Chuyển dịch cơ cấu kinh tế vùng đồng bằng sông Hồng trong bối cảnh biến đổi khí hậu

Bài viết Chuyển dịch cơ cấu kinh tế vùng đồng bằng sông Hồng trong bối cảnh biến đổi khí hậu trình bày nội dung về tập trung phân tích các điều kiện thực tế và từ đó đưa ra những giải pháp để thực hiện các mục tiêu đã đề ra cho giai đoạn tiếp theo trong điều kiện tác dộng của biến đổi khí hậu (BĐKH). Trong thời gian tới, vùng ĐBSH cấn thực hiện đồng bộ các giải pháp chung,... Mời các bạn cùng tham khảo.

KIHHNGHl|MTH'"^TiFM CHUYEN DICH CdcXu KINH Tg ^ ^ ] CHUYEN DjCH Cd CAU KINH TE VUNG D N G BANG S O N G HONG TRONG BOI CANH BIEN DO! KHf HAU Tdmt^t ^**^°* Quang Hirdng* ViingDdng bdngsdngHdng (DBSH) cd quy 15.000 km^, chiem 4,5% difnti'chcua ca nudc, md GDP dung thu hai cd nu&c Mac dii ca ttdi rpng tCr vT 21°34'B (huyfn Lgp Thgch) cdu Mnh ti vung DBSH th&i gian qua dd chuyin tdi viing bai bdi khodng 19''5'B (huyfn Kim dich dung hu&ng, nhicng vdi tinh hinh th&i tiit Son), tii 105°17'D (huydn Ba Vi) din 107°7'D cgc doan, biin ddi thdt thuang vdi tdn sudt ngdy (ttdn ddo Cat Bd), dugc chia cat bdi nhiiu huydt cdng gia tang dd dnh hu&ng l&n tai s^ tdng mach ciia cd nudc La noi tgp tiimg nhieu tru&ng vd phdt triin cua cdc khu vuc Mnh ti phd, nhieu tinh vdi nhidu khu cdng nghiep vd viing Bdi viet tap trungphdn tich cdc diiu dac bift, ttong cd vj the la thu dd, trung tdm Men thiec ti vd tic dua nhihig gidiphdp di kinh te, chinh tri ciia cd n u d c thuc hi^n cdc mue tieu dd di cho giai dogn Thuc trang co cau kinh te va chuyen tiip theo diiu Men tde ddng cua biin ddi dich ca cdu kinh ti vimg d6ng b^ng sdng hdu (BDKH) Trong thai gian t&i, viing Hdng bdi canh biin dSi hdu DBSH cdn thgc hi$n ddng bd cdc gidi phdp 1.1 Quy md vd tic dp tdng tru&ng kink ti chung nhu: tdng cu&ng nhgn thiec cua cdc cdp, Vung D^ng bdng sdng Hdng (DBSH) cd quy cdc ngdnh vd nhdn ddn ve BDKH; rd sodt vd md GDP dung thii 2ttongcd nudc chi sau viing dieu ehinh quy hogch phdt triin cdc ngdnh Ddng Nam bd Ddn nam 2012, viing DBSH vung; Thu hui vdn ddu tu vd ngodi ddng gdp 23,5% GDP cd nude So vdi nam nu&e nhdm xdy dung ca s& hg tdng vd eac biin 2002, GDP da tdng gap 6,52 Idn DBSH la vimg phdp gidm nh?, thich ung vdi BDKH; tdng phdt triin manh vd dich vy, cdng nghifp cu&ng ddu tuphdt trien khoa hgc vd cdng ngh$; T6c dp tang trudng GDP cua vimg DBSH khd ddo tgo ngudn nhdn luc chdt lugng cao cao va dn dinh, ludn cao hon so vdi miic trung Tis khda: Chuyin dich ca cdu kinh ti, diiu bhih cda ca nudc Giai doan 2002 - 2007 tdc dp tang trudng GDP cua viing dat 11,4% (cd nudc chinh quy hoach, ddng bang sdng Hong, biin Id 7,6%),ttongdd mure tang trung binh cua cdng ddi hgu nghiep - xdy dung la 15,8%, cua ndng - lam nghiep - thuy sdn la 4,8%, ciia dich vy la 11,1% D^tvande Ddng bdng sdng Hdng (hay chau thd song Budc sang giai doan 2007 - 2012, tdc dp Sng Hdng) id m0t vvmg ddt r^ng Idn ndm q u ^ khu trudng bbh quan cua vung tang Idn 0,8% so vdi vuc hg luu sdng Hdng thuOc miin Bdc Vift giai doan trudc, dgt 12,2%, ttong dd, cdng Nam, viing ddt bao gdm 10 tinh vd phd nghifp-xay dyng giam xudng 14,8% (gidm nhu: Vmh Phiic, Hd NOi, Bdc Ninh, Ha Nam, 1,0%) Ngugc Igi, dich vu Igi tang len, dat Hung Ydn, Hai Duong, Hdi Phdng, Thai Btiih, 12,5% (tang 1,4%) va ndng - ldm - tiii}; sdn Nam Dinh, Ninh Binh Gan nhu ddng nghia vdi gidm xudng cdn 3,6% Vdi quy md Idn va tdc dp ddng bdng sdng Hdng Id vung trung chau, khde tang trudng kha cao ndn ddng gdp cua vimg vdi viing ch^i niii trung du va niii cao thupng DBSH vao tdng trudng GDP cua cd nudc la khd du Khdng gidng nhu viing ddng bing sdng Cihi Idn Tinh chung giai doan 2002-2012, vimg ndy Long, cdctinhttongvung ddng bdng song Hdng ddng gdp tdi 24,4% gia tri tang tnrdng GDP ciia chi cd tmh Thdi Bhih vd Hung Ydn Id khdng cd cd nudc Diiu gdp phdn quan ttpng ttong n6i, do khu vyc thudng dugc gpi la chau vide khdn^ dinh vai ttd va vi the ciia viing ttong thd sdng Hdng Vdi difn tich ddng bdng la tdng the nen kinh te qudc gia *Ph?m Quang Hirdng, B§ Th6ng tin vi Truyen thdng 8^65(1+2/2015) QUAHLtKINHTf E3 f n m KlNHNBHieWTHIfCTliH CHUYEN D|CH Cd cXu KINH TE Bangl GDP va GDP/nguM vung DBSH giai doan 2002-2012 NSm 2007 Nam 2012 I«ram2fl02 194.145 567.123 88.452 20.8 22.5 4.94 10.70 S6,4 100,0 % so vdri ci nudc Ngufe: TSng hgp tir nien g i m Mng ke cSc tinh, thinh ving DBSH nim 2003- 2013 va tinh toin cija tic g rhlti"! Trong su6t giai doan 2002-2012, mac du quy manh cua viing Dilu cho thjy viing c6 mo va tec de tang tniong kinh t6 kha cao, t6c nhi6u han chS bdi nhiSu cdc nguyen nhan khach tang dan sa du(ic kh6ng ch8 it miic thdp va en quan va chu quan khde Day la van de cdn dinh, song vai quy m6 va mat dp AStn s6 dong duoc quan tam nhiSu hon nfta, dong thai e§n co n6n GDP binh quan d k nguai ciia vung DBSH nhung gidi phdp mang tinh khd thi nhdm phdt CO tang nhung nhin chung vdn thap hon mitc huytiemnang thd manh ciia viing ban nira ttong trung bmh cila cd nudc tir 4,94 tridu ddng/ngudi nhimg giai d o ^ tidp theo 1.2 Thuc trgng chuyin dich cacdu Mnh ti nam 2002 (ca nudc 5,8 trieu ddng/ngudi) len Nhiing nam vua qua, co cau kinh te viing 10,7 tridu ddng/ngudi nam 2007 (cd nudc la DBSH chuydn dich theo hudng tdng ddn ty 10,5 tridu d6ng/ngudi) Tuy nhien ddn nam ttpng khu vuc cdng nghidp xay dung vd dich vu, 2012, GDP/ngudi cua vung DBSH da vucft Idn, cao hon miic trung binh cua cd nuoc dat 28,1 gidm ddn tf ttpng khu vuc ndng lam thuy san; trieu ddng/ngudi (cd nudc 23,7 tridu ttong vdn tri tdc dd tang truong cua tdt cd cdc khu vuc va cac ngdnh kinb te Do Id su ddng/ngudi) (Bdng I) Nhu v$y, nhin chung viing DB SH la vung cd chuydn dich co cdu kmh td diing hudng, phii th\rc l\rc va trinh dp phdt trien kinh te khd ban so hpp vdi yeu cdu ddy m^inh CNH, HDH Tuy vdi nhieu viing ttong cd nudc Tuy vay, qud nhien, ttong sudt hon 10 ndm phat tridn (2002trinh phdt tri^n ttong giai doan 2002-2012 cho 2012), toe dp chuyen dich ca cdu ldnh te khu thay quy md vd tdc dp tang trudng cua viing v\rc viing DBSH vdn cdn chdm, so vdi muc DBSH cdn chua tuong xung vditiemnang llid tidu klho^ch dat Bdng Ca c^u kinh t^ (GDP) viing DBSH va cd nud'c giai doan 2002-2012 Cong nghi&p Ndng, lam nghiep Dichvu vk thuy san va xay d^ng DBSH Ca nuac DBSH Cinudc DBSH CanucSc 2002 20.3 38.63 23.03 38.8 38.49 43.9 2003 19.6 22.54 38.9 39.47 43.1 38.43 2004 18.4 21.81 39a 40.21 43.8 37.99 2005 16.2 20.97 39.0 40.02 44.4 37.98 2006 15J 20.40 39,4 41.54 44,2 38.01 2007 14.0 20,34 42,2 38,06 41,48 43,8 2008 13.9 22,10 38,18 43,2 39,73 42,9 2009 13.0 20.9 44,0 40,24 43,0 38,85 2010 12J 20,6 45,0 41,93 41,63 42,8 2011 12,0 22,0 45,4 37,20 40,80 42,6 2012 11,8 21,9 37,71 45,6 41,10 42,9 02/12 (+/-) -8,5 6,8 -0,92 -1,4 2,61 -1.0 Ngu6n:T6ng hpp tir nien giim th6ng ke cac tinh, ph6 vung DBSH vi Vi^t Nam giai d09n 2003-2013 vi tinh tt)in cua tic giiNam NSu nhu khu vuc nong ldm ngu nghiep chiem ty trong_ld 20,3% vao nam 2002, thi d6n nam 2012 vdn chiSm tdi 11,8% (ed nuijc la 21,9%).Khuvuce6ngnghi$pvaxdydmignam 2002 chiem 38,8% t6ng gid tri sdn phdm xd hgi todn vung, dSn ndm 2012 cflng chi tang EZ3 QUANLtKINHlC them 6,8%, chiSm ty trgng 45,6% (cd nu6c la 41,1%),Ddcbi$t,khuv\icdichvuljigidm;nam 2002 chiSm ty hrijng 43,9%, nhung dfa nam 2012 lai gidm xu6ng chiSm ty trgng 42,9% (gidm 1,0%) frong t6ng gid tti san phdm xa hOi todnviing(xembdng2) Sfi 65(1+2/20151 GHUYJN DjCH CO cXu KINH TE Tu nghidn ciiu th\rctidn,phantichthvc ttgng chuydn djch co cau kmh td a viing DBSH thdi ky 2002-2012 cd thd nit mdt so nhan xdt khdi qudt sau day: - Trong thdi gian qua co cdu kinh td vimg DBSH cd su chuy^ dich theo hudng tang din ty ttpng nhdm ngdnh cdng nglii$p - xay dung (38,8%nam20021dn45,6%nam2012)vdgidm hhp tf ttpng nhdm nganh dich vvi (tii 43,9 nam 2002 xudng cdn 42,9% nam 2012) Xu hudng chuydn dich ca bdn phii hpp vdi m\ictiduvd djnh hudng chuydn dich co cdu kinh td ciia viing - Xu hudng tang trudng va chuyin djch ca cau ttong thdi gian qua mang tinh d^c thu ciia mdt vimg cdtiemnang ndi ttpi cho phdt tridn du lich, thuy san vd do keo theo su phdt tridn ciia ngdnh cdng n^hi$p che bien thyc phdm, cdng nghiep sdn xuat hdngtidudimg, hang mS' ngh$ vaddluuni^m - Co cdu npi bd nganh ndng, ldm nghidp cdn chua hpp ly vd chuyen djch cdn chdm, chua dp dung duac nhidu tuu khoa hpc ky thudt vdo sdn xudt, ddc bidt la dp dung cac gidng cdy ttdng, vat nudi mdi vdo ttong sdn xuat nhdm thich ling vdi BDKH Sdn xuat chii yeu tap trung vao luang th\rc va cdc loai rau dau, gia vi; cdc tidm nang phat trien cac loai cay cdng nghiep, cay an qud, phdt triln chan nudi chua dupc khai thac ddy diu, hcrp ly, dd tang trudng thdp Didu dd ddi hdi ttong thdi gian tdi phdi cd nhihig gidi phdp tich c\rc de phdt trien ndng, ldm nghiep mpt each todn didn - M|c du CO cdu kinh td vimg DB SHttonggiai doan 2002-2012 chuydn dich diing hudng da dinh, nhung vdi tinh huih thdi tidt eye doan, bidn ddi that thudng vdi tin sudt cdng gia tang ttong sudt giai doan da dnh hudng Idn tdi SIT tdnp trudng vd phdt trien cua cdc khu v\rc kinh te Didu na^ ddn tdi tdc dp chuydn dich c h ^ ch?ip, ca cdu kinh td vdn chua dat nhu kf vpng - Mpt s6 ngdnh cdng nghiep chd bidn, du lich, thuy san cd toe dp tdng trudng nhanh nhung quy md cdn hdt siic nhd bd so vdi tiem nang phdt ttidn cua vimg Dd hudng tdi xdy dung mpt co 8^85(1+2/2015) KINHNGHllMTMiftTilM ^ ^ J cau kinh td hpp ly, hidn dai thich dng vdi BDKH cdn cd su ddu tu thoa dang de phat trien cdc nganh tuong xiing vditiemnang the manh ciia nd Ben cgnh dd, cdn cd sy hdttptich cue de phat trien cdc ngdnh cdng nghi$p cd trinh dp khoa hpc cdng nghd cao nhu: co chd tao, dipn tii -tinhpc, che bien thuc phdm, dd udng, det, may, da gidy ttd thdnh nhimg nganh cdng nghidp manhttongtuong lai - Mpt so n^anh cdng nghiep che bien, du Ijch, thuy sdn cd tdc dp tang trudng nhanh nhung quy md bet siic nho bd so vdi tidm nang phdt tridn ciia viing De hudng tai xay dyng mpt ca cdu kinh te hop ly, hi?n dai thich ung vdi BDKH can cd sy diu tu thod ddng dd phdt tridn cdc nganh tuong xun^ vditidmndng thd manh cua nd Bdn canh dd, cdn cd sy hdttptichcue de phat tridn cdc ngdnh cdng nghipp cd trinh dp khoa hpc cdng nghe cao nhu: ca che tao, didn tft - tin hpc, che bien thyc phdm, dd udng, det, may, da giay ttd nhiing ngdnh cdng nghiep manhttongtuong Iai 2.Cdc giai phap chuydn dich ca cau kinh te viing DBSH thfch ihig vol BBKH Nhiing tuu ciia cdng cudc ddi mdi vira qua da vd dang tao the vd lyc mdi cho chang dudng phdt trien tiep theo ciia viing DBSH Ndng cao hieu qud ddu tu vd dp dung tien bd khoa hpc ky thudt ttong cac nganh san xudt thich ling vdi BDKH la dinh hudng co bdn cho sy chuyen dich ca cau kinh td cua viing ttong thdi gian tdi Dya vdo didu kidn thyc td ciia vimg DB SH vd dd thyc hi^n cdc muc tidu dd dd cho giai doan tidp theo, ttong thdi gian tdi, vimg DBSH cdn thyc hidn d6ng bo cdc gidiphdp sau: 2.1 Nhom gidiphdp chung chuyen dich cff cdu kinh ti viing DBSH thich tingv&iB£>KH 2.1.1 Tdng cu&ng nhgn thuc cda eac cdp, cdc ngdnh vd nhdn ddn ddi v&i BDKH Nhu da phantichdtten,tdc ddng ciia BDKH ddi vdi cdc nganh sau xult vimg DBSH ttong nhung nam qua la rit Idn, ldm cdn ttd qud tiinh chuyen dich co cdu kinb te ciia viing theo muc tidu da dinh Mac du ttong nhiing ndm qua QUANUKINHI^ E • jjulj ifiHHNBHIEMTHirtTliM CHUYEN DICH CO CAU KINH TE Chinh phu dd tang cudng diu tu vdn, nhan lyc lien quan den quy hogch, bo tri Igi cdc ngdnh sdn va cdc bien phdp nhdm gidm nhe va thich ihig xudt, cdc khu cdng nghipp ven bidn, dgc bi$t vdi BDKH, nhung vdn cdn qua it so vdi yeu cau n^anh ndng nghidp cdn tdp trung quy hogch cdy Trong dd, didn bidn cua BDKH ngdy cang ttdng, vat nudi mdi phu hpp vdi didu ki$n phiic tap vd nguy hiem Vi vay, ndng cao nhdn BDKH nhdm khai thdc, tgn dung cdc ngudn lyc thiic cho cdc cdp, cdc nganh sdn xuat vd nhan dd six dyng hi$u qud tdi nguyen dit, didu kien ty dan vd nhimg dnh hudng to Idn ciia BDKH nhidn cua viing ttong phdng chdng vd thich iing vdi cdc dieu De chuyen dich ca cdu kinh te ciia vimg hi$n kidn bdt thudng cuatiiditidtla rat quan ttpng nay, cdc nganh sdn xudt va cdc khu cdng nghiep Thdng tin ndy cd thd dupc chuyen den cdc hd cdn quy hogch tap tnmg d nhung nai cd cdt ndn ndng dan thdng qua he thdng truydn thanh, cao, ddc bidt quy hogch mdt sd gi6ng cay cdng tniydn hinh, bao chi, td roi O cdp huydn, xd, nghiep, cay an qud, cay luong thyc, rau dgu thdn, thdng tin cd the tuyen truydn thdng cd khd ndng chiu hgn, ngdp lut ttong thdi gian qua hd thdng loa phdt thanh, cac cudc hpp thdn, ddi, ndn tap trung quy hoach cdc vimg sdn xult xdm, doan the va phdittdthanh mpt phan ttpng theo chuyen mdn hoa ddi vdi cdc sdn phim ttong cac ke hoach thudng nidn cua cac cdp Trong ngdnh ndng nghiep phai tdng nhanh nang thdn, xa cua cdc dia phuongttongvdng Ddy la suit !ao ddng vd ndng sudt nipng ddt, tdng ty mpt bien phap quantipnggiiip cdc hp ndng dan tipng cdc cdyttdngkhde, nhdt Id cdc cdy h^ng cd the ty tun phuang thirc sdn xudt, chuydn cd gia tri kinh te cao vd cd khd nang thich iing dich CO can cdyttdngv^t nudi nhim giam nhe vdi BDKH va thich ung vdi BDKH dac bi$t la bao, lu, han Ben cgnh quy hogch ngdnh, viing cin kdt hpp hdn vd nude bidn ddng long ghdp vdi quy hogch thiiy lpi, giao thdng, 2.1.2 Rd sodt vd dieu chinh quy hogch phdtnang lupng va cdc ca sd tdng cho viec triin ede ngdnh, dgc biet la ngdnh ndng nghiipgidm nh? tac ddng cua BDKH va thich ling vdi cua cdc diaphuong vimg BDKH ttong cac kd hogch sdn xudt cua cdc Hi^n cdc ngdnh sdn xudt ddu phdi chiu tac nganh vd ciia cac diaphuong viing DBSH dpng cua BDKH, dac bipt Id ngdnh ndng nghi&p Trong nhirng nam qua nhidutidnbd vd khoa chju sy chi phdi rdt Idn ciia didu kidn ty nhien hpc ky thudt da dugc dp dyng cho cdc ngdnh san mdi nudc, mdi vimg thi didu ki^n ty nhidn lai rit xudt vung DBSH nhu cdc cdng nghe chl bidn, khde Vi vdy phdi sodt va hoan thien quy sdn xudt hidn dai,tietIdem nang lupng vd gidm hoach cdc vitiig kmh td, cdng nghidp, dich vu vd thdi gdy hipu iing nha kinhttongngdnh cdng ndng nghi^ phii hpp didu kien tu idtien va didn nghiei) Dgc bidt ddi vdi nganh ndng nghidp la bidn cua BDKH d m6i viing vd dia phuang cac gidng cdyttdngvat nudi vd cac md hinh da ttong vimg DBSHtiiangtiinggiai doan dang hod cdy trdng thich ling vdi BDKH Quy hoach cdc ngdnh sdn xudtttongtit cd cac Vi vdy, quy hogch nganh, lmh vyc kit hpp lihh vyc Id co sd hoach dinh ehidn luyc phdt long ghdp vdi quy hogch thuy lpi, giao thdng, tiidn vd xdy dyng kd hogch ddu tu ca sd tdng nang lupng Id co sd dd hogch djnh chiln lupc tiu'ch ung vdi BDKH cua v^g Rd sodt bd sung phdt triln vd xdy dyng kd hoach ddu tu phat triln vd didu chinh quy hogch ndng nghifp, cdng kinh tl cua viing, giiip cho vi$c xdc djnh co clu nghidp vd djch vu cua viing hi dd xdc djnh kinh te phii hpp vd cd co sd khoa hpc Tir cd hudng chuydn djch co clu kinh th phii hpp vdi thd dly nhanh vd hoan thi$n qud ttinh chuyin can Cli quy hogch Day la gidi phdp ddu tien djch CO clu kinh tl vimg DBSH mot cdch cd quantipngnhdt dd chuydn dich ca clu kmh td hipuqua tiiich dng vdi BDKH 2.1.3 Thu hut vdn ddutu vd ngodi nic&c Viectidnhanh sodt quy hogchttongnhiing nhdm xdy dgng cas&hg tdng vd cdc bi$nphdp nam tdi cdntidnhdnh diluti^bd sung ngudn lyc gidm nhf, thich icng v&i BDKH M mhiiUmii Stf 65 n+2/2015) CHUYJN DjCH CO CJiU KINH TE KINHNGHIEMTHift^TigM ^ ^ Chmh sach ddu tu la mpt nhdn td quan ttpng lao ddng, qudn ly hien dai vd md rdng thj frong vifc thu hiit vd sir d\mg cd hieu qud vdn trudng Trong nhiing nam tdi, dl phuc vu cho dau tu Vi vdy, ttong qud trinh chuyen djch co myc tieu chuydn djch co cdu kinh td va thich cdu kinh td thich dng vdi BDKH phdi hoan thidn dng vdi BDKH, vimg DBSH cin chuttpngkhai chinh sach Chinh sdch diu tu bao gdm cac thac cac ngudn sau: npi dung nhu: Tgo v6n cho diu tu phat triln, +Ngu^n vdn ddu tu tdp trung tii ngdn sdch nhd dieu chinh ca clu ddu tu cho phii hpp vdi nudc chuyin djch co cdu kinh tl, xdy dyng he thdng +Ngudn vdn ty cd ciia cac doanh nghiep cdnh bdo sdm va ca sd tdng nhdm gidm nhp + Huy ddng vdn ttong dan (bdng cdc chinh thidn tai vd thich ung vdi BDKH sdch, che dp hpp ly ) Tdng cudng thu hut vdn diu tu cho chuyin +Phdt trien cac hoat dpng hpp tdc qudc te, lien dich CO cdu kinh te viing DBSH thich ling vdi doanh hdn kdt kinh tl dd thu hiit v6n ddu tu tu BDKH bao gdm cd hai ngudn chinh: bdnngodi - Huy ddng vdn nu&c: Cdn cd chinh Hien nay, nhu cau ve v6n dau tu cho viec dap sdch phu hpp dd tao vdn ttong vimg, day la va phdng hd dd rdt Idn nhung ngudn ngdn sdch ngudn vdn cd y nghla quylt dinh lau ddi, dam ciia Chinh phu ddu tu cho cac dja phuong frong bdo cd du nang lyc ndi tai dl ddn nhan, lua chpn viing chua dap iing dugc so vdi yeu cau Vi vay, vd tham gia bhih ddng ttong quan he hpp tdc, huy ddng tit cd cdc ngu6n lyc tir trung uong den dau tu vdi nudc ngodi Hudng chinh cua tao vdn dja phuang vd cdc ngudn vdn nudc ngodi dd ddp ttong nudc Id phdi xay dyng ca che tidt kidm vd phdng hd de Id rdt can thidt Dac bidtttendia nang luong ttong tieu dimg dl ddu tu cho sdn ban viing DBSH dang rdt can kinh phi cua xult vd CO sd hg tdng gidm nhe thien tai va thich Trung uong va cac td chiicttongvd ngodi nudc ung vdi BDKH Ddng thdi cd bien phap tich eye de vimg cd thd dip dupc he thing de chan sdng khuydn khich, huy ddngtiennhan rdi tdt cd cdc d cdc tinh ven bilnfrongviing de dam bdo cho thdnh phdn kinh tl, mpi tdng Idp ddn cu ddnh sdn xudt vd ddi sdng cua nhdn ddn noi ddy mpt khodn kinh phi ridng de dau tu cac bien 2.1.4 Tdng cu&ng ddu tuphdt triin khoa hpc phap gidm nh? va thich iing vdi BDKH cho timg vd cdng nghi nganh, ITnh vyc san xudt Myc tieu phdt trien khoa hpc - cdng nghd cua - Huy dpng vdn nudc ngodi: Vdn ddu tu ben vimg DBSH duac xac dinh la: Phdt trien ngudn ngodi cd vj tri quanttong,nhat la ngudn ti'ch nhdn lyc khoa hpc - cdng nghe cd chdt lupng luy ttong vimg cdn thdp Dd huy ddng duac cao, cd CO cdu trinh dp, chuydn mon phii hpp vdi ngu6n von cdn dan gidn hod cdc thu tuc, tgo cdc hudng khoa hpc - cdng nghd uu tidn Phan dilu kien cho cdc nha ddu tu nudc ngoai vao lam ddu din ndm 2020, nang cao chdt lupng vd phdt viec de ddng, thudntien.Chudn bj tdt cdc dy an triln dpi ngu cdn bd khoa hpc - cdng ngh| ngang phdt tridn, cac chuang trinh ddu tu, danh muc mtic trung bmhtientidncua cac nudcttongkhu cdng trinh va cdc bidn phdp ddm bdo giam nhe vyc Phdt triln lyc luang can bd khoa hpc - cdng va thich iing vdi BDKH cu the cho cdc dy dn nghe theo hudng uutidn:dientii,tin hpc, cdng dlttanhthu ngudn vdn tin dyng ciia nudc ngodi, nghd sinh hpc, vat lieu mdi, ty ddng hda Nang vdn ODA, vay vdi lai suat uu dai cdc td chiic tai cao trinh dp, chdt lupng va hipu qud cua cac chmh quoc tl: IMF, WB,ADB ,d6ngtiiditich cdng trinh nghien ciiuttongnudc, tdng sd luong eye kdu gpi ngirdi Viet Nam d nudc ngodi diu tu vd hipu qua ciia cdc cdng trinh nghien ciiu ttong nudc, tdng sd lupng cdng trinh khoa hpc dgt vl qud huong bdnp nhidu hinh thirc \^§c thu hut ddu tu tii nudc ngodi khdng chi trinh dp qudc tl tuong duong vdi cdc nudc trung tao vdn ma cdn tao ca hdittongviec xdy dyng binh tien tien ttong khu vyc Tap trung phdt cdc h? thdng cdnh bao thien tai sdm hien dai, ddi trien khoa hpc cdng nghe co ban vd cong nghd mdi cdng nghp sdn xuat, ddo tao can bd kj thu^t, sdn pham phyc vu vide gidm nhe vd thich iing Stf 65 (1+2/2015) QUANLfKINHTf ED f!J^ "HHMBHllMTHIlETliH CHUYEN D!CH CO cXu KINH TE voi BDKH nhdm nang cao nang luc c ^ tranh nghiep, ndng njghiep chudn bi ca sd vdt chat ciia cdc san pham ehu yin Day nhanh t6e dg doi cho sy phdt tridn d giai do?n tidp theo Dau ty moi c6ng nghe vung DBSH de sdn xuat cho ddo t^o nguon nhan lyc khoa hgc - cdng hang h6a dat tieu chudn quoc t€ bdo dam sir hdi nghg c6 trinh dg cao va nhdn thiic tdt vd BDKH, nhdp vdo nen Innh te thS gidd T90 budc nhay vgt chudn bi cho cd nuac trudc mat ciing nhu lau ve cfing nghe vdi t6c tang tnrcmg vugt trgi t^i dai Ndng cao miic dau tu, h6 trg tdi chinh tii m6t s6 nganh vd ITnh vuc Ifinh doanh then chdt, ngudn ngdn sach cho viec thyc hidn cac nhidm nhdt Id nhirng san phdm vd dich vu vd chii l\rc vu qudn ly khoa hgc - cdng nghd, cac nhigm vu tren ca sd chuyen giao cdng nghe hien d^i ciia khoa hgc cdng nghe trgng didm Phdn ddu dua thi gidi nhdm thich ling vdd BDKH DSn ndm tdng muc ddu tu cho khoa hgc ~ cdng ngh$ ciia 2020 dli nang luc tiep thu, lam chii vd sir dyng viing DBSH dat3% GDPvaondm 2020 hieu qua cdng nghe hien dai dr nudc ngoai nhat Day manh hgp tdc va ngodi nuac vd la lmh vuc cdng nghe thdng tin, cdng nghe n^ien cuu khoa hgc - cdng nghg thich ling vdi sinh hgc, cdng ngh$ ty dgng hda didu kign BDKH vd nude biln ddng, tranh thii Xdy dyng vd phat trien thi tnrdng khoa hgc - sy giiip da, hd trg ciia ca nudre, cdc td chiic qudc cdng nghe, ddy manh ddi mdd ca chd vd chinh te cdc linh vuc ddo tao, qudn ly, ddi mdi sdch phdt trien khoa hgc - cdng nghe ciia cdc cdng nghd phii hgp vdd hoan cdnh mdi hi$n tinh, thdnh phd nham t^o nhu cau irng dyng cdc hudmg theo cdc myc tieu uu tien ciia vung Da tyu khoa hgc - cdng nghe phu hgp vdd ydu dang hdad6itdcvahmh thiic hgp tdc qudc tl vi cdu thich ung vdd BDKH vdo sdn xudt vd ddi khoa hgc - cdng nghe, lua chgn ddi tdc ehidn sdng, tdng cuong sy hd trg cho cac hoat dOng luge, gdn kdt giua hgp tac qudc td vd khoa hgc ling dyng tien bd khoa hgc - cdng nghe, ddi mdd cdng nghd vdd hgp tdc qudc td vd kinh tl Tranh va nang cao trinh dg cdng ngh|, phat tridn thi thu tdi da cac kdnh chuyin giao cdng ngh$ hidn tnrdng vdn, md rOng, ldng ghep quy mi ddi ddu dai tir nudc ngoai phii hgp vdd ydu cdu thich irng tu Tao mdi frudng canh tranh bmh ddng, ddy vdd BDKH, dac bidt la kenh dau tu true tilp manh cdi each doanh nghiep nhd nudc Chii nudc ngodi, hgp tdc nghidn ciiu khoa hoc - cdng ddng hOi nhdp sau kmh tS qudc td, tao siic ep nghd thiic day cdc doanh nghigp quan tdm thyc su ddn 2.1.5 Ddo tgo ngudn nhdn Itfc chat lugngcao BDKH vd cac bien phap thich ling nhdm tdng Ngudn nhdn lire la mdt nhftng nhdn td cd y hieu qua sdn xudt, kmh doanh Ddng thoi tmh nghla quylt dinh din qua trmh chuydn dich co toan higu qua lya chgn cdng nghe, ddi mai cdu kinh tltiu'chling vdi BDKH Dl cd ngudn san phdm Tridn khai cdc ca chd, chmh sach, nhdn luc chdt lugng cao, cac dia phuong quy djnh cua nha nuac, thd chd hda cdc giao vungDBSHcdnphdi: dich thi trudmg khoa hgc - cdng nghd - Ldp ke hoach ddo tao vd ddo tjo Iai dgi ngu nham ddy mjnh thuong mai hda sdn phdm khoa cdn bd qudn ly, cdn bd quan tri kinh doanh du hgc yd cdng nghg theo hudng gop vdn bdng bdn siic tiep cdn vdd nhiing tien bg mdd vl khoa hgc quySn ddi vdd sdn phdm nghien ciru hodc cdc quan ly, vl cdng nghg mdi, biet dy bdo vd nhan hmh thirc sa hftu tri tue khac thiic tdt vl BDKH dl chii dgng ling phd vdi _ Tang cudng ddu hr cho khoa hgc cdng ngh$, BDKH tap tnmg xay dyng h$ thdng phdng thi nghi$m - Xdy dyng chinh sdch ddo tao nguon lao ddng trgng diem vimg phuc vu cho hoat dgng theo hudng thuc diy chuyin dich ca cdu lao nghidn ciiu, ung dyng khoa hgc - cdng nghe ddng dap ling yeu cdu vl nhdn thiic vd ling phd hien dji, phu hgp vdi ySu cdu gidm nhe vd thich vdd BDKH tiing bd phdn ciia fit cd cdc img vdi BDKH Tdp tnmg ddu ty xay dyng cdc ngdnh sdn xudt phii hgp vdi ea cau sdn xuat vd khu cdng nghe, ky thuat cao phu hgp vai md ca cdu ddu tu ciia cac nganh Chinh sdch ndy cin hinh ciia dja phuang linh vyc cdng xdy dung theo hudng gidi quylt dao lao vi^ ES QUiNLt KINH IE CHUYJW DjCH Cfl cXu KINH T KIHH HGHllW THiffi Tieu |H^(||i| - Thdng tin cu thi vd kjp thdi vl thdi tilt, lupng ldm vd lU^in thdc vl BDKH cho mdt luc l u ^ g lao ddng Idn ndng thdn khdng cd dat canh tac mua, ndng ndng, bdo lu, bdo biln va cac hifn sir dyng dat vao myc dfch cdng nghiep nham tupng cd Uen quan: d p bao, thdi gian va dja ddy nhanh qud trinh chuydn dich ca cau lao dilm xdy bdo, cdc viing cd the bi dnh hudng, ddng ndng nghiep ndng thdn dap iing nhu cdu cdc hifn tupng cd Ken quan nhu mua, lii, nang chuyin djch co clu kinh tl ciia vimg DBSH ndng, han hdn vd cdc bifn phdp phdng ch6ng cy tiiich ling vdi BDKH Vung DBSH cd thi dly till nhanh phdt trien cdc khu cdng nghiep tap tnmg Thichai,diiu chinh ca cdu cd^ trdng, vgt nudi vdi cdng ngh? cao dd thu hiit cdng nhdn bgc cao vd thdi vu phil hgp v&i yeu cdu thich icng vai ben ngoai vao vimg, dly mgnh cym cong nghipp BDKH viia vd nhd va cac cum cdng nghifp lang nghd D I giam nhe tdc ddng ciia BDKH vd chii dpng Tang cudng tgo them viec lam d khu vyc phi ling phd vdi BDKH, ddi vdi ngdnh ndng nghiep ndng nghidp, phdt tridn thdm cac ngdnh nghi vimg DBSH, vifc ddu tidn can lam la tdng phi ndng nghiep d ndng thdn de day nhanh qud cudng nghidn cihi, dy baotac dpng ton thuang trinh dd thi hda vd hi?n dgi hda cu ddn ndng dli vdi CO clu cay ttdng vat nudifrongtiing thdi thdn, hinh thdnh he thdng dd thi ve tinh tten dja vy Ddng thdi dy kiln cdc cayfrdng,vat nudi cd ban cdc tmh ttong viing DBSH Thu hiit lao khd ndn^ chdng chiu vdi hoan cahh mdi (chdng ddngfrdnCO sd diu tu hodn thidn kit clu tdng ban, chdng ndng, ch6ng ndng va dich benh) thich ling vdi BDKH de phdt trien cdng nghidp, Trdn ca sd nhiing can cii cdc nha hogch djnh tieu thu cdng nghi$p chinh sdch sd ldp kl hogch dieu chmh co cdu cdy 2.2 Nhdm gidiphdp eu the nhdm chuyin frdng vat nudi mdi vd dilu chinhtiidivy dich eg cau kinh te viing DBSH thich img vdi Thu ba, da dgng hda hogt ddng xen eanh, BBKH ludn eanh ddng th&i ndng cdp cdi tgo h$ thdng 2.2.1 Ddi v&i nhdm ngdnh ndng, ldm nghieptu&itieu vd thuy sdn Viec da dang hda cdc boat ddng xen canh, • Ddi vdi ngdnh ndng nghiep luan canh ttong sdn xuat ciing can phdi nghien cuu, dy bao khd ndng phii hop vdi mdi vimg cua Thu nhdt, tdng cu&ng td chiec phdn tich, cdnh bdo la lift, hgn hdn chi tiit ddi v&i ngdnh ndng cac dia phuongttongviing DBSH Ddi vdi mdi vimg ciia cac dia phuong khde cdn nghien nghiep De phdt trien ngdnh ndng nghipp vd chuyen ciiu cac cdngtiuicludn canh, xen canh mdi phii dich ca can nganh thich ung vdi BDKH thi vi$c hpp vdi didu kifn tu nhidn cda cac dja phuang tang cudngtiidngtin, canh bao lii lut, hgn hdn la frong hodn cdnh BDKH Tir kit qud se tiln vin dd rat cdn thiet Theo dd, npi dung cua viec hdnh cdc gidi phap ky thugt cy the cho timg ngdnh nham tiiich ung vdi BDKH cho tdng cdnh bdo bao gdm: - Dy kiln tac dong cua BDKH den didu kien vung cua cdc dja phuongfrongviing DB SH thdi tilt va ngudn nudc Mat khde, sau dd cd cdng thiic xen canh, - Kdt hpp vdi cac vien nghidn curu va cac co luan canh phii hpp vdi cdc dja phuong frong quan chuc nang lap ban ban hdn va bdn dd vung thi thyc hien cdi thien hieu qud tudi tidu ngilp lutttongtiingkhu vyc tuong ddi chi tiet ndng nghiep, dy kien nhu cdu tudi tieu theo ca - Xdy dyng chitiducdnh bdo lu lut, cdnh bdo cau miia vy mdi Tir do, ddnh gid dupc kha nang ban hdn ddp ling cda hf thdng cdc phuang tien tudi tieu - ThycttgngBDKH vd nhung sy kifn cd lidn cua mdi vimg frong cdc dja phuong vd dua quan nhu han ban, bao lyt, nudc bien ddng gidi phdp dieu chinh he thdng tudi tieu vd thay - Thycttgngh? thong de sdng vd de bien ttpng the mdi mpt sd phuang tifn tuditiduhieu sudt ylu, dac bidt Id d cac dja phuong cd nguy co cao cao hon vd cdc phuong phap phdng chdng $1^65(1+2/20151 QUANLYKINHTE Q ] i'Ml'lliM " " " H B H l i W THtfC TIEH CHUYEN DjCH CO CAU K I N H j I i ; Tdc ddng cua BDKH se gay cho nganh cdng nghiep - xdy dyng khd khanttongvide cung cap nguyen lieu ddu vao nhu: difn, nudc vd cdc nguyen lidu sdn xuat khde Ddy cung la ngdnh gay d nhidm mdi trudng va cd nhidu lupng thdi gdy hifu iing nhd kinh - mdt ttong nhiing tdc nhdn gdy BDKH Do vgy, nhiing nam tdi ngdnh cdng nghifp xdy dyng vung DBSH cdn gidm phdt thai nha kinhttongIJoh vyc cung ling nang lupng bang viec chuyen ddi nhidn lieu td than sang ddtfrongcdc nha may san xuat didn, tang cudng su dung nang lupng thay till va dau tu xdy dyng dudng didn nham gidm tdn thit va tieu haottongtruyen tdi difn Ddng thdi tang cudng nghidn cdu, iing dung nang lupng tdi che thay the dp dyng cho tdt cd cac khu vyc sdn xuat Dd thich ung vdd BDKH, ngdnh cdng nghidp - xdy dyng cdn tap trung vdo cac gidi phap gidm nhe vd thich ling vdi BDKH nhu sau: Thu nhdt, dieu chinh kl hogch phdt tridn nang lupng, cdng nghidp, giao thdng vfn tdi phu hpp vdi tmh hinh BDKH vdi nhimg ndi dung nhu: -Xay dyng cac phuang an dilu chmh CO sd 'Ddi v&i ngdnh thify sdn tang vd hogt ddng cua cdc linh vyc; Nang lupng, Tdc dpng cila BDKH ddi vdi nganh thuy sdn cdng nghidp, giao tbdng vgn tdi Id lam thay ddi mdi trudng sdng ciia cdc loai - Tinh todn lpi ich, chi phi cua cdc phuang an tiiuy sinh - nguon thiic an quaittpngciia nganh didu chinh ndi tten nudittdngtiniysdn, dich benh tangttencdc loai - Lgp ke hogch dieu chinhtiingphdnttongcac tdm ca nudc ngpt, nudc man, nudc ip \^ vgy, thdi ky hay giai doan ngdnh thuy san can thyc hifn ddng bd cdc bidn Thie hai, nang cap va cdi tgo cdc cdng trinh phdp nhu:Tinh toan chi phi lpi ichttongcdc giai nang lupng, cdng nghiep va giaotiidngvdn tdi phap thich iing vdi BDKH ddng thdi dilu chmh frdn cac dja ban xung yeu: cac hoat dOngtiiichiingttongtiingtiidiky hay - Ddnh gid tdc ddng cua BDKH din dilu kifn giai doan Ddy Id can cu dh xay dyng vd thyc ty nhienttdncac dja ban xung yenfrongvimg hifn chien luac quan ly ting hpp viing bd biln - Ddnh gid tdc dpng cua BDKH din hoat ddng va Cling cd, xdy dyng mdi dd biln cimg vdi vide cua cac co sd nmig luong, cdng nghifp vd giao phdi hpp cdc ngdnh Hen quan hoan tiiidn kl thdng vgn taifrencac dja ban hogch qudn ly tdi nguyen nudc - Ndng cap va cdi tgo ca sd hg tdng va didu Ben canh do, nganh thuy san cin chii ttpng chmh boat ddng cua linh vyc ndng lupng, cdng quy hoach lai n ^ l ddnh cd, viing ca nudc ngpt nghidp, giao thdng van tdifrdncac dja ban ndi va nuoc Ip, cai tiln k^tiiudtnudittdngtiiiiysdn, fren ddngtiidixdy dyng cac kl hogch danh bdt ttong 2.2.3 Ddi vdi nhdm ngdnh dich vu hoan cdnh BDKH Hogt ddng du Ijch la ngdnh dem Igi hidu qud 2.2.2 Ddi v&i nhom ngdnh cdngnghiip -xdyIdn,tinicdly qua trinh trao ddi thuong mai va dung chuyin djch co clu kinh te khu vyc djch vy Tdc • Ddi v&i ngdnh ldm nghiip Rimg cd vai tro quanttpngttongvifc bdo vf mdi trudng va ngan ngiia hifn tupng xdi mdn, lii lut dd phat triln ngdnh ldm nghidpttongdidu kidn BDKH, cdn xdy dyng chinh sach, bifn phdp ngan ngua khai thdc rungttdiphep Ddng thdi lap kd hogchttdngrung, mitiennin^ cdc logittencdc dja ban, uutiendja ban xung ylu vd dja bdn dd b; hoang mac hda Ldp ke hogch tiing budc ban chd khai pha riing, bdo vf rimg quy hilm BSn cgnh dd, tac dpng cua BDKH nhu ning ndng, ban ban se gay nguy co chay riing Dd viing DBSH khde phuc dupc tinhttgngnay, cdn phdi td chiic phdng chdng chdy riing cd hifu qud bang cdc kd hoach nhu: Xay dyng chitiducanh bao chdy rung tren tiing viing; Xdy dyng hf thing canh bdo chdy rtaig; Tang cudngtiiidtb j chdng chay riing Song song vdi viec viing DBSH cdn xdy dyng, thilt lap cdc td chiic phdng chdng chdy ring vd truyin thdng, giao due ytinicphdng chong chdy rimg cho mpi ting ldpttongnhdn dan E QUANLfKINHTE 5^65(1+2/2015) CHUYJH DICH Cfl cXu KINH T g - KIHHHGHlEHTH"^TigM ^ ^ ddng ciia BDKH sd lam cho nganh du lich frd • Thdi Cdng Hao, Nguy Thanh Tuydn, Tran ndn khd khanttongvifc I$p kd hoach du lich vd Tdn Hung (2002), Phdn tich viing vd quy hogch phat triln ngdnh Dd gidm nh? tac dOng ciia viing, HanNgpc Luong djch, NXB Dgi hpc BDKH vd chuyin djch co cdu cdc ngdnh frong Qudc gia, Ha NOi khu vyc dich vy ciia vung DBSHfln'chung vdi • Ld Thi Hifu (2012), Nghien cuu ddnh gid hgn BDKH, ngdnh du Ijch can thyc hifn cdc bifn hdn vung ddng bdngsdngHdng, Lugn van Thgc phap sau: sy, HdNdi Thu nhdt, dieu chmh quy hogch du lich bidn • Nguydn Danh Son (2013), Chu truong, chinh bang vifc thyc hifn ddnh gid tdc dpng tich eye sdch cua Viet Nam icng v&i bien ddi vd tidu eye ciia BDKH ddi vdi du Ijch biln Tren hgu, qudn ly tdi nguyen vd bdo v^ mdi CO sd ndy dieu chinh quy hogch du Ijch bien vd trudng ddm bdo phdt trien ben virng Tap chi dieu chinh miia vy du hch bien phu hpp vdi Mdi trudng,tiiang7/2013, HdNdi hodn cdnh BDKH Ding thdi ndng cdp mpt sd • Nguyin Danh Son (2013), Kinh ti hgc biin bai tdm nhu D6 Son (Hdi Phdng), Hdi Hdu ddi hgu vd mpt sd vdn di vi nghiin cuu vd (ISfmnDjnh), Bdi Chdy (Qudng Ninh) vacasd trien khai (R&D) phgc vuphdt trien ben vieng & tan^ cling nhu phuong tifn cda cac khu du Viet Nam, Tap chi Nhan lyc khoa hpc xa hpi, sd Ijch bidn 5nam2013,HdNpi Thic hai, dilu chinh quy hogch du lich sinh • Biii Tit Thing (2006), Chuyin dfch ca cdu fliai va du Ijch mii cao bdng vide thyc hifn danh ngdnh Mnh ti & Viet Nam, NXB Khoa hoc xd gid tdc dpng ciia BDKH ddi vdi du Ijch sinh tiidi hdi, HdNdi vd du Ijch niii cao Ket qud danh gid ndy se Idm • Dan^ Van Thdn^, Phgm Ngpc Diing (2003), CO sd de dieu chinh quy hoach du Ijch sinh thdi, Chimin dfch ca cdu Mnh te cdng - ndng nghiip du Ijch niii cao vd ndng d p cdc khu du Ijch sinh a ddng bdng sdng Hdng, NXB Chlnh trj Qudc thdi va niii cao./ gia, HdNdi • Nguydn Van Thang, Nguyin Trpng Hieu TAI LIEU THAM K H A O (2010), Biin ddi hdu vd tdc dpng a VietNam, • Bp Tdi nguydn va Mdi trudng (2012), Kich D I tai d p Bd, HaNpi bdn bien ddi hgu, nu&c bien ddng cho Viet • ThiltirdngChinh phii (2012), Quyit dinh sd Nam, NXB Tai nguydn Mdi trudng vd Bdn dd 1554/QD-TTg ngdy 17 ihdng 10 ndm 2012 vi ViftNam, HaNpi viic phi duyit Quy hogch thuy loi viing ddng • Cdng u&c khung cua Liin hiep Qudc vi biinbdng sdng Hdng giai dogn 2012-2020, dinh ddi hgu (United Nations Framework hudng din ndm 2050 diiu Men biin ddi Convention on Climate Change), ngdy 21 thang hgu, nu&c bien ddng nam 1994 • Thd tudng Chinh phu (2013), Quyit dinh sd • Ddng C0ng sdn Vidt 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