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Bài viết nghiên cứu văn hóa nói chung, giáo dục nói riêng ở các tỉnh miền núi, vùng dân tộc thiểu số trong sự nghiệp xây dựng và bảo vệ tổ quốc. Tìm hiểu vùng dân tộc thiểu số ở phía Bắc Việt Nam đó là công tác giáo dục ở khu vực trị Việt Bắc trong những năm đầu xây dựng chủ nghĩa xã hội.
v CONG rnc Gmo ôk DUC a KHU TIT TRI VI€T • • one TRONG NHU'NG NRM DRU XRV DUNG CHU NGHIR XR HOI (1956-1965) DUY THI H A I Hl/dNG* N ghien cQu ve vfin hda ndi chung, giao due noi rieng d cac tinh mien nui, vung dan tpc thieu so' sii nghiep xay dQng vfi bao vp To qud'c, eho den Id khdng nhieu Day la vfi'n de ldn, khd vfi mdi, ddi hdi phai cd mpt qua trinh nghien cQu vd ddng gdp ciia nhieu ngUdi Trong pham vi bfii viet nfiy, chung tdi ehi tim hieu ve mpt vung nui, vung dfin tpc thieu so' d phfa Bfic Vipt Nam, dd Ifi eong tac giao dye d Khu tU tri Viet Bfic nhQng nfim dau xay diing chu nghia xa hpi (1956-1965) Khu tu tri Vipt Bfic dUde thfinh lap theo Sfic lenh sd 268/SL, 1-7-1956 cua Chu tieh nUdc Viet Nam Dan ehu Cpng hoa Ban dfiu, Khu gdm nfim tinh Ifi Cao Bfing, Bfic Can, Lang Sdn, Thai Nguyen va Tuyen Quang Den nfim 1959, Khu ed them tinh Hfi Giang (1) Khu tU tri Viet Bfic Ifi ndi sinh sd'ng eua hdn tam mUdi van ngUdi thupc mUdi hai tpc ngUdi thieu so' khae nhau, ddng nhfi't Ifi dan tpc Tdy, rdi den dan tpc NQng, dan tpc ' Vien SQ hoc Hmdng Mfic du tidng ndi, phong tyc, tfip qufin khfic nhau, trinh dp p h a t trien xfi hpi chenh Ipeh nhau, ngudn gdc lich sii ed eho khac n h a u nhUng bfi cac dfin tpc Khu da chung sdng vdi tQ lau ddi nen cd tinh t h i n dofin ket, thQdng yeu Dudi che dp cu, chfnh sfich bdc Ipt vfi chfnh sach ngu dan eiia thiic dan Phfip nen t r i n h dp dfin trf cua bfi rfit tha'p kdm Tfnh den nfim 1945, cd den 95% sd dan cac dan tpc bi mu chQ; d vung cao, heo lanh eon sd dd cdn len tdi 100% Ca mien nui ehi cd mpt trUdng t r u n g hpc ed sd d L a n g Sdn, dfio tao mpt vfii edng chQe nhd phyc vy bp mfiy cai tri eiia thilc dan Chfnh vi vfiy, bfit d i u cong cupe xay diing chfnh quyen, mpt ba nhiem vy dfiu tien mfi Nhfi nUdc Viet Nam Dan chii Cpng hofi, dQng d I u Ifi Chu tieh Hd Chf Minh de Ifi "chd'ng gific ddt" NgUdi ndi: "Mpt dfin t$c ddt Ifi mpt dfin tpc yeu" (2), "Mudn giQ vQng nen dpc lfip, mud'n Ifim eho dan gifiu nUde vi cOng t&c giao due khu hi tri manh, mpi ngudi Viet Nam phai quyen lpi cua minh, phai cd kien de cd the tham gia vfio cdng cupe nUde nha vfi trUde het phdi biit viet chQ qud'c ngQ " (3) 51 hieu biet thQc mdi xfiy dUng dpc, biet Vdi quan diem dd, sud't ehfn nfim khang chien chd'ng thUe dfin Phap, Dang vfi Nhfi nude ludn quan tam chfim lo xay dUng nen giao due nUde nhfi, dd ed edng tac gido dye d mien nui, vung ddng bdo ddn tpc thieu sd Tuy nhien, hodn canh chidn tranh, chung ta phai tfip trung sQc ngUdi sQe eua cho eupe khfing chien, hdn nQa, ndi day Ifi cfin cQ dia, ed quan dfiu nao eua ta nen dich thUdng tap trung danh pha, vdy cdng tac giao due d mien nui cung ehi dat dupe nhQng ket qua nhfit dinh Trong ehfn nfim khfing chien, ngfinh giao dye cac tinh mien niii dfi xoa mu chQ cho 28 van ngUdi tren tdng so' hdn 60 van ngUdi mu chQ de qude vfi phong kien de lai (4) Ngfinh hoc phd thdng budc dfiu dupe xay diing, chii yeu Ifi trUdng cap I Budc sang nfim 1954, hofi binh dUdc lfip lai d mien Bfic, edng tac giao due d mien nui cd dieu kipn thufin ldi de xay diing, phat trien Luc ndy, yeu cau cua edng cupe khoi phyc kinh te, hdn gfin vet thUdng chien tranh nen cdng tac xofi mu chQ phai dupe tien hfinh khfin trUdng Bdi vi day Id nganh hpc dfiu tien d l ngUdi hpc bUde vdo nganh hpc bd tue van hda hofic phd thdng Neu mu chQ thi khong t h i hpc dUdc Do vdy, dfiu ndm 1955 vfi nhQng nfim tiep theo Dang vfi Nhfi nUde da ban hfinh rfit nhieu nghi quyet quan trpng nham lanh dao cdng tac xoa mu chd (5), dd cd kd hoach ndm (1956-1958), mien Bfic phai hodn thfinh xoa nan mu chQ ve cfin ban (tUc Ifi xoa mu chQ cho nhQng ngUdi tQ 12 den 40 tudi) Ddi vdi cac tinh mien nui, de tao dieu kien cho eac dan tpc d Khu tu tri Viet Bfic tien bp mau ehdng ve mpi mfit, Dang vfi Nha nude chii trUdng dieu dpng giao vien mien xudi len giup Ban Giao due Khu lam cdng tac binh dan hpc vu vd lui thdi han hoan ke hoach xoa mu chQ den cudi nfim 1961 (6) Viec thfinh lfip Khu Tu tri eho ddng bfio mien nui, vung dan tpc thieu sd phat trien Ifi mpt chii trUdng dung dfin, phu hdp vdi chinh'sach dan tpc ciia Dang, hdp vdi long dan, dUdg nhan dan rat iing hp Dieu ndy phan nao giai thfeh vi Ban Giao due Khu keu gpi, van dpng bd eon di hoc chQ de tham gia xay dung chinh quyen, thUe hipn ke hoach xoa mu chQ cua trung Udng thi phan ldn qufin chung da nhiet tinh hudng Qng TQ nhQng em nhd den cac cu gia, khdng phan biet ngUdi dan toe Kinh hay dan tpc thieu so', ngUdi mien xudi hay ngUdi mien nui, tQ vung thfi'p den vung cao, d cae cdng trUdng, xl nghiep, cd quan, ddu dau can bp, nhan dan cung no lUc di hpc vfi di day Nhieu ndi, nfim trUdc edng tac binh dan hpc vu cdn be t r i thi tQ Khu tu tri dupe lap da dUdc xay diing vfi phat trien trd lai, nhU cae xa thupc huypn Na Hang (tinh Tuyen Quang), cae xa thupc huyen Thoat Lang, huyen Trang Dinh (tinh Lang Sdn), tham chf d vung cao, vung dan toe ft ngUdi nhUng ngUdi dan va can bp di hpc cung rat ddng, nhU xa Khudn Lung, mpt xa vung cao cua tinh Hfi Giang cd tdi 87% can bp xa va 600 ngUdi dan di hpc; xa TU Do (tinh Bfic Can), mpt xfi cua ngUdi Dao nhUng ba di hoe cung rat ddng va deu (7) Cong tac binh dan hoc vu khdng chi phat trien tren dien rpng ma da di vao chieu sau, thu hut ngUdi dan tham gia mpt 52 cfich tii giac, cd y thQc Nhieu trdi mUa, gid rdt nhUng bfi khdng quan ngai dudng trdn, lanh gia vfin di hpc i td Cd gia dinh, ehdng di hpc ban ngfiy, tdi ve day eho vd, bfi mp thfi'y hai hpc eung ddi hpc theo Cd bfi cu sau nghe can bp giai thfeh ve ke hoach binh dan hpc vy cua Nhfi nUde da xung phong thfinh lap mpt td giQ tre cho cfic ehi ed mpn xdm di hpc (8) Vdi tinh thfin hpc tap nhU vay nen chi sau nvta nam dUde thfinh lap, sd ngUdi biet dpc, biet viet Khu tfing len nhanh ehdng, tQ 21.257 ngUdi nfim 1955 len 47.027 ngudi vao cudi nfim 1956 (9), gfi'p hdn 2,5 Ifin Trong bd'n nfim tiep theo, Khu ed them 116.646 ngUdi bidt dpc, biet viet, dUa ty le ngUdi mu chQ Khu sau nfim 1954 tQ 47% xud'ng cdn 30% vfio nfim 1960, dfic biet nhieu tinh Khu dfi gan hodn ke hoach xoa nan mu chQ, nhU tinh Cao Bfing da xoa xong nan mu chQ cho nhan dan vung thfip toan tinh; tinh Thai Nguyen da cd 89,1% tren tdng sd 100% sd xfi hoan thfinh xoa nan mu chQ (10) Cung vdi ngfinh hpc binh dan hpc vu, nganh hpc bd tue vfin hda eung dUde tien hfinh khfin trUdng de bd tue them nhQng kien thQc eho can bp, nien tiep tyc hpc len, tranh mu chQ trd lai Trong nhQng nfim dfiu, Ban Giao dye Khu da td chQc dUdc cac trUdng bd tue vfin hda, chu yeu Id bd tue van hda cfip I, ddn nam 1960, Khu cd them TrUdng Bd tue van hda cap II, III Rieng d vung cao eon ed TrUdng vfin hda mien nui danh cho can bp xa vfi nien vung cao Moi nfim, he bd tue vfin hda bdi dudng kien thQc cho hang van can bp, nien Rghien curu Lich sit sd 4.2009 Ngofii ra, Khu md TrUdng Bo tue Vfin hda Cdng ndng vfi nhieu tnidng bd tiic vfin hda tfip trung cho tQng ddi tUpng: - O ca'p tinh cd Tnidng bd tue vfin hda tinh chuyen dfio tao can bp va nhQng nien tieh cUc ed trinh dp den ed'p II, III; - O cfip huypn, xa cd Tnidng Bd tue Van hda Cfin bp (sau nfiy ddi ten Ifi TrUdng Phd thong Lao dpng) chuyen dfio tao cfin bp tQ cfi'p xa, hdp tfic xa dat trinh dp tQ cfi'p I den cfi'p II Cung vdi viec chfim lo xay diing ngfinh hpc binh dan hpc vy, bd tue vfin hda Ifi ngfinh hpc giao dye phd thdng Sau hda binh lap lai, dieu kipn lich sii nen d mien Bfic tdn tai hai he thd'ng gifio dye phd thdng khac Ifi hp nfim d vung tU vfi he 12 nfim d vung giai phdng TrUde tinh trang dd, thang nfim 1956, Chfnh phii dfi giao cho Bp Gifio dye thUe hipn cai each giao dye Ifin thQ va den thang nfim 1956, ban hfinh Chfnh sach Giao due Phd thdng dfiu tien eiia nUdc Vipt Nam Dan chii Cpng hofi Npi dung ed ban ciia hai vfin kipn tren Ifi: - Thdng nhfi't hai hp thdng gifio dye d vung tu vfi vung giai phdng thfinh hp thdng gifio dye 10 nfim, gdm cfip hpc (cfi'p I: nfim, tQ Idp den Idp 4, cfi'p II: nfim, tQ Idp den Idp 7, cfip III: nfim, tQ Idp den Idp 10) Rieng ddi vdi mien nui, vi tinh hinh cd khac nen thdi han hpc d cfi'p I miin nui Ifi nfim TrUde vfio Idp 1, tre em phai qua mpt Idp vd long - Npi dung dfio tao cua trUdng phd thdng Ifi giao dye hpc sinh phfit trien can ddi tofin dipn eac mfit dQc dye, tri due, my dye vfi thi due Ve cOng tac giio due khu hf hi 52 Bang 1: Bieu thong ke so lUdng cfin bo, nien hoc bd tiic van hoa nhufng nfim 1956-1960 (11) Ddn vi tinh: NgUdi N&m TrUdng vfin h o a m i e n nui B o t u e vfin hda ca'p I 1956 1.247 23.883 1957 887 2.519 1958 588 5.854 1959 394 18.453 1960 811 56.133 1.343 106.842 1.343 To'ng s o 3.927 B o tiic v a n hda c a p II, III Bfing 2: So cfin bo dxidc dfio t^o qua cfic trUdng bo tiic vfin hda ciia Khu tu nam 1959 den nfim 1960 (12) Ddn vi tinh: NgUdi Cac trUdng Nfim 1956 B o t u e v a n hda C o n g n o n g Bo tuc van h6a tinh Bd' tiic v a n hoa h u y e n 1959 385 58 234 1960 759 755 4.744 Tong cong 1.114 813 4.978 - PhQdng cham gifio due Ifi "hpc di doi vdi hfinh", gifio dye ket hdp vdi lao dpng san xufi't, ly lufin gfin lien vdi thUc tien trUdng hpc vfi hpc sinh phd thdng eiia Khu tQ nfim 1956 den nfim 1960 dUdi day Ifi mpt minh chQng: Cd t h i ndi, hai vfin kipn tren da md dfiu cho thdi ky xfiy diing nhfi trUdng xfi hpi chii nghia d nUde ta, diia tren tU tudng cua Chu nghia Mac - Lenin vfi dUdng loi each mang eua Dang, nhfim myc dfch ddo tao, bdi dudng the h$ nien vd thieu nhi trd nhQng ngUdi phat triln tofin dipn vd mpi mfit, nhQng cdng dfin tdt trung thfinh vdi Td qudc, nhQng ngudi lao dpng tdt, can bp tdt, ed tfii, dQc d l phat triln chd dp dan chii nhan dan vfi tien len xay dilng chii nghia xfi hpi Ngofii ra, Khu cdn cd 2.648 Idp vd long vdi tren van hpc sinh (13) mien nui, den nhQng nfim 1960, ngfinh hpc giao due phd thdng mdi hofin thien Rieng Khu tii tri Viet Bfic cd thufin lpi Ifi nhQng nfim khfing chien, ndi day Ifi cfin cQ dia nen edng tac giao dye da phfin ndo dUde xay dUng vd phfit trien Hofi binh lfip lai, cdng tac giao dye ed dieu kipn phat triln hdn Su gia tfing v l sd lUdng Giao due phd thdng d vung cao, vung sfiu cung dupe xay dUng Nfim 1958, Hpi nghi Gifio dye mien nui Ifin thQ nhfi't da quyet dinh lfip md hinh TrUdng Thieu nhi vung cao dfinh eho em ngUdi dfin tpc thieu sd vung cao di hpc ThUc hipn chu trUdng tren, nfim 1959, Bp Gifio due Khu dfi xfiy diing d hfiu het moi tinh Khu mpt TrUdng Thieu nhi vung cao cfi'p I Trong nfim hpc dfiu tien 1959-1960, cac trUdng da day dUde 199 em, dd chii yeu Ifi cae em ngUdi Dao, Ngai, NQng, Tfiy, Gifiy, Ldld, San Chay (14) Nhu vay, chi nam dfiu xfiy diing nhung ngfinh giao dye Khu TU tri Vipt Bfic da dat dUde nhQng thfinh tfch to ldn Ve cd ban dfi toan xong nan mu chQ d vung thfi'p Ngfinh hoc phd thdng vfi bd tue vfin Rghien cihi Lich siSr s6 4.2009 54 Bang 3: Bang thong ke so trUdng hoc va hpc sinh thong cua Khu tu trj Vift B i c tii 1956 d^n 1960 (15) Nam hoc 1956-1957 Tong so Tong so hoc Trong tnidng tr\idng (cfii) ca'p I c&'pn 617 583 31 Trong d6 hoc sinh Cft'pin sinh (ngudi) ca'p I ca'pU ca'p UI 59.309 53.210 5.674 425 565 1957-1958 694 658 33 62.864 56.759 5.530 1958-1959 763 725 35 68.718 61.670 6.380 668 1959-1960 908 851 52 95.310 83.425 10.808 1.077 hda dUdc xay diing vfi phat triln vdi dfiy du cac cap hpc, loai hinh cho tQng doi tUdng hpc sinh ca d vung thfip Ifin vung cao Dfiy se Ifi cd sd, nen tang vQng chfic de ngfinh gifio due phat trien nhQng nfim tiep theo Budc sang nfim 1961, mien Bfic thUe hipn ke hoach nfim Ifin thQ nhfi't Cung vdi cupe each mang ve kinh te vfi tU tudng, vfin hda dUdc Dang xfic dinh Ifi mpt ba cupe each mang xa hpi chu nghia can dupe dfiy manh de dUa mien Bfic tien len ehu nghia xa hpi Trong tinh hinh dd, de thuc dfiy nen kinh te mien nui phat trien, khong cdn dUdng ndo khfic Ifi phai dfiu tu cho giao due, phfit trien giao due, nfing cao trinh dp dan trf eho ngUdi dfin Tai Hpi nghi Giao due mien nui Ifin thQ (31960), Hpi nghi Giao dye Ifin thQ (51964), Hpi nghi lan thQ Ban Chap hanh Trung Udng Dang (3-1963), Chi thi sd 84CT/TW eua Ban Bf thU ve nhiem vu cdng tac giao due mien nui (9-1964) vd nhfit Ifi Bao cao Chfnh tri ciia Dai hpi dai bieu tofin qude lan thQ III (9-1960), Dang ta deu khfing dinh: "Nfing cao trinh dp vfin hoa d mien niii Ifi mpt vfi'n de cap bach, ed y nghia vd tfic dyng to ldn den viec thuc day tofin bp sii nghiep phat trien kinh te mien nui" Cac vfin kien tren cung de nhiem vy eho ngfinh giao dye mien nui ke hoach nam tiep theo la: - Phai tien tdi cfin ban xoa nan mu chQ eho ddng bfio tQ 12 den 40 tudi; - Tiep tyc phfit triln giao dye phd thdng (nhfi't Ifi cfi'p I, cfi'p II), giao dye chuyen nghiep vfi bd tiic vfin hda cho cfin bp (dfic bipt Id can bp dan tpc dia phUdng v l cae ngfinh trdng trot, chfin nudi, lam nghipp, y te, gifio dye, ); - Phai khdng ngijfng md rpng ciia nhfi trUdng xa hpi ehu nghia eho cdng ndng vfi ddng bfio dfin tpc thieu sd nam cung nhU nQ vd phai tao mpi dieu kipn thudn ldi cho hp hpc tap dupe tdt" (16) Trien khai nhipm vu tren, tQ nhQng thang dau nfim cua ke hoach nfim nfim lan thQ nhfi't, Uy ban Hfinh chfnh Khu tQ tri Viet Bfic eung vdi Ban Gifio dye dfi lfip nhieu ke hoach cho tQng ngfinh hpc, dfic bipt Ifi ke hoach xay diing cfic trQdng trung cfi'p chuyen nghipp, dfio tao dpi ngu cfin bp, cdng nhan cd trinh dp chuyen mdn cho eac ngfinh kinh te - ky thufit dfip Qng yeu clu phfit t r i l n ciia Khu Nfim 1960, TrUdng Trung cfi'p Thiiy ldi mien nui dUpc lap Den nfim hpc 1964-1965, Tnidng dfio tao dUdc 1.716 can bd eho ngfinh thiiy Vi eOng the giAo duc d khu hj hi ldi Nfim hoc 1959-1960, Tnidng Y si Viet Bfic khai giang khda hpc d i u tien Den nfim 1965, dfi cd 2.404 hpc sinh tdt nghidp v l cdng tfic tai trung tam y te, benh vipn ciia cfic tinh miin nui Cung thdi gian nfiy, TrQdng Trung cfip Giao thdng Viet Bfic, Tnidng Trung cfip ThUdng nghiep mien niii, Trudng Trung cfip Ndng lam Vipt Bfic cung dUde thfinh lfip Hfing nfim, cfic trudng dfio tao dUde hfing trfim gifio sinh eho cfic ngfinh kinh te, xa hpi (17) Tren cd sd nhQng thfinh tUu dfi dat dUde giai doan d i u xfiy dUng, den giai doan nfiy cfic ngfinh hpc binh dan hpc vy, bd tiic vfin hda vfi phd thdng tiep tyc phfit trien Vdi ngfinh hpc binh dan hpc vy Ban Giao dye Khu dfiy manh chien dich xoa mu chQ cho vung cao, ddng thdi tiep tyc xoa mu chQ d nhQng vung thfi'p cdn lai Tieu bilu cho cdng tac xda mu chQ d vung cao luc dd Ifi tinh Cao Bfing Ngay tQ nfim 1960, Ty Giao dye Cao Bfing dfi phat dpng mpt phong trfio dipt dot mang ten "Phong trfio vQpt trQdc thdi gian, tofin ngfinh gifio dye tidn quan dipt dot vung cao" Phong trfio phat triln manh, lan rpng tofin tinh, thu hut ddng dao cfic ngfinh, cac cfip va cae dofin the, nhfin dfin tham gia dUdi nhieu hinh thQc vfi ddi tQdng khfic nhau, nhQ "Phong trfio nhQng ngUdi xung phong tinh nguyen dQng vfio hfing ngu dpi xung kich di$t ddt vung cao" iQc lUdng nien, gifio vien, hpc sinh, 'Thong trfio nhQng ngudi tinh nguypn lao dpng, san xufi^t tiet kipm gdp p h i n vfio quy dipt ddt vQng cao" cfin bp vfi cdng n h a n Ket thuc chidn dich, tinh Cao Bfing da dUa 1.180 nien len cdng tfic d vung cao, d^y dupe hfing nghin ngUdi biet chQ vfi gdp dupc 20 ngfin ddng eho quy dipt dd't (18) Ngofii ra, d l tao dilu ki§n thufin lpi cho bfi 55 vQa hpc tfip vQa san xufit, tinh cdn thiic hipn nhieu bipn phfip Uu dai, nhU quy dinh gid hpc hdp ly eho tQng ddi tUdng, phfin eong di hpc trUde, di hpc sau, bd tri tnidng Idp, den dfiu, sdch vd, cii gifio vien den day, thfim chi cdn cd che dp dfii ngd cho gifio vien, nhu d xfi Tam Kim, huypn Nguyen Binh, mdi tiet day hpc, giao vien dupe hdp tfic xfi cfi'p lang thdc vfi sfich vd Hpc tfip kinh nghiem eiia tinh Cao Bfing, tinh Bfic Can eung dpng vien dupe 169 giao vien, 15 nghin ddng vd hfing trfim nien Uu tu, biet dpc, biet viet len vung cao day chQ cho bfi con; tinh Lang Sdn cung cii gifio vien vl cfic xa heo lanh dl day bfi eon hpc (19) Sau gfin mUdi nfim chien dfiu ehdng giac ddt, den nfim 1965, cdng tfic xda mu chQ d Khu da dat nhQng thfinh tfch quan trpng Ca sau tinh Khu ve cd ban dfi hofin thfinh ke hoach xda mu chQ, dd Thai Nguyen Ifi tinh dfiu tien eiia Khu hofin thfinh vfio nfim 1961 va cung la dia phUdng hofin thfinh kd hoach dung thdi ban Tidp den Ifi cae tinh Lang Sdn (nfim 1962), Bftc Can, Tuyen Quang (nfim 1963) Rieng tinh Cao Bfing, mfic du nfim 1960, tinh dfi xda xong mu chQ d vung thfi'p nhUng mfii ddn nfim 1964 mdi hofin thfinh xda xong mu chQ d vung cao Hfi Giang Ifi tinh cuoi cung hoan kd hoach xda mu chQ vao nfim 1965 Cdng tac bd tiic vfin hda tiep tyc dupe dfiy manh vfi dUdc xfic dinh la nhipm vy hfing dfiu nhfim nang cao them trinh dp vfin hda cua cdng nhfin, cdn bp Chi bdn nam dfiu thUe hipn ke hoach nfim Ifin thQ nhfi't (1961-1964), hp bd tuc vfin hda cua Khu dfi dfio tao dUde 104.820 can bp dat trinh dp tQ cfi'p I den cfi'p III (20) Ngofii ra, TrUdng Bd tuc Vfin hda Cdng ndng, Bd tue Vfin hda tinh Bo tue Vfin hda huypn, 56 Trudng Thanh nien Dan tpc, moi nfim cung dfio tao dupc hfing nghin can bp cho cac ngfinh kinh te Dilu dfic bipt Ifi cac Tnidng dfi dfio tao dupc rfi't nhieu can bp Ifi ngudi dan tpc thilu so cho dia phUdng Ufy TrUdng Bd tuc Vfin hda Cdng nong cua Khu Ifim VI dy Trong nfim hpc 1962-1963, TrUdng da dfio tao dUde 795 cfin bp, dd cd tdi 332 can bd Ifi ngUdi Tfiy, chiem 42% so hpc vien ciia khda, 161 can bp Ifi ngudi NQng, chiem hdn 20%, 120 can bp la ngUdi Kinh, cdn lai Ifi ngUdi dan tpc Dao, Hmdng, Hoa (hay cdn gpi Ifi ngUdi Hfin), San Chay (21) Ngfinh hpc bd tuc vfin hda cua Khu phfit triln vfi dat dUde ket qua tdt Ifi nhd sang tao nhieu md hinh trUdng phu hdp vdi tQng ddi tUdng hpc sinh, vdi dieu kipn san xufi't, dd ndi bfit Ifi md hinh Tnidng Thanh nien dfin tpc (cd dia phUdng gpi Ifi TrUdng Thanh nien Lao dpng Xfi hpi Chii nghia) TrUdng dUde xfiy dUng tQ nfim 1958 theo sang kien ciia ngfinh gifio dye tinh Hofi Binh Hpc sinh Ifi nhQng nien, chii yeu Ifi nien dfin tpc ft ngUdi, dupe hpc tQ cfi'p I den cfi'p II Dfiy Ifi sU kdt hdp uyin chuyin giQa viec hpc vfin hoa, gifio due chfnh tri vdi hpc nghe vfi lao dpng thuc hfinh Hinh thQc nhfi trUdng nfiy het sQc phQ hdp vdi dieu kipn khd khfin eiia eon em ddng bfio mien nui vfi dap Qng kip thdi nhu clu bQc xuc ve can bp ciia dia phUdng Vi the mfi tQ mdi thfinh lfip, nhieu dia phUdng da ap dyng md hinh tnidng nfiy Tuy nhien, den nfim 1961, TrUdng mdi dUdc Hpi nghi Thudng vy eiia Hpi ddng Chfnh phu chfnh thQc thdng qua de an xay diing vfi nhan rpng cfic tinh mien nui O Khu tu tri Vipt Bfic, Thai Nguyen Ifi tinh d i u tien xfiy diing TrQdng Thanh nien dfin tpc ciia tinh vfio nfim 1962 Chi hai nfim sau, den nfim 1964, Khu dfi cd tdi 13 Rghito cijru Lich sit s6 4.2009 Tnidng, dd c6 tinh nhU tinh Tuyen Quang da md moi huyen mdt tnidng, Ifi trudng, dao tao dUdc 3.657 hpc sinh, dd cd 3.457 ngUdi dang theo hpc, 200 hpc sinh da tdt nghipp, trd v l dia phUdng cong tfic (22) Phat triln nhanh hdn ca la ngfinh hpc giao dye phd thdng So hpc sinh ca ba cfip hpc diu tfing theo tQng nfim So vdi nfim hpc 1960-1961 nfim hpc 1963-1964 sd hpc sinh cfi'p I tfing 21%, cfip II tfing 100%, cfip III tfing 160% Dfic bidt, den giai doan nfiy ty le hpc sinh ngQdi dan tdc thieu so vfi hpc sinh nQ chiem ty le ngfiy efing cao So vdi nfim hpc 1960-1961, nfim hpc 1963-1964 ty lp hpc sinh Ifi ngUdi dan tpc thilu sd d cfip I tfing 75%, cfip II tfing 62% vfi cfi'p III tfing 30%; tUdng tU, ty lp hpc sinh nQ d cac cfi'p tfing Ifi: cfi'p I tfing 43%, d p II tfing 38% vfi cfip III tfing 24% (23) Giao dye phd thdng d vung cao tiep tyc phfit trien Nfim 1962, Khu md TrUdng Thieu nhi vung cao cfi'p II de cho eac em hpc sinh tdt nghipp Tnidng Thieu nhi vung cao cfi'p I di hoc Den cudi nfim, Tnidng dfi day dUpe 175 em, ehu yeu Ifi cfic em ngUdi dfin tpc Dao, Tfiy, NQng (24) Ve cdng tac dfio tao gifio vien Vdi chii trUdng "Dan tpc nfio co gifio vien cua dan tpc fiy", "Dia phUdng nfio cd giao vien ciia dia phUdng fi'y", tQ nfim hoc 1959-1960, Ban Gifio dye Khu tU tri Vipt Bfic chuyen cae trUdng sQ pham cfip I ve cho Ty Giao due eac tinh quan Iy Nhipm vy ciia cac trUdng sQ pham cfip I Ifi dfio tao giao vien dan tpc thieu so cho vung cao vfi vung vfin hda chfim phat triln TrUdng c6 hai h§ dfio tao Ifi: hp thong 4•^2 (25) dfinh cho ddi tQ