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f>!A DUNH HQC VI|T NdN TRUNG QUdC: HI|N TR0NG V(k TRIEN VQNG TRXNK^HOA* Dat van d l Rit nhilu sfl saeh vd dfl dja chf Tmng QuIc diu ed ghi chdp dja danh Vift Nam Tuy nhidn, ede cdng trinh dja danh hpc d Trung Quoc chi ghi chdp nguIn gdc vd y nghia dja danh, chfl khdng nghidn cflu da ehilu vd tong hpp, eho ndn ehfla phdt triln thdnh mdt ngdnh nghidn eiiu ddc I^p Dja danh hpe Vi§t Nam (DDHVN) d Tmng Quoe eung vdy: Lidt kd nhilu, tong kit ft; thfldng bidn khao mdt vdi dja danh, ft nhdn xdt trdn binh di$n tong thi Dja danh hpc hifn dai d Tmng QuIc dflde hinh thdnh vd phdt triln tfl nhihig ndm diu t h i ky XX Trong qud trinh ndy, DDHVN d Tmng QuIc eung din din dflpc md rdng tfl duydn cdch ddn nhit sang cdch tilp edn ting hdp gIm dja ly hpe Ijeh sfl (historical geography), ngdn ngfl vdn hod vd dja danh hpc flng dyng Sau ddy, bdi viit ndy se dilm lai ea ba cdch tilp edn trdn ddy I Nghidn ciJhi dja ly hpc l|ch avi v l dja danh Vift Nam Khd nhilu hpe gia Trung Qude eoi dja danh hpe Id mdt chi nhdnh cua dja ly hpe Ijeh sfl (1) Cdch phan loai ndy vfla Id sfl anh hfldng efla dja danh hpc truyin thong cua Trung Quoc, vfla Id sfl gdn bd chdt ehe gifla dja danh vd phfldng phdp dja ly hpe Ijeh sfl Trung Quoc vd Vidt Nam cd quan hd Ijch sfl, vdn hod ddc bidt, ndn DDHVN d Trung QuIc ndi ridng, DDHVN ndi ehung diu khdng thi khdng dp dyng phfldng phdp dja ly hpc ljch sfl Sfl hpe vd ngdn ngfl - vdn hod Id hai linh vfle truyin thong efla Vi^t Nam hpc d Trung QuIc (2), cho ndn, trflde hit phai dilm lai DDHVN d Tmng Qude linh vfle dja ly hpc ljch sfl Theo thu thdp efla ehflng tdi, An Nam thdi ky qudn huyin (1945) eiia Ld Chfnh Phfl Id mpt nhflng cdng trinh vl dja danh Viet Nam sdm nhit CuIn sdeh ndy dd nghidn cflu giai doan ljch sfl Vidt Nam tfl nhd Tin, Han din Minh thude, lflpc khao mdt so dja danh Vidt Nam, vd trdn ed sd dd tong kit ddc dilm duydn cdch ciia ede ddn vj hdnh chfnh Vift Nam: "Nhilu qudn, huydn dflde Idp mdi hodc sdt nhdp, xod bd, d^c bidt Id sau ddi Lfldng, ddi Trln Khao vl vj tri vd qua trinh thay dli eua ehflng thfle sfl Id mpt cdng vife phfle tap" (3) * ThS Trfldng Dai hpc Ngofii ngfl Ngofii thfldng Quang Ddng • Trung QuIc 40 Mdt so cdng trinh dja Iy hpc Ijch sfl Vift Nam eua nflde ngodi dflpc phidn djeh d Tmng Quoe Trflde hit, Phflng Thfla Qudn da djeh ede cdng trinh Khdo vi qudn Tiipng ddi Tdn Hdn, Khdo vi dia gidi An Nam dd hd phi ddi Dudng cua Maspero, Bddi si liiu Chiim Thdnh, Khdo vi nhd Tdn ehiim An Nam (La premiere conquete Chinoise des Pays Annamites) eua L Aurousseau vd sdeh chuydn khao Lich si Chdm-pa eua Maspero Ngodi ra, edn viit Bdng duyin cdch tinh, Ip An Nam Mdt s l dja danh Vidt Nam CO dai dflde khao cflu cdc cdng trinh trdn Phflng Thfla Qudn nhdn thiy ring vife Vidt Nam doi dflng chfl quoc ngfl se gdy anh hfldng to Idn tdi vipc sfl dyng, nghidn cflu dja danh Vift Nam: "Dja chf cdn dai cua Vidt Nam ft dflpc ngfldi Trung Quoc bilt din Tfl quoc ngfl Vift Nam dflde biln, Han vdn gin nhfl bj bd hit Khi dpe sdeh sfl dja Vift Nam ngfldi Tdy viit, nlu khdng thao tiing Vift thi khd md khdi phye ten eu dflpc" (4) Sau dd, Ddi Kha Lai da djch Ddt nUdc Viet Nam qua ede ddi (1973) mdt cdng tnnh tidu bilu efla nhd sfl hpe Vift Nam Ddo Duy Anh Tdc gia edn hif u chfl Gia Dinh thdnh thdng ehi (1991) efla Trinh Hodi Dflc, dd ghi ehu sfl thay doi efla mdt so dja danh hdnh ehfnh, vd xfl ly sd bd dja danh chfl Ndm Linh ngogi dgi ddp Dfldng Vu Tuyln hifu chfl (1999) da khao vl ede dja danh Thdi Binh Trai, On Nhudn Trai Canh Huf Linh cd bdi vidt Diin tich dia danh trin vdn kfide Viit Nam Khi phidn dieh, hifu dinh, chfl thich ede loai el tjch vl thdng sfl Vidt Nam vd ljch sfl giao thdng, ede hpc gia Tmng Quoc eung ed chfl thfch dja danh Vift Nam hflu quan, vf dy Dgi Viet si ky todn thU hiiu dinh (19841986), Dgi Viet si lUpc hiiu dinh (1987) ciia Trln Kinh Hod, An Nam ehi lUpc (1987) Rghi&i cflu Lich sfl sg 7.2011 Vu Thfldng Thanh hifu chfl, Viit Nam tfldng si (1992) Ddi Kha Lai phidn djeh, Dinh Nhai Thdng Ldm (1935) Phflng Thfla Qudn hifu chfl Si lieu giao thdng giia Trung Qude vd phUOig Tdy (1977) Trfldng Tinh Lfldng chu bidn, ChUpfian chi (1998) Dfldng Bde Vdn hifu chfl, Ddo di chi lupc (1999) Td K l Thinh hidu ehu Cde quyin Chi thich dia dU chinh si cde ddi Ddm Ky Tfldng chu bidn cd thu thdp cde ehu thfch cua ehfnh sfl ddi vdi dja danh Vift Nam thdi ky Bde thude Mdt so saeh chuydn khao vd bdi viit bit diu bdn v l dja danh Vift Nam dfldi gdc nhin nhdn vdn, Uch sfl vd xd hdi, vf dy Qud trinh nhd Minh lap vd bo qudn huyin dAn Nam (1961) cua Trln Chfldng, SU thay ddi da tin nUdc vd phdn cdp dOn vi fidnh ehinh (1993) efla Trln Ngpc Long, Cdi ngudn Giao Chi (1994) cua Dien Hiiu Vdn, Quan hi phu thupe da An Nam giai dogn giia vd cudi nhd Diidng (1998) eua Mao Hdn Quang, Nude Dd Nguyin Hdn Thu nin d 6c Eo Viit Nam (2006) eua Tfldng Quoe Hpc, ludn an tiln si An Nam dd hp phi vd biin cUOng miin Nam nhd Dudng (2010) eua Trln Quoe Bao Dgi ti diin dia danh lich si Trung Quoc (2005) Sfl Vi Lac chfl bidn da thu thdp vd khao ehflng tl mi cdc dia danh Vift Nam thdi ky BIC thude Ddu tich cddgi dia danh Viet Nam (5) cua Quach Thanh Ba dfla kit ludn Id ehi dd hdnh ehfnh Trung QuIc anh hfldng manh din dja danh Vift Nam, nhidn sfl anh hfldng ndy dang ngdy cdng suy giam Cde cdng trinh v l dja ly hdnh ehinh cung cd bdn v l dia danh ljch sfl eua Vift Nam, vi dy Dia ly hdnh ehinh Tdy Hdn (1987) eua Chu Chd'n Hac, Cuong vUc vd don vi hdnh chinh Lue Triiu (2001) cua Hi A Tfldng, Dia ly chi Tam Qude (2004) cua Sia danh hpc Vi6t Ram d Tnmg Qugc Lflu Doan Ldn, Dia ly hdnh chinh nhd Ngd Tmng QuIc (2008) cua Trln Kifn Mai Gin ddy n h i t Id Tfidng si dOn vi fidnh chinh Trung Qudi: Chu Chin Hac chu bidn, dd quyin nhd Dfldng Qudeh Thanh Ba viit dd thu thdp, khao ehflng hdn 200 dja danh ljch sfl Vift Nam Ludn dn tiln si Dia ly hdnh ehinh nhd Nguyin (1989) cua Vfldng Dinh, Cdc phi chdu li thupe nhd Dudng (1997) cua Lflu Thing cd nghidn cflu khd sdu vl dja danh hdnh ehfnh ddi Dfldng vd ddi Minh Dja diem cua qudn Tfldng ddi Tin, Hdn Id mdt vlh d l dja danh Vift Nam dflpc hpe gia Trung QuIc tranh cdi gay git nhit Mdt phdi Id quan dilm cua Hdn thU - Dia l^ chi (do L Aurousseau khao chflng) vdi nhflng hpe gia nhfl Phflng Thfla Qudn, Qudeh Mae Nhfl, Trinh Quang Dy, Ddm Thdnh Min Phdi thfl hai Id quan diem cua Hdn thU Chiiu Di ky (do Maspero, Ddo Duy Anh khao chflng) vdi cde chuydn gia nhfl Ddm Ky Ldn, Mdng Vdn Thdng, Chu ChSii Hac Qua nhflng phan tfch trdn, ed thi nhin thiy ring, DDHVN d Trung QuIe dfldi gdc nhin dja ly hpe ljch sfl cd ba ddc dilm sau ddy: Thi nhdt, vin thidn v l duydn cdch vd khao cflu sfl anh hfldng efla dja danh hpe tmyIn thong, md It quan tdm din quan hf tfldng tae gifla dja danh vd mdi trfldng xd hdi Cde nhd dja ly hpc ljch sfl Tmng Qude thfldng chi dfla vdo sdeh eo, eho ndn ehi ed thi nghidn cflu dja danh Vift Nam chdp bing chfl Hdn, dd dja danh hdnh chfnh Id chfnh Neu cd t h i tiln hdnh diin dd, hdp tdc vdi dong nghifp Vift Nam, chic ed thi di sdu hdn nfla, chfl khdng phai ehi phan bif n dfla vdo sfl lif u sdeh el dl bif n ludn Thi hai, ddi vdi dja ly hpc ljch sfl edn hifn dai eua Tmng QuIc, phidn djeh, hifu 41 chfl ludn ludn ed vj tri quan trpng Mdt mdt, Tay hpe du nhdp Trung Quoc, khoa hpc xd hdi eua Trung Quoc lae hdu hdn so vdi phfldng Tdy, eho ndn phidn djeh cdng tiinh nghidn cflu dja danh Vift Nam efla hpe gia phfldng Tdy eung trd ndn ein thilt "^ nghia eua djeh phim Phiing Thfla Qudn Id dfla phfldng phdp ngdn ngfl hpe so sdnh Hch sfl vdo dja danh hpc, ldm cho phfldng phdp nghidn cflu efla dja danh hpe phd v3 sfl han ehe eua dja danh hpe truyin thong (6) Mat khde, d thdi ky edn hidn dai, mdt so thdnh qua nghidn cflu hch sfl, efldng vfle eua tdc gia Vidt Nam dfldi gdc nhin ridng efla Vift Nam da ddi NhQng cdng trinh ndy cd gid tri tham khao ddi vdi hpe gia Tnmg Quoe, cho ndn ein lfla chpn de phidn djeh vd hifu chfl Vf dy, Viet Nam si lupc cua Trln Trpng Kim "Id bd thdng sfl Vipt Nam diu tidn viit bing chfl qude ngfl vdi ldp trfldng khach quan, sfl lifu ddng tin c$y, ddnh diu mft giai doan mdi eua sfl hpe Vift Nam" (7) Chinh vi v^y, djch phim mang tdn Viet Nam thdng si dk trd thdnh sach chuydn khao khdng thi tbilu cho vifc nghidn cflu lieh sfl Vidt Nam Thi ba, cdng tnnh khoa hpc hifn ed ft nghien cflu dja danh Vidt Nam sau thdi ky Bie thufc Nguydn nhan ehfnh Id ede nhd dia ly hpc ljch sfl d Tmng Quoe ehfla coi Vift Nam Id mdt doi tfldng nghidn eiiu ddc Idp, eho ndn da so cdng trinh la nhdm phye vy cho nghidn ciiu dja ly hpc hch sfl Tmng QuIe Chflng tdi eho ring, phai eoi dja danh Vidt Nam Id mft ddi tflpng nghien cflu ehinh thi, tfl el dai din edn dai, mdi ed the phdc hoa todn eanh eua dja danh Vift Nam dfldi gdc nhin dja ly hpe hch sfl II Nghien cufu ngon ngut van hoa v l dja danh Viet Nam Dia danh Id mdt hifn tfldng ngdn ngfl ddc bidt Dfldi hinh thfle ngdn ngfl ndy, 42 thfldng I n chfla nhflng ban sic vdn hod, cd the phan anh bd mdt Ijeh sfl cua ddi song xd hdi Dja danh Id chd't tai efla ngdn ngfl vd vdn hod Id mdt dilm kit hdp quan trpng eua ngdn ngfl hpc vd vdn hod hpc Nghidn cflu ngdn ngfl vdn hod Id linh vfle quan trpng cua DDHVN d Trung Quoc, nhidn dfldc triln khai khd mudn nhieu nguydn nhdn khde Sii thay ddi da phd'ngUdi Dudng Tp Ho Chi Minh (1993) eua Thim Ldp Tan viit rang: "Da so dfldng vd d Chd Ldn mang ten tieng Phdp, bien dfldng vd Id tdn djch chfl Han" (8), dd ed p h i Quang Ddng, Phfle Kiln, Vdn Nam Nhflng bdi vie't ndy mang tinh gidi thifu hdn Id nghien cflu Sii dnh hiidng da vdn fiod dia danh Trung Quoc dot vdi Viit Nam (2001) efla Hoa Ldm Phu da td'ng kit ddc diem cua quan hf hch sfl vdn hod ddc bif t gifla hai nflde qua dja danh Vift Nam Cae nhd dia ly hpe ljch sfl Trung QuIc da nghidn cflu dja danh Viet Nam khd nhilu khudn kho dja danh hpc truyin thong, cho ndn ed t h i tdn dyng ede loai sach CO bing chfl Hdn eua Tmng Quoe vd Vift Nam dl nghidn cflu vd'n dl vdn hod cua dia danh Vift Nam Trong Vift Nam hpc phdt triln rim rd d Trung Quoc, dja danh Viet Nam dflpc quan tdm ngdy cdng nhilu Tin niidc Dgi Co Viit vd phdn tich ngi nghia Vuong Lang Quy (2000) efla Ky Quang Mflu phdn tfch y nghia efla Dai Co Vift tfl gdc dp vdn tfl, hch sfl Phdn logi ngi nguyin dia danh Viet Nam (2010) cua Trln K l Hoa liy cdch dpc Han Vift ldm tieu chf de phdn loai dia danh Viet Nam (9) Dilu dang chfl y Id, mdy ndm gin day, mdt so ludn dn thac si d Tmng Qude da Id'y dja danh Vift Nam ldm ddi tfldng nghien ciiu, ey t h i Id Dia danh hdnh chinh Viet Nam (2005) efla Trln K l Rghito eihi Lieh siSr s l 7.2011 Hoa, Nghiin ciu vi dia danh fidnh chinh Viit Nam (2007) eua Luc Ldi Qudn, Nghiin ciu vi dia danh Ldo Cai (2010) efla Ly Lf Quydn Nhin chung Lye Lpi Qudn vd Ly Lf Quydn kit hdp gdc nhin dong dai vdi ljch dai, chu ylu nghien cflu v l mdt ngdn ngfl, vdn hoa cua dja danh, Trln K l Hoa chfl yeu nghidn cflu trdn binh difn dong dai nhim mye dieh flng dyng Cae ludn an thac si trdn nghidn cflu sdu hdn, rdng hdn so vdi bdi bdo khoa hpe trdn tap chf, ed y nghia khd quan trpng vide thuc dly sfl phdt trien cua DDHVN d Tmng Quoe Ngdn ngi hgc vdn hod Viet Nam (2006) efla Ky Quang Mflu ddnh mdt chfldng cho mil quan hf gifla dja danh vd vdn hod - xa hdi Vift Nam, ey t h i Id ddc trflng ngdn ngfl hpc cua dja danh, ddc trflng vdn hod kinh t l efla dja danh, dja danh vdi tam Iy dan tdc, dja danh vdi ljch sfl vdn hod vd ehinh trj (10) Nghiin ciu vi ngdn ngi vd vdn hod Viit Nam (2008) eua Pham Hong Quy da nghidn cflu v l vdn hod dja danh, qua dd khao sdt mdt s l biln dli ljch sfl Viet Nam (11) Dja danh Vift Nam di vdo hai cdng trinh chuydn khao trdn, ddnh diu nd dd trd ddi tfldng khdng thi thiiu nghien cflu ngdn ngfl, vdn hod Vidt Nam ndi ridng, Vift Nam hpc ndi chung Nghidn cflu ngdn ngfl, vdn hod eua dia danh Vift Nam d Trung Quoe ed ba ddc dilm nhfl sau: Thi nhdt, ehu t h i nghidn cflu va phfldng phdp nghidn ciiu ngdy cdng mang tfnh lidn ngdnh Cde ngdnh dja ly hpc hch sfl, ngdn ngfl hpe vdn hod, ddn tpc hpe diu quan tdm din ddc tning ngdn ngfl, vdn hoa efla dja danh Vift Nam Sy triing hpp ndy Id vj tri quan trpng eua dja danh Vift Nam hf thing Vift Nam hpe d Trung Bia danh hpc Vi&t Ram Trung Quge Quoc Trong Knh vfle ndy, phfldng phdp phdn tfch da ngdnh d i n d i n dflde dp dyng, t h i hifn rd r f t ddc t n i n g da ngdnh eua dja danh hpc Thi hai, dpi ngu nghidn cflu dflpc b l sung vd tre hod Ngodi chuydn gia, hpe gia noi t i i n g ra, mdt so nhd nghidn cflu tre ngdnh Vift Nam hpc, dja Iy hpc hch sfl cung b i t d i u nghien cflu dja danh Vift Nam, tidu bieu nhd't Id ba ludn dn thac si nhfl trdn da de cdp Thi ba, sd Ifldng thdnh qua nghidn cflu v i n cdn ft Ngay ea s l ngfldi ngdnh Vift Nam hpc d T m n g Qude cung cd ban, chfl chfla ndi d i n s l ngfldi nghidn cflu ve dja danh Vift Nam Gidi dja Iy hpe ljch sfl T m n g Quoe eung mdi b i t d i u di vdo linh vfle ndy Nhfl vdy, so Ifldng vd chd't Iflpng nghidn cflu d i u cdn hpn c h i ddng k l Cai khoang t r i n g ndy se dflpc bfl lyi dfldi sy c l ging chung cua cde ngdnh khoa hpe hflu quan d Trung QuIe III N g h i d n ciifu flng d y n g x a h p i ciia dja d a n h Vidt N a m Nghidn cflu v l flng dyng xa hdi cua dja danh Vift Nam thude pham trfl dja danh hpc flng dyng (pratical toponymy) Dja danh hpe flng dyng Id mdt chi nhdnh ciia dja danh hpc, chfl y l u nghidn cflu v l ngfl am, cdch v i i t cua dja danh, xfl ly dja danh nflde ngodi tiing Tmng (transformation of geographical names &om foreign languages into Chinese) eung nhfl lflu trfl, tim kilm, quan ly dja danh Nghidn cflu flng dyng efla dja danh Vift Nam d Trung Qude hifn dang tdp t m n g phfldng phdp xfl ly tiing Han Trong Quy tdc xi ly dia danh nUde ngodi (1978) Uy ban Dja danh T m n g Qude cdng b l , d i l u vd dilu 10 d i u cd hen quan d i n vife xfl ly dja danh Vift Nam (XLDDVN) t i i n g Hdn Vdn ban chinh 43 thfle ndy da k h i n g djnh tinh quan trpng vd sfl c i n t h i l t efla cdng tdc nghidn ciiu phfldng phdp XLDDVN tiing Han Mdt s l sdeh cdng ey ddi de ddp iing nhu e l u sfl dyng dja danh Vidt Nam cua xa hdi Uy ban Dia danh Trung Qude da bidn tdp sd tay dia danh nUdc ngodi (1983), r l i t h i m djnh Sd tay dia danh tfiigidi (1984) vdi hdn 3000 dja danh Vidt Nam Cho d i n nay, hai sd tay ndy v i n Id sach cdng ey tra cflu dia danh nUde ngodi ed uy tfn nhd't d Trung Quoe So tay dia danh hdnh chinh Viit Nam (2004) Tflng Quoe T h i n g chu bidn da dich hdn 10 nghin dja danh hdnh chinh Vift Nam tfnh d i n cuoi ndm 2002, vd dat Ta mdt so nguyen t i e xfl ly cd ban, ddc bidt nhin manh phfldng phdp xfl ly ten ehung vd ten ehung dflde sfl dyng lam danh tfl ridng (danh tfl ridng hod) (12) Trong bdn v l nguydn tdc vd phfldng phap cd ban vide xfl ly dja danh nflde ngodi tiing Han, gidi dia danh hpc Trung Quoe nhd'n manh phai dung nguydn chfl Han efla dja danh Vift Nam tiing dflde ghi chdp b i n g chfl Han Dia danh hgc ing dung (1994) cho r i n g : "Dia danh phi Han ngfl dfldc ghi chdp b i n g chfl Han, thdng thfldng khdng phidn dm, md phai dflng nguydn each viet chfl Han dd Ddy Id phfldng phdp gifl ed'u hinh bd ngfl dm" (13) Bdi Thi pfidn tich viic ddi ten ggi Hdn Thdnh sang Seoul (2005) ndu rd, nhflng dja danh tiing dflde ghi chdp b i n g chfl Han efla Nhdt Ban, Trilu Tien, Vidt Nam nen dflde xfl ly tiing Han b i n g each chuyen tfl (transliteration), tfle Id dflng chfl Han c h u i n hidn h a n h thay cho chfl Hdn von cd (14) Bdi Bdn vi cdch xi ly dia danh nUdc ngodi nhd'n manh phai dflng nguydn chfl Han von dfldc sfl dyng d l ghi chdp dja danh tiing Nhdt, tid'ng Trilu Tien, tiing Vidt Nam (15) Su thay ddi da dia gidi 44 Hghi&i eihi Lich siSr sg 7.2011 vin d l khdng nhd, ed the gdy anh hfldng tnic tiep tdi sfl phdt trien cua Enh vfle ndy, vi t h i ein phai ndu di tim cdch giai quylt Thi nfidt, Unh quan trpng cua dja danh Viet Nam ehfla dflde nhdn thfle dflng mflc Nhd xuit ban Ban di Tmng QuIc da Mdt mdt, dra vdi gidi nghien ciiu, giang day xud't ban Ban bdn dao Ddng Dfldng ngoai ngfl d Tmng QuIc, cdng trinh nghidn (1971) vd Ban Vift Nam - Ldo - Cam-pu- cflu v l dja danh nflde ngodi thfldng ehi Id chia (2008), trdn ban ndm 2008 ed xfl ly san phim phy nghien cflu ngdn ngfl, mdt so dja danh Vift Nam tiing Hdn vdn hod "ehinh tdng" Tuy nhidn, quan Vifn Nghidn cflu Dja danh thude Bd Dan hf ddc bift "dong ehflng, ding vdn" gifla ehfnh da xay dflng mdt kho dfl lipu dja Tmng Quoe vd Vift Nam, gid trj ngdn ngfl, danh Vift Nam Tap ehi Dia danh hoc d van hod vd ljch sfl eua dja danh Vift Nam Trung Qude chfl ylu Id Dia danh Trung bao gid eung khde b i n dia danh eua nhflng Qude, CiiOng vUc Trung Qude, cd in mdt so nflde n i m ngodi vflng vdn hod Hdn Mat cdng trinh nghien cflu vl dja danh Vift khde, vin cdn mdt so y kiln khae dpi ngu Vidt ngfl hpc Cd ngfldi eho Nam ring da so dja danh Vift Nam dflng tfl Han Vi dia danh Vift Nam tiing dflpc ghi Vift, vd ten djeh cua da so dja danh ldn dd chdp bdng chfl Han, ndn gidi dja danh hpe dflde xac djnh, edn cdc ldp dja danh khde Tmng Quoe ludn ludn quan tdm din vife thi khdng dang quan tam nhilu Chflng tdi flng dyng dja danh Viet Nam Tuy nhien, cho ring, XLDDVN tiing Han khdng nhdn thfle cua dpi ngu ndy doi vdi ddc diem chi Id vd'n d l xfl ly dia danh Hdn Vift, hdn ngdn ngfl, chfl viet efla dja danh Vift Nam t h i nfla, dja danh Hdn Viet edn ed gia trj bj ban chi bdi vi khdng bilt tiing Vift, each hpe thudt ddc bift ddi vdi Tmng Qude ciing trinh bdy eung qud ddn gian Miy ndm gin nhfl Vift Nam day, mdt so bai viit trdn tap chf khoa hpc Thi hai, phfldng phdp XLDDVN vd ludn an thac si efla gidi Vidt ngfl hpc tiing Han chfla dflde hodn thifn Dja danh Tmng Quoc b i t diu bdn vl vd'n d l ndy, giai quylt dfldc mdt so vlh dl ly thuyet Vift Nam dflde sfl dyng ngdy cdng nhilu vd vife XLDDVN tieng Han Ly Lf bien giao lflu hai nflde, nhflng Quydn ddnh mdt chfldng ridng de bdn vl vin cdn nhilu ton tai phfldng phdp vin de xfl ly dja danh cd nguon goe Quan xfl ly vi thieu nghidn cflu Iy thuylt, vi dy thoai Tdy Nam Tmng Qude, Trln K l Hoa tdn ehung eua ddn vj hdnh chfnh khdng tnic tiep liy vife XLDDVN tiing Han thong nhit, dflng chfl sai cho dja danh Han ldm doi tfldng nghidn cflu ea ludn an Vift, xfl ly dja danh chfl Ndm khdng hdp ly, phien dm song song vdi dich nghia Theo thac si Iln mdt s i b a i bdo khoa hpc thien y eua ehung tdi, phin "Dja danh ehfla rv Nhijfng van d l ton tai chdp bing chfl Hdn cua Trilu Tidn, Nh^t Vdi s't CO gang bin bi nhilu ndm, Ban, Vift Nam , cd t h i phidn dm theo DDHVN d Trung Quoc da ed thdnh tflu khd each dpc" dilu 10, phin "D^i vdi tdn dang kl, nhidn eung edn t i n tai mdt s l ehung dja ly cua dja danh Ddng Nam A, hdnh ehinh Viet Nam 30 ndm (2006) eua Chu Djnh Quoc nhdn djnh ring, Vift Nam Id mdt nhflng quoe gia thay doi dja gidi nhilu nhit, thfldng xuydn nhd't tren the gidi 30 ndm nay, nhilu dja danh hdnh ehinh eung thay di doi lai Bia danh hpc Vi^ Ram d Tnmg Qugc thfldng phidn dm tnide rli lai djeh nghia" dilu cua Quy tdc xi ly dia danh nUdc ngodi tiing Hdn diu cin phai sfla lai Vdn ban quy phym dd thi, thi khdng cin giai thfch thdm nfla vl sfl d p bdch vd cin thilt cua vife chuin hod phfldng phdp XLDDVN tiing Hdn Thi ba, hdp tdc nghidn cflu khoa hpe r i t ft Vi khdng bilt ho^c khdng thyo tiing Vidt, ede nhd dja danh hpc dja Iy hpc hch sfl Trung Quoc ehi ed t h i dflng tdi hfu chfl Hdn hodc tdi lifu qua phidn djeh, edn ede nhd Vift ngfl hpc lyi thiiu phfldng phdp nghidn cflu eua dja danh hpe, dja ly hpe ljch sfl Sfl giao Iflu gifla ngdnh trdn edn r i t it, nhflng thdnh qua nghidn cflu giao thoa hifn ed h i u h i t Id hdnh vi tfl phdt, chfl khdng phai thdng qua giao Iflu, hpp tdc lidn ngdnh Ding thdi, sfl giao Iflu v l dja danh hpc gifla Tmng QuIc vd Vift Nam cung ed n qud ft, dfl ed cung ehi d elp dd cd nhdn Thay cho Idri k i t Dja danh Vift Nam Id mdt dli tfldng nghidn cflu rd't cd y nghla chuydn ngdnh Vift Nam hpe d Tmng Quoc Sd di DDHVN d Tmng Quoc dat dflpc nhflng thdnh qua trdn, nguydn nhdn cdn ban Id gid trj to ldn cua dja danh Vift Nam linh vfle ngdn ngfl vdn hod vd dja ly - Ijch sfl Di sdu nghidn eiiu dja danh Vift Nam mf t cdch ting hdp bing phfldng phdp da ngdnh, se tdng ehilu sdu vd ehilu rpng cua Vift Nam hpc d Tmng Quoc, gdp thdm mdt gdc nhin mdi cho sfl giao lflu vdn hod gifla hai nflde, gdp phin thfle hifn tit hdn nfla chflc ndng phue vy xd hpi eua dja danh Vift Nam Dflng trflde nhflng ton tpi nhfl trdn, ein phai dly mynh nghidn cflu dja danh Vift Nam d Trung QuIc theo nhflng hfldng sau ddy: 45 Thi nhdt, di sdu trien khai nghidn eiiu ly thuylt vd flng dyng Trdn binh dif n Iy thuylt, phai vdn dyng tong hdp eae phfldng phdp ngdn ngfl hpc, vdn hod hpc, sfl hpe, dja ly hpc, dja danh hpc dl khai thac gid tri ngdn ngfl vdn hod vd dja ly, lich sfl eua dja danh Vidt Nam Khdng ehi nghidn cflu diu tfch ciia vdn hod Tnmg Quoc co dai dja danh Vift Nam, md edn ein nghien ciiu qud trinh tilp nhdn, eai tyo vdn hod Tmng Qude (eiing nhfl mdt s l nin vdn hod nflde ngodi khde) eua hf thong dja danh Vift Nam ndi ridng, hf thong vdn hod Vift Nam ndi ehung, vd mye dfch cura ciing Id qua dd dl phan tfch phfldng thfle tfl vd ban sle vdn hod Vift Nam Trdn binh difn iing dyng, phai tdn dyng nhiing thdnh qua nghidn eihi Iy thuylt dl sdm ldp nguydn tie vd phfldng phap XLDDVN tiing Hdn Thi hai, tdng cfldng hdp tdc lidn ngdnh d Tmng Qude Do bii canh tri thfle, tfnh chd't cdng tdc, mye dfch nghidn cflu khac nhau, ngdnh dja ly hpe ljch sfl, Vift ngfl hpe, dja danh hpe cd gdc nhin khde doi vdi dja danh Vift Nam, nhflng sfl giao thoa eua ehu thi nghidn cflu vd phfldng phdp nghidn cflu Id dilu td't nhidn Xu t h i ndy dflpc thi hifn cdng rd hdn nghidn cflu vd'n dl vdn hod efla dja danh Vift Nam bdng phfldng phdp dia ly hpe ljch sfl, eung nhfl nghidn cflu phfldng phap xfl ly tiing Han bing phfldng phdp ngdn ngfl, vdn hod vd dja ly hpc hch sfl Thi ba, dly manh giao lflu hdp tdc gifla Tmng Quoc vd Vift Nam Dja danh Vift Nam Id di san vdn hod cua dan tpe Vift Nam, nhflng dja danh Han Vift lai Id di san vdn hod ehung cua ca vflng vdn hod Hdn, ddy chinh Id ed sd dl hpc gia hai nflde triln khai hpp tae Ldp dja danh dflde d^t tdn bing tiing ndi dan tdc xuydn bidn gidi 46 gifla hai nflde cung Id doi tfldng c i n dfldc hpc gia hai nflde eflng quan tdm Di sdn Hdn Ndm Viit Nam - thU muc diyiu, Di sdn Hdn Ndm Viit Nam ihu muc di yiu bd di vk Viit Nam hdn vdn yin hdnh vdn hiin tap thdnh da eung elp kinh nghif m vd Idng lin eho sfl hdp tdc Enh vfle nghien eiiu dja danh Vift Nam Trong qud tiinh ndy, hpc gia Trung Quoc vfla cd t h i tdn dyng nhiing thdnh qua dd ed eua hpe gia Vift Nam, vfla Rghi&n cihi Lieh sJr s g 7.2011 cd the tiep cdn n h i l u sdeh H a n Ndm Sfl giao lflu vd hdp tdc ndy ed y nghia h i t sflc quan trpng dH vdi sfl phdt t r i l n hdn nfla eua DDHVN d Trung QuIc D i n g thdi, thdng qua sfl cdng tdc vdi dong nghifp Trung QuIc, cdc nhd nghidn ciiu Vift Nam cd t h i sdm khdi phye todn canh dja danh Hch sfl eua Vift Nam, tao dieu kifn eho vife phdt huy tot hdn nfla cua dja danh ljch sfl Vift Nam xd hdi ngdy CHUTHtCH (8) Thl[m Lip Tin, SU thay doi cua phdNgiM (1) Triu Dit Lan, Ddm IQ> Tumg bdn vi dia danh hgc, Nghien cihi dia danh hgc, KhUu Hong Dudng d Tp Ho Chi Minh [J] Sfl Lim 1993 (3), tr ChUdng chu bidn Nxb Nhan dan Lieu Ninh, nim 67-74 1984, Thim DUdng tr (9) TrSn Kl Hoa Phdn logi dm danh Viet Nam (2) Du Hudng Ddng, Hiin trang vd suy nghia theo ngit nguyin [J] Nghidn ciiu Ddng Nam A, 2010 (2) vi Viit Nam hgc d Trung Qude, Hpc bio dai hpc (10) K;^ Quang Muu, Ngdn ngS hgc vdn hod Trinh Chiu, 2005 (6), tr 154-157 tieng Viet, Nxb Nghe nhin Ngo^i ngQ Quin Giai (3) Ld Chfnh Phii An Nam thdi qu^n huyin, Ldi dSn tr 3, Nxb ThUdng mai tfn thU quin, 1945 phdng Lac Ditdng 2006 tr 373-385 (11) Pham Hing Qu^ LUu Chf Cudng Nghiin ciiu ngdn ngQ vdn hod Viet Nam, Nxb Dan tQc Bic Kinh 2008, tr 80-90 (4) Phfing Thfla Quin, Bdng duyin cdch tinh 16 An Nam, Nxb ThUdng vy tfn thU quin Bic (12) Tdng Qud'c Thing chu bidn, So tay dia Kinh 1962 tr 124 danh hdnh chinh Viet Nam, Nxb Nghi Vin Quin (5) Bii niy da tham gia Hdi thao quoc tl: su Bic Kinh, 2004, Thi 1§ tr 1-4 Nghien ciiu vi giang day tiing Vi$t lin thii nhtft (13) VUdng Tl Ddng Dja danh hgc iing dung, (6) Hin Quang Huy Ba giai doan phdt triin Nxb Xa hpi Trung Qude Bic Kinh 1994 tr 202-204 cHa dia danh hgc Trung Qude, Hioa hpc xa hdi (14) Pho Thi^n Tin Bic Kinh 1995 (4) tr 95-100 http://www.zsdmw.com/dmwh/shownew8.a8p?ID=2 (7) Trin Kinh Hoi, Qui trinh vin minh khai 44 Mang d^a danh Chiu Sdn hoa cua Vidt Nam Nguyin TrUdng T? vi Trin Trpng Kim, theo Ldi dich gia ciia Viet Nam si lUdc ciia Trin Trpng Kim Ddi Kha Lai djch, Nxb ThUdng vy tfn thu quin Bic Kinh, 1992 tr (15) Hiia Trilt Minh VUdng Minh Chf Bdn vi phuang phdp xi ly dia danh nUdc ngodi tiing Hdn, Bidn d|ch tdng lu^n, tr 146 Dii Loan qude lip bidn djch quin 2008 ... tning ngdn ngfl, vdn hoa efla dja danh Vift Nam Sy triing hpp ndy Id vj tri quan trpng eua dja danh Vift Nam hf thing Vift Nam hpe d Trung Bia danh hpc Vi&t Ram Trung Quge Quoc Trong Knh vfle ndy,... dyng dja danh Vidt Nam cua xa hdi Uy ban Dia danh Trung Qude da bidn tdp sd tay dia danh nUdc ngodi (1983), r l i t h i m djnh Sd tay dia danh tfiigidi (1984) vdi hdn 3000 dja danh Vidt Nam Cho... mi cdc dia danh Vift Nam thdi ky BIC thude Ddu tich cddgi dia danh Viet Nam (5) cua Quach Thanh Ba dfla kit ludn Id ehi dd hdnh ehfnh Trung QuIc anh hfldng manh din dja danh Vift Nam, nhidn sfl