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Bài viết nghiên cứu cuốn Nhật ký hành trình của tàu Grol được bảo quản và lưu trữ tại The Hague có cái nhìn đứng trên quan điểm vị lợi của một công ty nước ngoài đối mặt với chính quyền phong kiến quan liêu chuyên chế phương Đông với nhiều tệ nạn tham nhũng.
^^^^fi^i%pt§J^ NHUNC THl/dNC NHAN HA LAN DAU TIEN DEN OANC NCOAI VA KE CHO NAM 1657 NGUYEN THl/A HY* (Dich vd gi&i thieu) Ldi ddn: The ky XVI-XVII lich sir the gidi la ky nguyen thuang mai toan cau Trong h6 tho'ng mau dich chau A, nhung tuyen buon ban qudc te didn sdi dOng d bie'n Ddng va Thai Binh Duong, hai mien Dai Viet da nam tren cung dudng trung chuyS'n Trong toan canh do, nam 1637, thuong diem Hirado ciia Cong ty Dong An Ha Lan (VOC) d Nhat Ban da cir chie'e tau Grol Trudng thuong vu K Hartsinek chi huy tdi Dang Ngoai sau ghe qua Hdi An, dem bac de'n mua la va xin dat quan he bu6n ban Chuy^'n di keo dai han thang, thdi gian phai bd luu lai Kinh Thing Long la %in thang rudi Nguyen ban \'\€t tay bang tieng Ha Lan c6 cudn Nhat ky hank tiinh ciia tau Grol duac bao quan tai Luu tru thude dia The Hague Nam 1882, Geerts da cho dich cud'n nhat ky sang tig^ng Phap vdi nhung chu giai ciia G.Maget, tieu luan "Journal de voyage du yacht hollandais Grol du Japon au Tonkin" (1637), dang tai tren Tap chf Excursions et Reconnaissances" t VI.n"13 (Paris, 1882) Nam 1883, I.M.Dixon cung dich sang tiS'ng Anh nhat ky vdi bai tiS'u luan "Voyage of the Dutch Ship "Grol" from Hirado to Ton King", dang tai cudn 'Transactions of the Asiatic Society of Japan" XI (Yokohama, 1883) Tdi nam 1907, ban dich cudn nhat ky ti^ng Phdp duac dang lai Tap chi Revue Indochinoise quydn 5, sd 55 va 56 Day la mfit tu lieu gO'c hiem quy cCia m6t ddi tac nudc ngoai phuang Tay each day 370 nam vifi't \i quan he giao thuang Viet Nam - Ha Lan niia dau the' ky XVII N6 co th^ ddng lam ca sd giup chung ta di sau nghien ciru, gai md hoae gop phSn lam sang to mdt sd va'n d^ ve lich sir, thuc trang va chi'nh sach, thii tuc ciia nha nudc phong ki^n ngoai thuang, ngoai giao, nin kinh t^ hing hoa ciia Viet Nam the' ky XVll cung nhu m6t sd tdn nghi v^ dja ly - lich sir, ndi tinh chfnh tri, tinh hinh dan chiing d Dang Ngoai thdi Nhung ngudi viei cudn nhat ky c6 cai nhin va diing tren quan di^m vi lai ciia mdt cdng ty nudc ngoai, ddi mat vdi m6t chfnh quyen phong kie'n quan lieu chuyen chS phuang Ddng vdi nhi^u tfi nan tham nhung Ben canh mpt so danh gia nhan dinh co th^ la chii quan, cudn nhat ky da cung ca'p cho chiing ta nhieu thuc te' lich sir khach quan co y nghia, thOng qua nhiJng chi tiei sdng dOng T^t nhiSn khai thae triet de' gia trj tu lieu, chiing ta can phai nghien ciiu sau them, th^m djnh, khao chiing, do'i sanh nhiing thOng tin la dieu ma d day chung ta chua lam duac Chung toi da cO' gang dich sat tinh than va noi dung ciia van ban, nhung khOng thi tranh khoi mOt sd kho khan Mot sd thuat ngir va tir c6 noi ve cac vat dung, hing hoa chuyen mOn duang thdi khong tim duac tir tieng Vict tuang duang Mot sd chii thich cung can ban cai lai, nhirng chiing tdi vin tOn nguyen van Rat mong nhan duac y kien dong gop C h u y e n du h a n h ciia chie'e tau Ha L a n G r o l txi N h a t B a n t d i D a n g N g o a i (31/1/1637 - 8/8/1637) (1) Nhat ky tren tdu 31 thdng Gieng - Ngay 31-1-1637, t a u Yacht (2) Grol da rdi v u n g Koutchi PGS TS Dai hoc Qudc gia Ha Npi (hai c a n g nho) g a n thfinh phd' H i r a d o (3) t r e n h d n dao m a n g c u n g t e n gpi (d N h d t Ban) de di tdi xQ D a n g Ngodi T r e n tfiu ed trUdng thUdng vy K a r e l H a r t s i n e k , ngUdi chi h u y cupe vien h a n h , Vincent Romeyn, ngUdi Ha L a n cU t r u d N a g a s a k i k h d n g Ifim viec cho Cdng ty Dong An Hfi L a n mfi sinh Rhflmg thirong nhan f\h Lan dau Hto 69 sdng bfing cong viec budn bfin rieng tU Trong eong vi§c, ong cd quan hp vdi dng gifi Menchioe Santwoort, ngUdi Hfi Lan dfi den Nhfit Ban vdi William Adams ngdy 19-41600 (4) Tnidng thUOng diem Hfi Lan d Hirado, ngfii Nicolas Koeekbaeker da xin Vincent Romeyn di thap tung chuyen vien hfinh nfiy vfi giup dd cdng ty vdi nhQng kien thQc vfi kinh nghipm lau nfim eiia minh Dl ddi lai ngUdi ta dfi eho phdp dng mua (d Nhfit Ban) nhQng hang hda tdng tong gifi tri tdi 2.500 lang bae (14.250 francs) vfi chuyen ehd nhQng hang hda dd mien cUde phf vfin tai tdi Dfing Ngofii Karel Hartsinek (5) cd trach nhipm theo doi dieu nhupng bp dUde thda thufin dd de khdng bi ldi dung - 25 thdng Hai: Ngfiy 25-2, chung tdi tiep tue cupe hfinh trinh vdi y dinh trUde het se den thfim Quinam (7) De thiie hipn vipe nfiy, ngUdi ta da trang bi mpt thuyen mfinh ed ten Ifi Autekou, vdi mpt hoa tieu tren thuyen, ngUdi Hfi Lan vfi ngUdi Trung Qudc Tayouwan, ngUdi ta dfi chfit them vfio khdi hfing hda ban dfiu mpt sd hfing tdng gia tri Id 2364 florins Chide tfiu Waterlooze Werve dfi bi mfit nhQng cay neo vfio ngfiy 18-10 nfim trUde, cho nen khdng t h i diing dupe eho chuyen di nfiy O Dai Loan, de Ifim qufi cho nha vua xQ Dfing Ngofii, ngUdi ta da mang theo them hai ed sung (thin cdng), can nfing 1020 vfi 1030 livres (cfin Anh - 453,6 g) vfi nhQng dan phao bfing sfit nfing 12 livres Td'ng gia tri so hfing hda chuyen chd tren chide tfiu Grol Ifi 366.588 florins (khoang chQng 736.850 francs); chi cd mpt phfin sd hang hda gia tri 188.166 florins (378.214 francs) dUpe chuyin tdi Dfing Ngofii NhQng hfing hda chd den xQ nfiy cd mpt vfii mfit hfing chfiu Au vfi Nhfit Ban, cdn chu yeu Ifi chd ddng vfi sfit, tfit ca tri gifi Ifi 171.000 florins (343.710 francs) TQ ngdy 18 thdng Giing den ngdy 25 thdng Giing, ngUdi ta dfi tiep nhfin d Dfii Loan 17 thuyen mfinh tQ Trung Hoa ddn, chd 60 pieuls (ta = 60kg) td sdng, 1500 ta dudng, 200 ta Lankin (vai len Trung Qude) vfi mpt sd lupng ldn dd gdm sQ tinh vfi thd Vien thuyen trUdng Bencan ed y dinh giii nhQng hfing hda dd den Quinam vfi dng ta xin dupe khdng tra hdn 15% tien thud nhfip cang vfi xufi't cang NhUng ngUdi ta khdng chfi'p nhfin yeu cfiu ciia dng, bdi vi dng Putmans dd fin dinh thue nhdp cang vfi xufi't cang moi thQ Ifi 10% vfi dng Van der Burg khdng mudn thay ddi quyet dinh nfiy NgUdi ta tfnh tofin neu theo y dinh eua thuyen trUdng Bencan giii nhQng hfing hda dd den Quinam thi se kiem ldi dUdc tQ 4050% doi vdi mfit hfing Lankins, 150% ddi vdi nhQng dd gdm thd Vien trUdng thUdng diem d Nhfit Ban dfi trao eho Karel Hartsinek mpt bQc thU chfnh thQc d l giii tdi nhfi vua tri vi xQ Dfing Ngofii n g ta cdn cd y dinh gvfi mpt tfiu budn khac, chide Waterlooze Werve tQ Nhfit Ban tdi Dfing Ngofii - 13 thdng Hai • Ngfiy 13 thang Hai (1637), sau mpt budi thdi tiet rfi't xfi'u Ifim chung tdi bi mfit banh Ifii tfiu vfi chiee neo, vfio lue 7.30 chieu tdi, chung tdi da tdi vinh Tayouwan (Dfii Loan - Formose) Lfip tQc Karel dfi dupe dUa len bd, mpt chide xudng vien tdng trfi'n (Dfii Loan) Ifi ong Van den Burg giii tdi (6) Ngdy thdng Hai, mpt thuyen mfinh eiia Cdng ty dfi dUde cii tQ Dfii Loan di tdi nhQng dao Liukiu, ed vien thuyen phd Johan Jurriaansz di theo, vdi nhipm vy Ifi tim kiem nhQng md vfing mfi ngUdi ta ndi rfing ed d tren nhQng hdn dao nfiy, vfi sau 70 dd Ifi tien hfinh thfim thfnh ve nhQng md vfing dd n g ta trd v l ngfiy 18 thang Hai Theo bfio cao ciia dng ta, d Pibamba, vung phu cfin eiia Liukiu da cd vfing, vfi dng hofing d dd da ddng y het sQc giiip dd chung ta cdng vipe khai thfie kim loai Mpt ngudi Trung Qud'c da tQng d xQ dd 14 nfim qua quyet rfing ed vfing d Pibamba, vfi xin dUde dfin dUdng cho ehiing tdi tdi dia dilm dd NgUdi nfiy da di den d lai Dfii Loan 10 ngfiy d l cung cfi'p them cac tin tQc Dfii Loan ngUdi ta vQa cdng bd nhQng sfic lenh mdi thiet lfip mpt mQc thue 10% ddi vdi loai thit hUdu, da sdn dUdng, hofing eon vfi nhQng loai gaeh Ifim d Saceam - Ngdy thdng Ba Ngfiy thfing Ba chung tdi tien den gfin vinh Turon (hay Touran) (8) MQdi sfiu ngUdi Bd Dfio Nha mfi chung tdi dfin dp tQ Dfii Loan dupe phdng thich vfi gtti len bd Ngfiy 26 thfing Hai, mpt ngfiy sau chung tdi khdi hfinh tQ Dfii Loan, chung tdi dfi bi mfi't lien lac vdi chide thuyen mfinh vfi tQ dd eung khdng thfi'y lai nd nQa Hai t h i y tu ngUdi Bd Dfio Nha d tren tfiu ciia chung tdi thi v i n h\ giQ lai NhQng hfing hda chd den Quinam (9) dupe dd khdi tfiu vfi sau dd chung tdi tra lai tu eho hai t h i y tu Bd Dfio Nha Ngudi ta dfi elm giQ hp lai bdi vi mpt nhiing vien chQe eua thUdng diem ehiing tdi d Quinam da chay tron vfi ngUdi ta cho rfing ngUdi dd da sang d ben nhQng ngUdi Bd Dfio Nha Tuy nhien, nhQng ngQdi nfiy khfing dinh rfing hp khdng chQa chfi'p vien chQc kia, vfi ngUdi ta da tha hai t h i y tu Bd Dfio Nha Quinam, chung tdi mua mdt chide thuyen mfinh khfic de thay the chiee bi mfi't chuyen di - 13 thdng Ba Ngfiy 13 thfing Ba (1637), chung tdi rdi Quinam Chide thuyen mfinh dupe tra lai vi nd d tinh trang khdng R g h i ^ curu L|ch siir sg 4.2009 tdt Ong Dueher chuyin cho dng Hartsinek ban ghi nhd sau dfiy ve xQ Dfing Ngofii: "XQ Dfing Ngofii vfi xii Quinam (Dfing Trong) dang cd chien tranh (10) NhQng nha vua cua xQ nfiy rfi't tQc gifin Tuy nhien, nhQng thUdng nhfin eiia xQ vfin dupe phdp tiep tuc budn bfin vdi Vi the, thdi gian lUu lai Dfing Ngofii, chung ta vfin cd cd hpi lien lac vdi thUdng nhan ciia chung ta d Quinam Trong thang 11 nfim 1636, gifi td rfi't d Dfing Ngofii, xudng den mQc ehi cdn 45 lang (bac) mpt ta TQ cd chide thuyen mfinh Bd Dfio Nha tdi, mpt chiee vfio cudi thfing 11, chide khfic vfio ngfiy 15 thfing Hai, gifi td lai len den 60 lang mpt ta Nhfi vua dfi chiem dung vdn tdi 40.000 lang bac ngUdi Bd Dfio Nha dem lai vfi hQa se cung cfip cho hp bfing to vdi sdtien dd Trong sd" 40.000 lang ndi tren, cd 30 hdm t i l n bac midng Nhfit Ban, tieng Hfi Lan gpi Ifi Schuitjes hay Schuitgeld NhQng nhfi vua Quinam vfi Dfing Ngofii cd hp hfing vdi NgUdi ta se lpi dung chuyen di thfim cua tfiu Grol tdi Dfing Ngofii de bf mfit tim hieu xem lipu nhfi vua xQ Dfing Ngofii cd t h i hofic ed mudn giup chung ta ddi lai so t i l n 23.580 rdales da dupe cQu thofit tQ chide tfiu dfim Grootenbrock vfi dfi bj nhQng ngUdi Quinam chiem lfiy mpt cfich bfit hpp phap hay khdng Tuy nhien, cdng vipe nfiy se phai dfin xep mpt cfich hdt sQc te nhi vfi bf mfit vfi dQng ndi dieu dd cho ban thfin nhfi vua hofic ca den eho mdt nhQng nhfi quy tpc d t r i l u dinh, vi tfit ca mpi dieu gi xay d t r i l u dinh Dfing Ngofii cung sg dupe bf mfit bfio cao tdi trilu dinh Quinam, vfi neu xQ nfiy mfi biet dUdc nhQng f eiia chung ta, thi t i t ca nhiing vien chQe ciia cdng ty Ifim vipe tai thUdng diem se phai dUdng d i u vdi nhQng noi nguy hilm ldn lao Fthumg thuong nhto Tth Lan d£u H^n nhfit, lue dd cfii qudc gia tfin bao nfiy s§ khdng chfim tre tien hfinh mpt tfi'm tham kich thuc sU "Ky ngdy 12-3-1637" • 18 thdng Ba • Ngfiy 18 thang Ba chung tdi gfip phai thdi tiet xfiu vfi gid quay thdi ngUpe chilu, chung tdi bd neo tai vung phu cfin Turon Budi sfing, chung tdi nhin thfiy eon tau (Hfi Lan) Rurop khdi vinh Turon - 23 thdng Ba - Ngfiy 23 thang Ba chung tdi lai chuyen hUdng tfiu di Dfing Ngofii - 26 thdng Ba - Ngfiy 26 thfing Ba ehiing tdi d 17''2' vi Bfic Chiing toi di theo hUdng Tfiy Bfic vfi Tfiy Tfiy Bfic Chung tdi nhin thfi'y mpt hdn dao - Ngdy 27 thdng Ba Lp trinh ciia chiing tdi theo hudng Tfiy - Tay Bfic, d 17''49' vi Bfic Chung tdi dfit ten cho hdn dao nfiy Ifi dao Grol (11) Tfiu eiia chung tdi di giQa dao nfiy vfi mui dfi't Hdn dao nfiy khdng thfi'y cd tren tfi'm ban dd eua thuyen tnidng Hendrick Arendsz - 29 thdng Ba - Ngfiy 29 thfing Ba chung tdi trdng thfi'y dao Sahou (nhfit ky ghi Sahoe), each dfim v l phfa Nam Chung tdi ludt nhanh d hUdng Nam Tfiy Nam ve phfa dao Frakaki, dp sfiu 12 sai nUdc eho cfich ben dao mpt dfim Ve phfa Ddng dao nfiy, nUde giam bdt dfin dp sfiu O quang giQa cfic hdn dao Sahou vfi Frakaki dp sfiu eiia biln Ifi 12 sai nUde Budi chieu ehiing tdi budng neo d bd biln phfa Tfiy dao Frakaki (12), dp sfiu sai nUde each dd mpt dfim v l phfa Bfic - Ddng Bfic vfi Ddng Bfic, ed mpt bfii dfi thfi'p vfi phfing vfi nhilu mdn da ngim V l phfa Tfiy cung cd nhilu mdm da ngim cd le dupe tao nen bdi cfic bfii da ho$c dai cfit dudi biln 71 Chung tdi quyet dinh cxi vien trd ly Huibrecht Eems vfi ngUdi phien dich Striek len bd vdi mpt mdn qufi cd gia tri chQng tQ den 10 lang bfing hfing hda Nhfit Ban NhQng ngUdi nfiy phai di tdi gfip vi quan dia phUdng, xin dng ta thdng bfio vdi nhfi vua xQ Dfing Ngofii ve vipe tfiu chung tdi den vfi keu clu Ngfii eho phep chung tdi len bp efing sdm efing tdt, vdi nhQng hfing hda eiia chung tdi, nhQng mdn tfing phfim vfi Ifi thQ g^i len nhfi vua - 30 thdng Ba - Ngfiy 30 thang Ba, chung tdi cii vien trp ly vfi ngUdi phien dich len bd NhQng mdn tfing phfim Ifi: -I- Bdn chide fi'm dun nQdc, mdi chide lit -I- Bdn chide fim dun nUde, moi chide nvta lft -t- Hai binh pha chd bfing kim loai + Hai gUdm Nhfit Ban (eatabre) NgUdi hoa tieu ed nhipm v\i thfim dd cQa sdng Giang (13) Anh ta thfi'y eho dd khdng sfiu hdn tQ 8^^ ddn bp nUdc Anh ta dUpe dfin chung ddn tidp tQ te - Ngdy thdng TQ - Ngfiy thang TU, chung tdi nhfin dUde bQc thU ciia mpt vi quan vfi nhQng mdn qufi tfing sau day: -I- 5000 ddng tiln (tieng Nhfit la Zdni) •1- Mpt ldn sdng Vien si quan chi huy nhQng chidn thuyen vfi nhfi quy tpc Dfing Ngofii mang nhQng tfing phfim den cho chung tdi La thQ viet: "Ong rfi't hfii long ve vi^c nhQng ngUdi Hfi Lan tdi dfiy vfi dQc vua ed le eung hfii long nhU vfiy Rfing ngUdi Hfi Lan se phai tra thue nhfip cang dfinh vfio hfing hda, thue neo dfiu tfiu, rfing hfing hda se khdng bfit dfiu dUpe dd khdi tfiu trUde Ipnh cho phdp dUpe giii tdi, rfing tfi't ca R g h i ^ ciJru Ljch siSr s6 4.2009 72 se hi tich thu neu vi pham nhQng quy tfic dd Rfing ngudi ta se khdng bfin sung dai bae mfi ngUde lai ngUdi ta phai giQ yen lanh hoan tofin" Chung tdi nghi rfing tfi't ca nhiing menh Ipnh dd dUa den eho chung tdi Ifi diia theo y kien eiia mpt thfiy tu ngUdi Bd Dfio Nha dang d ndi dd Chung tdi da chuyen giao eho vien thuyen trUdng (ngUdi Dfing Ngofii) chi huy nhQng chien thuyen vfi nhfi quy tpc mpt so' tfing phfim sau day: -I- nfim cfii jackan (fi'm dun nUde Nhfit) ldn + bd'n cfii jackan nhd -I- hai cai quitasalles (Ipng, du) ldn -I- hai cai quitasalles nhd + bdn cfii cantaber (thanh gUdm) nhd -I- sfiu cfii quat Chung tdi dUde thdng bfio rfing d Dfing Ngofii cd rfi't nhieu td lua, cd t h i chfi't dfiy hdn ba tfiu Chung tdi khfing dinh rfing nhQng menh Ipnh dUde ban se dUpe chung tdi chfip hanh vfi chung toi se khdng Ifim bfit cQ dieu gi xfi'u hofic sai trai ddi vdi dfin chung Den day chi vdi nhQng y dinh tot nhfit vfi mpt muc dfch hofin tofin hQu hao, chung tdi xin hdi tai ngUdi ta ehUa cho vien trd ly vfi ngUdi phien dich cua chung tdi trd ve tfiu NgUdi ta tra ldi cho chung tdi Ifi "cac dng dd ngfiy mai se trd lai cung vdi cac vi quan" - thdng TQ - Ngfiy hdm nay, thfing Tu, vien trp ly vfi ngUdi phien dich dfi trd lai cung vdi vien t h u y i n trUdng ngUdi Dfing Ngofii vfi hai vien thU ky Mpt sd nhQng binh Ifnh cua chung tdi cd ten Ifi Wolf vfi mpt ngUdi ban xQ vfin cdn h\ ngUdi Dfing Ngofii lUu giQ Cfic dng Eems (trp ly) vfi Striek (phien dich) da dUde ddi xii tii t l NgUdi ta dfi thfim vfi'n hp v l Iy ngUdi Hfi Lan den dfiy vfi ngUdi ta da hdi rfing hp den dfiy Ifi cd y dinh tQ trUde hay budc phai den gfip sU co hofic bi bao tfip Hp tra ldi rfing hp da tQ Nhfit Ban den vfi rfing tidng tfim v l an dQc cua nhfi vua xQ Dfing Ngofii vfi lenh efi'm tQ ngfin can ngUdi Nhfit (14) den budn ban d Dfing Ngofii dfi khien dng tnidng thUdng vu ngUdi Hfi Lan tai Nhfit Ban quyet dinh cii mpt tfiu den Dfing Ngofii di chQng td nhQng mdi quan hp giao hao vfi budn ban vdi xQ nfiy Sau dd hp da nfii m xin cfic vien quan dUde mau ehdng cho tfiu ngUde ddng sdng cung vdi hfing hda Luc dfiu, nhQng qufi bieu eiia vien trd ly mang theo bi tQ chdi, vi gifi trj ciia nd qufi nhd mpn vfi khdng xQng vdi phfim trfit cua nhfin vfit dupe tfing NhUng sau dd dng quan nfiy cung nhfin lai vdi Iy rfing ngUdi Hfi Lan Ifi ngUdi ngoai qudc, cd t h i mien thQ eho hp vi dilu da khdng td tQdng phong tuc eua xQ sd Thfim ehf cdn hdn thd nQa: dng ta yeu c l u chung tdi cho dng ta mQdn hdm bac di mua cho chung tdi td vfi que Vien trd ly tra ldi rfing quyen han eua minh khdng dUde phdp dfip Qng mpt yeu clu nhu vfiy Vien quan bdn yeu clu ngUdi e l m d i u chuyen viin hfinh Ifi Hartsinek den nhfi dng ta de thUdng thao vu vipe nfiy Hartsinek bfiy td rfing dng mudn eho tfiu tien den g i n hdn, nhUng hinh nhu khdng t h i nfio di chuyin dUpe, vi dp sfiu cua ddng sdng khdng qufi tQ ddn 10 bd (khoang tQ 2,75m - 3,05m), dp chim eua tau Ifi 13 bp nUdc Vien quan tra ldi Ifi ban thfin minh eung khdng biet ldi di tdt nha't, nhUng dng se cii nhQng ngUdi thao kinh nghipm v l v i n d l nfiy vfi se chi bao cho dudng di tot nhfit" Vi vfiy Rhumg thuang nh&n T)h Lan ddu Hte nhQng ngudi Hfi Lan khdng cdn thfiy cin phai dUa tfiu den Schephay (15) vfi bd neo ben hdn dao Hai tfic (Roovers eiland) nhu ^ dinh luc trUde ciia hp - thdng TQ Ngfiy thang Tu, chung tdi quyet dinh rfing ngfii sdp Hartsinek cd Vincent Romeyn di kdm se den thfim vi quan mang theo mpt tfing phfim cd gifi tri 60 lang bae NgUdi ta se yeu clu vien quan thdng bfio cho nhfi vua Dfing Ngoai vipe chung tdi den cang sdm cang tdt Ddng thdi ngUdi ta mudii giao cho dng ta khoan 1.000 lang bfing tien bac vfi hfing hda d l mua hp chung tdi nhQng san phfim Dfing Ngofii Chiing tdi sd Ifim dng ta phfit y hoae phai kdo dfii vo cd cupe thfim vieng cua chiing tdi ndu chung tdi khdng chiu hien tfing nhU vfiy Tren tfiu, vfin cd 20 hdm bae dupe giQ bf mfit, gifiu kin chide xudng trUde Hartsinek khdi hfinh Ddi vdi ehu nhfin chile tfiu (ldn), ngUdi ta giao lai eho 2.000 lang bfing bae mieng (tien Schuitges), vdi dilu kipn dng ta phai thdng bao kip thdi eho Hartsinek trUdng hdp dng ta khdng t h i dQng hdt sd bae dd vdng mpt thfing di mua nhQng hfing hda Dfing Ngofii Sau dd, vfio buoi chilu, Hartsinek vfi Vincent Romeyn eho tfiu khdi hfinh nhQng khdng t h i ngUde ddng sdng tien xa hdn dupe vi nude chay xidt Hp bfit bupc phai dQng lai d lfing Giang, ndi hp qua dem ehd d ciia ngudi phi^n dich Nhfit Ban Guando, ngUdi nfiy xin tfin tinh giup dd hp chQng nfio minh cdn ed t h i Theo y anh ta, cho vien quan vfio lue nfiy mpt mdn qufi tfing ldn nhQ vfiy thi thfit Ifi hofin tofin vd fch, nhfi't Ifi ehUa biet chfic rfing li^u tfiu ed the vfio dupe ddng sdng hay khdng Va lai, ndu chung tdi bfit budc phai tim mpt vung khfic, thi chung toi se ehfing cdn vi$c gi d l Ifim vdi dng ta, mfi sau dd, thi 73 chung tdi vfin bfit budc phai ed khdng ft nhQng mdn qufi tfing eho cfic quan cai ba tfiu (kapados) (16) hp den de giai quyet cdng vipe budn bfin D l tra ldi vipe vien quan yeu cfiu 5.000 lang, ngUdi ta ndi rfing thii trudng, ngfii Nicolas Koeckbacher Ifi thu gQi nhfi vua dfi dUa mpt danh muc chfnh xfic tfi't ca nhQng gi d tren eon tfiu Nhfin dupe tra ldi nhU vfiy, vien quan thdi khong nfii dp nQa ve ehuypn mUpn tien Vien thdng ngdn ngUdi Nhfit mudn chQng td thipn y eiia minh ddi vdi ehiing tdi, da gdi mpt ldi nhfin tin cho ngUdi phien dich d Ourusra [d nhfi Ourusan?] clu xin ngUdi nfiy bfiy di tdi kinh thfinh Catchiou (17) [Ke Chd], de thdng bfio cho nhfi vua vi^c chung tdi den vfi de xin ngfii mpt la thu bao Ifinh - thdng Til TQ sang tinh md, chung toi rdi khdi Giang de ngUdc ddng sdng ddn eho vien quan d, mpt dia diem cfich Giang chQng dfim dia ly Vfio luc mpt gid dem khuya, chung tdi den dia diem dd, ndi ngUdi ta tiep nhan chung tdi vdi tidng chieng trdng fim i, dUdi finh sang cua vd sd ngpn dude Dpi quan Ifnh gom cd 200 ngUdi dQng thfinh hfing dpc bd sdng, elm sung hoa thUdng ed ludi le Sau dfit chan len bp, chung tdi dUde dfin ve ndi d ciia vien quan Ong nfiy d mpt ngdi nhfi bfing tre uy nghi trang trpng, giQa nhQng chQc sfic vfi binh hnh ciia dng Chung tdi ngdi tren chide chieu vfi sau chung tdi thi ll chfio theo kilu Hfi Lan, bfit dfiu trao ddi cupe dien tQ Qua ldi ngUdi phien dich, vien quan ndi vdi chung tdi rfing chung tdi Ifi nhQng ngUdi dUde hoan nghenh 6ng xin ldi vi eho d ciia dng ft dupe lich sii vfi mdi chung tdi xudng ngii dem dUdi dofin chiln thuyen 74 Chiing tdi dap: "Qua nhQng ngudi ban Nhat Ban cua chung tdi (18), chung tdi da biet den an dQc vfi Idng td't cua mdt dQc vua vui long cho phep mpi ngUdi ngoai qud'c ddn xQ sd cua ngfii budn bfin, vfi hdn nQa, ngUdi da che chd, bao hp hp Quan thdng linh chi huy edng viec budn ban de qudc Nhfit Ban, nhan danh dng hoang nUde Ha Lan vfi Tdng cdng ty Ddng fi'n, vi the dfi quyet dinh cif eon tfiu eua chung tdi den Dfing Ngofii de dUa nhQng hdng hda cua chung tdi den phue vu DQc Hofing thUdng (Dfing Ngofii) Do vay chung tdi la nhQng ngudi dai dipn, chQ khdng phai chi Ifi nhQng tU thUdng nhu nhQng ngUdi Nhat Ban hofic nhQng ngUdi Bd Dfio Nha Cae vUdng cdng va nhQng ngai chu nhan eiia chung tdi da ed nhilu thUdng diem dfit tai cae xQ sd An Dp, Nhdt Ban, Trung Hoa, Cao Mien, Xiem La , ndi nhQng ngUdi phuc vu eiia cac ngai da budn ban va sinh song tinh hQu nghi vdi nhQng nhd vua ciia tfit ca cac dat nQdc dd Vi vay, ehiing tdi kfnh xin Quy dQc dng (vien quan) vui long cii cho mpt ngUdi dai dipn cdng sdm cang td't ve kinh dd kfnh tfiu len hofing thupng ve vipe chung tdi den Khi dupe phdp, dodn thuyen eua chung tdi chd hfing hda vfi nhQng tfing phfim ciia Cong ty dang len hofing thUdng luc dd cd the ngUde ddng sdng Chung tdi eung thdng bao vdi vien quan rfing ngai thdng linh eua chung toi d Nhat Ban lenh cho chung tdi la phai di cung vdi tau vao ddng sdng, nhUng vi tfiu thuyen cua chung tdi chim khfi sfiu nUdc vfi tQ mdi den chung tdi da biet long sdng khdng du sfiu, eho nen chung tdi bfit bupc phai d lai vung khdng td't, ben hdn dao Frakaki Chung toi ndi them rfing tQ chung tdi khdi hanh d Nhat Ban da gdp phai bao td lien mien va bi mfit ba neo tau va nhieu day kdo day ehfing, vi the khdng dUde chufin bi tdt de chju diing nhQng cdn gid manh Cdng ty R g h i ^ cijru Lich sit s6 4.2009 ciia chiing tdi ed nguy ed bj tdn thfi^t Idn, vfi ehiing tdi se khdng phuc vu dUdc hofing thUdng mdt cfich chu dao chitog nfio chiing tdi chUa ed mdt eho neo dfiu thfeh h(?p, vi the chiing tdi cfiu ngQdi vui Idng chi gfip cho chung tdi mdt vung dfiu tfiu chfic chfin" Vien quan tra ldi: "Vipe chiing tdi den chfic chfin se Ifim hofing thUdng hfii Idng Vfi dng dfi cii ngUdi khfin bfio den hofing thupng de NgUdi biet dUdc vipe chung tdi den Ngfiy mai dng ta se lai cii mpt dai bilu thQ hai bfio tin rfing chung tdi se dpi cfic quan cai ba tfiu vfi cfic thuyin chdo 6, ngfiy tdi Ong ta dfin Ifi hay cho tfiu vfio sdng vfi dng ta bao dam rfing miic nude sdng dii sau Chung tdi phan bac lai rfing nhQng eupe thfim dd dfi chQng minh eho chung tdi dilu ngUde lai, vfi rfing, mfic du chung tdi khdng hfii long nhUng chung tdi khdng t h i den dupe" Hdn nQa, d l thuyet phuc dng ta them, chung tdi yeu cfiu ed mpt hoa tieu ngudi Dfing Ngofii de eung vdi hoa tieu cua chfnh chung tdi thfim sfit lai long sdng Vien quan dap: "Chung tdi cd t h i tim mpt vung tfiu khfic ben dao DQc vua (Konings eiland) (19), trUdng hpp ndu qua thiic Ifi chung thfiy Idng sdng qufi ndng ddi vdi tfiu cua chung tdi" Cudi cung dng dfii tide chung tdi theo phong tuc Dfing Ngofii vfi sau bQa fin chieu, dng mdi t r I u (pinang) chung tdi Ong mdi chung tdi nghi lai nhfi cua dng chi mpt dem hdm fiy, chung tdi dfi kfnh cfin nhfin ldi Cng ta chfio tQ bipt chiing tdi mdt cfich rfi't kha fii vfi quay lai eho nhQng t h u y i n chdo d l lfi'y nhQng vfit dupe tfing mfi dng da d l d dfiy, cd m^t vien si quan vfi mpt vj qu^ quan canh giQ NhQng tfing phfim bao gdm: - 3,5 aune [1 aune = 1,188m] da dd - hai tfi'm Sarasse (vai hoa mfiu xQ Coromandel - An Dp) RhOmg thuong nhdn T}d Lan d£u tito - hai t i m Salemporis (vai vung Calcutta -An Dp) - hai cai gUdng soi Sau dd ft Ifiu, mdt vfii vien si quan trd lai eho chung tdi vfi thQa Ipnh dng quan, ndi vdi chiing tdi rfing mdn qufi tfing Ifi ft di vfi vi quan mudn tra lai nd vfio sfing ngfiy mai Chung tdi ndi rfing xin quan vui Idng nhfin cho nhU mdt d i u hipu kfnh trpng v l p h i n t h u y i n trUdng eua tfiu chiing tdi, chQ khdng phai la ve phfa edng ty Chiing tdi them rfing sau dfiy chung toi mudn dupc bieu dng ta mdt mdn qufi tfing nhfin danh cdng ty, nhQng quan cai tfiu (kapados) den vfi tfiu dUpc bao dam an ninh Chung tdi c l u mong dUpe dng ta bao hp d l nhQng ngUdi eiia chung tdi khdng phai chiu tdn thfi't hp gvti hfing hda ngUpe len thUdng ngudn cua ddng sdng Lue dd dng ta td hfii Idng vfi khong ndi ehuypn v l nhQng mdn qufi tfing ciia chung tdi nQa - thdng TQ Cac dng Hartsinek vfi Vincent Romeyn dap xud'ng cfic thuyen ehdo theo yeu c l u ciia vien quan Hp hQa se ed nhQng mdn qufi tfing quan trpng hdn eon tfiu di vfio sdng Vien quan hdi chung tdi rfing lipu cd tinh ed mang theo ma nfio, san hd dd hofic vfing rdng hay khdng Chung tdi tra ldi Ifi cd, vfi hdi dng ta rfing ngUdi ta cd t h i bfin nhQng mdn hfing dd d Dfing Ngofii vdi gifi bao nhieu Ong ta tra ldi rfing chi cd nhfi vua vfi nhQng nhfi quyen quy d nUde mdi mua nhQng mdn dd dd Ong ta ndi ngUdi ta ddn rfing tren mfit biln chung tdi xua dudi ngudi Bd Dfio Nha vfi ngUdi Trung Qudc Chiing tdi tra ldi rfing nhQng ngQdi Bd Dfio Nha (20) Ifi ke dich ciia chiing tdi vfi da khdng tQ mpt cd hdi nfio d l vu khdng chung tdi ddi vdi cae qudc gia khfic, ludn luon bdi 75 nhp xuyen tac chung tdi Cdn thiic Ifi tnidc chung tdi cd chien tranh vdi nhQng ngUdi Trung Qude, sau nhilu hfinh ddng phan bdi khfic mfi dd chung tdi Ifi nhQng nan nhfin, nhUng hipn cupe chien dd da chfim dQt vfi chung tdi khdng cdn Ifim dilu gi tdn hai den nhQng ngudi Trung Qudc Nhin chung, ngUdi Hfi Lan chi mudn yen dn Ifim fin budn bfin, sdng thufin hda vdi cfic nUde ben ngofii, vfi mpi trUdng hdp hp phai dung den vu khf thi sU gay chidn khdng phai Ifi den tQ phfa hp Chung tdi ddi xii vdi nhU ban bd vfi trd v l lfing Giang, ndi chung tdi den vfio luc gid chilu Ddng nUde dfi ngfin can ehiing tdi xudng xa hdn, vfi chung tdi dem dd bupc phai nghi lai d nhfi ngUdi phien dich (Nhfit Ban) Guando - thdng Til Cfic dng Hartsinek vfi Vincent Romeyn trd v l tfiu Grol Chiing tdi nhfin dupe mpt ldi phue dfip cd lpi ciia vien quan Chung tdi dUde biet rfing nhQng ngudi Bd Dfio Nha nfim da den Dfing Ngofii vdi thuyen mfinh vfi mpt tfiu budn hipu Hfi Lan (galiote) Mpt thuyin mfinh ldn ehd cfic gifio si - paters jonk - dfi sfin sfing ehd thufin gid gifing budm di Ma Cao Lp trinh thdng thudng ciia nhQng ngUdi Bd Dfio Nha Ifi di giQa bd biln Trung Hoa vfi dao Hai Nam (Ainam), tQ dd hp tdi cae dao Tontio rdi lai tQ dd di Ma Cao - thdng TQ Chung tdi mang dfi len tfiu d l giQ eho tfiu thfing bfing - thdng TQ Vien thuyin tnidng ngQdi Dfing Ngofii vfi ngQdi Dfing Ngofii khfic den tfiu de giup chung tdi hfinh trinh di tdi nhQng dao DQc Vua (Konings Eilanden) - thdng TQ Chung tdi giong budm, budng neo rdi lai nhd neo Vl thdi tiet xiu 76 Rghien curu Lich si!ir sg 4.2009 chung tdi budc trd v l eho tha neo ben dao Frakaki - 10 thdng TQ Chung tdi khdng Ifim gi ca - 11 thdng TQ Chung tdi len dudng vfi cfim neo d bd biln phfa Tay Nam hdn dao Sahou, sfiu 10 sai nUde, •12-14 thdng TQ Ngdy 12 thdng TQ chung tdi giong budm vfi den ngfiy 14 thi tdi vung d bd bien phfa Tfiy cua hdn dao ldn gpi Ifi dao Hai tfic (Roovers Eiland) Chung tdi qua ngUdi phien dich Nhfit Ban dupe biet rfing nhQng dai bieu cua nhfi vua da tdi, nhQng vi khdng thfi'y ngUdi Hfi Lan nen hp dfi di tdi lfing Giang d l chi huy nhQng thuyen e i n thiet eho viec bdc dd hfing hda Anh ta eho rfing nhQng vien chQc dd ed le se trd lai hay hay ba ngfiy tdi Chung tdi tfing cho ehua dao Hai tfic: Hai cfii Jackan ldn (fi'm dun nUdc Nhat Ban) Bdn cai Jackan nhd Mpt binh pha chd kim loai Sau cfii quat ngdn Guando vfi Striek Ho dUdc tidp dai fin c i n vfi biet rfing vi$e chiing tdi ddn da Ifim nhfi vua rfi't hfii long, vfi ngUdi ta dfi ehd dpi nhQng ngUdi Hfi Lan tQ nfim ngoai, vi ngudi Bd Dfio Nha dfi loan bao v l dU dinh eua chung tdi Hp ludn nhfie lai nhQng ldi vu khdng quen thupc, xiii bfiy nhfi vua ehdng lai chung tdi Thfim chf hp cdn canh bao rfing cd t h i chung tdi cd y dinh am hai nhfi vua, rfing chiing tdi se den yet kiln ngfii cd mang gUdm gifio vfi siing diig, rfing chiing tdi di tQ Quinam den dfiy Tuy nhien tfi't ea nhQng ldi ndi nham nhf dd dfi khdng tac dpng dUdc tdi nhfi vua nhU hp mong muon - 18 thdng TQ Dofin dai bilu ciia nhfi vua mfit d mot ndi tren bd g i n cho tfiu chung tdi dfiu Hp yeu c l u vien thuyin trudng cua chiing tdi hfiy ddn nghe tuyen dpc Ifi thu cua nhfi vua Cfic dng Hartsinek vfi Vincent Romeyn bdn rdi tfiu ddn dia diem tren dfit liln, ndi ngUdi ta se dpc vfi giai thfeh Ifi thU La thU dUdc hilu ^ nhU sau: Thu eiia nhfi vua Dfing Ngofii Nhfi vua lfi'y Ifim hfii Idng v l vi^c nhQng ngUdi Hfi Lan den NhQng dai bilu da dUpe - 15 thdng TQ Chung tdi ehfing cd vipe cii d l dfin nhQng ngUdi Hfi Lan vfi hfing gi Ifim hda v l tdi trieu dinh L i n nfiy, ngUdi ta - 17 thdng TQ Chung tdi gifi'u cfi't di 18 khdng khfim xdt tfiu nhU thudng 1$, hdm bae de khdi bi tim thfi'y khfim xdt nhUng nhfi vua mudii rfing hp phai trao cho tfiu mpt ban danh muc chfnh xfic v l t i t ca mpi - Dofin dai bieu da den vdi khoang 16, 17 vfit phfim chQa tren tfiu, khdng dU«?c gilu chide thuyen chdo, cd nhipm vu chuyen chd gidm b i t cQ thQ gi theo nhQng hfing hda tdi kinh thfinh Ke Sau dd cfic dai bieu dfi len tfiu, kdm theo Chd Hp tha neo d g i n tfiu vfi mang mpt so ddng binh si, dieu mfi ehiing tdi cho theo tren thuyen mpt ngUdi Nhfit Ban Ifi nhQng thdng tin ddi trfi ciia ngUdi Bo thdng thao tieng Dfing Ngofii vfi tieng Bd Dfio Nha Trong cudc ndi chuydn, chiing tdi Dfio Nha (21) da phfit hi§n nguyen cd ciia si^ nghi ky Cfic dng Hartsinek vfi Vincent Romesm canh gific ciia hp, vfi de ti^ bao v§, chiing tdi xud'ng cfic thuyin cung vdi hai vien thdng dfi dUa ldi giai thfeh thudng tinh Chiing RhCmg thuong nhto "^h Lan dau ti^n tdi dfi k l tdi Nhfit Ban, ndi mfi chung tdi da ed nhQng mdi quan h$ tdt dep nhfit vdi chinh quyin (22), mfi ngUdi Bd Dfio Nha thi khdng Ifim dUde nhU vfiy, hp dfi bi khoanh vfio mpt hdn dao r i t nhd Chung tdi ndi v l viec budn bfin sau nfiy vdi Dfing Ngofii, vdi nhQng chide tfiu ldn Chung tdi tQ biet nhu ban bd NhUng hfing hda dUde bdc dd khdi tfiu -19 thdng TQ Vfio lue gid sfing, chung tdi giong budm vdi 10 chide thuyin chfit diy hang hda ciia Cdng ty vfi cua cfic dai bilu Tdi liic mfit trdi Ifin, chung tdi tdi sdng Coua lacq (23) Ifi ndi chung tdi dang dinh den - 20 thdng TQ Tam chide thuyen da tdi lfing Jansy Cac bdn bfii chung quanh trdng cfi'y tdt tUdi, phong canh ngoan mue - 21 thdng TQ LUC mpt gid ehilu, chung tdi g^p chide thuyen mfinh ehd eac cha ed (paters jonk) eua ngUdi Bd Dfio Nha vfi mpt thuyin mfinh hipu Hfi Lan (galiote), cd mpt thuyin chidn dung mai ehdo cua nhfi vua di kdm Chung tdi dUde biet rfing chide thuyen CHU dd chd 620 ta td sd'ng Chide thuyin mfinh dfi den tQ thfing 11, cdn chide thuyin budm galiote den vfio thang 12 nfim ngofii Chung tdi tide rfing tfiu Waterlooge Werve cua chung tdi khdng t h i tdi dUde vi theo hoach dinh, hfin tfiu cdn dang vUpt trung dUdng - 22 thdng TQ Vfio budi chieu, chiing tdi den Ke Chd, va hQa hpn vdi vien quan vfi vien cai ba tfiu nhiing dieu tdt dpp, neu nhU hp bao dam cho chiing tdi dUde budn ban thufin ldi xQ Hp xin chung tdi nhQdng cho hp hdm bac di trao ddi bfing vipe hp se cung cfi'p td eho chung tdi, ndi rfing dd Ifi tyc lp eiia nhQng thUdng nhfin Nhfit Ban ciing nhu thUdng nhan cfic nUde khfic Mfic du chung tdi ehfing lfi'y g^ Ifim thich thu ifim nhUdng eho hp sd bac, nhien ngUdi ta da quydt dinh Ifim dieu dd, sau nhieu cupe thUdng thao Theo y kien cua ngUdi phien dich, chung tdi se dUa cho hp hdm bac, vdi dilu kipn Ifi phai cung cfi'p cho chung tdi mpt trpng lupng td loai mpt gfi'p 17 Ifin hdn trpng lupng bac (17 fackaer) (24) (Cdn nQa) THtCH Cfim dn TS Hoing Anh Tuft'n, TrUcIng DHKHXH&NV da giji y giiip vi^c djch mOt sff tit chuyen m6n (1) Djch theo ban djch tifi'ng Phfip cua Geerta: Voyage du yacht hollandais "Grol" du Japon au Tonkin (31 Janvier 1637, Aout 1637) dfing Revue Indochinoise, t.V.n° 55&56 (1907) Tvit chu thich (2) trd di Ifi chu thfeh cua Geerts, trii nhOng chS ghi them [ ] Ifi ciia ngUcli dich (2) Trong ti§'ng Hfi Lan c6' tis "yacht" chi mpt tfiu biln, ngfiy txi c6 nghia Ifi mpt "du thuydn" 77 (3) ThUdng diS'm dfiu tien cua ngUdi Hfi Lan t?! Nh4t Ban dfi Jacques Spex lfip nfim 1609 cl mui Dong Bfic hdn dao Hirado [c6n gpi Ifi Firado], n^m d 33°22' vi Bfic vfi 129°35' kinh Dong Nfim 1641 (ngfiy 21-5), thUdng Ax6m nfiy dU(?c ddi chuyen de'n Nagasaki, tren hon dao nho Deshima (4) Santwoort da cl Nhfit Ban 37 nfim, cho d^n tfiu Grol rdi di Dfing Ngofii (5) Karel Hartsinek da thfinh lfip d Dfing Ngofii nfim 1638 thUdng diem Pho Hi^n (Hung Yen), c6 thcli ky ndi nfiy da cfi tdi 3000 nfic nhfi, 78 cac ngUdi Hfi Lan, Anh, Bo Dfio Nha v i Phap Ngudi ta cfi ten ciia nhflng vien giam doc thUdng die'm nfiy cho den nfim 1700, liic thUdng diem bj Jacob van Loo tit bo, sau nhieu vy vi$c khfi khfin vdi cac quan lai xU Dfing Ngofii Theo ong Lesonfach6, mpt nhiing vien si quan da nghien cUu ky v l Dfing Ngofii, thi phin cua ngUdi Hfi Lan d tren dilm ciia Sd t u i n ty Phu Ly, khu dfi't ciia hp d each xa mpt chiit chan tang nui da voi cfi thfinh thing ddng [nhfin dinh nfiy khong phii h(?p vdi nhflng nghien cUu ciia G.Dumoutier sau nfiy] nhiing lai buon di lai vdi cac mien xa xU, nhu da cdn de lai nhQng ten khfic tren nhiJng tang da nhilu ndi tren thupng luu song Hong vfi nhft't Ifi ben bd song Day, ndi cdn mpt tang da khfic chii Baron 1680 vfi Vischer 1678 (6) Thdi ky nfiy ngudi Hfi Lan da cfi mpt thUdng diem tren bd biln phfa tay dao Formose ThUdng diS'm nfiy cfi ten Ifi Tayouwan hoftc phao dfii Zelandia (7) Dudi day ngudi ta sg thft'y r^ng ngudi Hfi Lan gpi thfinh Hul^ Ifi Quinam [thi^c Quinam Ifi Quang Nam, tiic Hpi An] (8) Turon hay Touran chfic chfin phai lft Tourane (Ciia Hfin = Dfi Ning) Ngudi ta biit ring Tourane Ifi viing dfiu dpp nhfi't nim g^iiia bd biln phfa dong ciia ban dao Dong DUdng, cfich H u l 15 d$m v l phfa Dong Nam Dja diem nfiy thang 81858 dfi bj mpt dpi qufin Phap - Tfiy Ban Nha bp len danh chiem, theo m$nh l^nh cua d6c Rigault de Genouilly (9) Ten gpi Quinam nhft't thilt phai nfii vl mpt dia diem vdng vjnh Tourane hay cl lan cftn vdi vdng nfiy mfi khong phai Ifi Quy Nhdn, ndi nfiy each 70 dfim vl phfa Nam (Qui Nhdn da bj nUdc Phap chiem tit hda udc 1874 Va l?i kinh ciia Annam liic dfi ciing nhU bfiy gid Ifi Hul, chi each mpt vfii dfim ve phfa Dong Bfic Tourane Do dfi, ten gpi nhfi vua xU Quinam, tUdng dUdng vdi nhft vua xii Hul, nghia lft nhfi vua Annam Rghi&n cijru Lich sJr sg 4.2009 [Quinam d day khong phai Ifi Qui Nhdn, ciing khdng phai Ifi Hul, mfi lft Quang Nam, d dfiy chfnh lft Hpi An nghia rpng Ifi xU Dftng Trong] (10) Thuc vfty, nhQng nhfi vua Annam vfi Tongquin dang cfi chien tranh vfio thdi k^ nfiy, Dilu dfi Ifi mpt bing cU khac chiing to ring cvm tit "nhfi vua xU Quinam" cuon nhfit k^ hfinh trinh Ifi muon snfii tdi nhfi vua Annam (11) Hdn dao nfiy chfic h i n phai lft dao Boissieux d vfio khoang 17o49' vi Bfic, diing Ifi nim d quang giiia hai miii dfi't ciia mui Bon hay Vpng ki hao kfio dfii Ngudi ta biet r i n g miii dfi't nfiy Ifi dilm chfit cua bien gidi giiia Dfing Trong vfi Dfing Ngofii, gin dfi Ifi dudng ldn ciia d l quoc Annam di qua nhiing ndi cUc k^ nfing bong dUpc cfic phfio dfti nhd bao v§ (Xem Revue de Geographic s6 thfing 10-11/1880 bfii bao cua TS Maget nhan dl: "Nghien cUu to'ng quat v l xU Dfing Ngofii" (12) Chic chin day Ifi mpt nhQng ndi bo neo d bd biln phfa tay hdn dao ldn Cfic-bfi, hdn dao tren loi vfio Ciia Cfi'm, ciia biln dl vfio nhft't ciia song Hong, ngfiy vin cdn Hon dao ho§c nhQng hdn dao Sahou mfi ngUdi ta nfii din nh$t ky r6 rftng lft nhiing dao Norway ngfty (13) Ten gpi Giang d dfiy cfi nghia Ifi song CiJta phfa Bfic ciia song Hong nfii din dfiy hi§n cfi ten lft Ciia Cft'm [Gidi sii hpc Vi§t Nam ngfiy cho ring ciia sdng nfiy Ifi cvta Thai Binh] (14) Dilu dfi chiing to ring cho din Iiic dfi ngudi Nhftt Ban vin tu budn bfin vdi Dftng Ngofii, ciing nhu nhQng chUng cQ cua nhQng do^n trfch din tU nhQng cudn sach ciia Nh$t Ban nfii vl vft'n dl nfiy mfi chiing toi se cung eft'p d ben dudi Sic l^nh nghigm khic ciia chfnh quyin M^c phu nfim 1633, cfi'm nhQng ngudi Nhftt vdi t§i danh tii hinh, khdng dU