing goods:

When loading and unloading, they must be in equilibrium to avoid unbalance ofgravity

Use steel straps to fasten goods: Steel straps are wires made from specialized steelthat are tough, good strength, low carbon intensity, cold rolled so less elastic andproduced with pepper Strict standards meet the belt tension requirements Steelstraps are specialized materials for strapping goods, especially for heavy goodssuch as rolled steel pipes, to protect the safety of goods and users.

Use wooden boards to cover the floor of the trunk, filling the remaining gaps in thecontainer.

Due to the characteristics of 1800mm square iron pipes and square pipes, beforebeing loaded onto container trucks, the iron pipes will be tied with steel straps withthe number of 25 pipes / 1 bundle of 72 bundles, the size of 1 bundle :350x350x1800 (mm)

The iron pipes will be arranged in parallel and stacked together to form largesquares, not arranged in bundles that are too high and need to be lined up todistribute gravity evenly to avoid a gravity imbalance

2.1.3 Packing cargo in container

Checking cotainer: make sure the inside of the container is dry and clean so thatwhen the cargo does not deviate from the channel, push aside, the iron pipe willnot rust

2.2 Transport route

2.2.1 Departure point and destination point

 Export’s warehouse at Dong Anh Town District, Hanoi, Vietnam

 Distance to next transportation point: 131 km

 Means of transport: container truck

 Transit time: 1 hour 47 minutes