This study was conducted to analyze the current status of agricultural exports in Lao PDR under the conditions of the formation of AEC, identify the areas to be achieved, to develop agricultural exports of Lao PDR. Research compares the changes in agricultural exports of Lao PDR before and after joining the AEC. In addition, the thesis also analyzes the factors that influence the development of agricultural exports of Lao PDR under the conditions of AEC formation. From that, propose orientations and solutions to develop agricultural exports of Lao PDR under conditions of forming AEC.
INTRODUCTION 1. Reason for researching In the trend of globalization, each country chooses a suitable direction towards an economic goal: stability and longterm development and long economy One direction that many countries choose is Exportoriented industrialization . For the Lao PDR, commodity exports are the most useful tool for integrating and utilizing opportunities in the integration process for economic growth and development At present, production and export of agricultural products becoming a key economic sector in the process of socioeconomic According to the Ninth Party's and Laos's resolutions, four guidelines have been laid down as follows: (i) Promoting internal strength; (ii) human resources training; (iii) management system; (iv) Poverty reduction for the people. In particular, promoting agricultural exports is considered as a solution to promote internal strength, solve problem about jobs for the people, build infrastructure and reduce poverty. Lao People's Democratic Republic (PDR) is a landlocked country in the heart of the Indochinese peninsula of Mainland Southeast Asia, bordered by Myanmar and China to the northwest, Vietnam to the east, Cambodia to the southwest and Thailand to the west and southwest. Laos is a country with a small population size with 7,037,521 inhabitants (2017), in which over 70 percent of the population live by farming The total area of the country is 236,800 km2. Laos is fairly rich in natural resources, has many advantages and potential of geographical location and natural conditions, plus the advantage of tropical agriculture should be the ability to export agricultural products. This has been greater potential since Laos in international economic integration Through the years, the agricultural sectors are one of the important sectors and have a very important role in the socioeconomic development of Laos. Agriculture is not only the response of the domestic market but also is the great export ability on both aspects: production capacity and demand in foreign markets. Since the country of Laos has international and regional integration, The State had made opened economy by the strong exportoriented strategies on principles: diversification, multilateral international trade relations on the basis of respect for sovereignty, territorial integrity, equality and mutual benefit, to strive for the goal of peaceindependentstability, cooperation and development, agricultural products of Laos has been exported to many markets in the region and the world. Making the export turnover agricultural products of Lao growth and annual growth from 17% or more upwards in recent years However, before participating in the AEC, the export of agricultural products of Laos still revealed many limitations and weaknesses such as export promotion organizations have not yet truly effective, information obtained in raw form with not higher quality , export of some agricultural products to target markets do not have official distribution system led to the export price lower than the value of exported goods in trading, quantity and prices of agricultural products are not correct according to the contracts The formation of the AEC will have a positive impact, which is provide many opportunities for Lao PDR to develop agricultural products exports from expanding international export markets for agricultural products, facilitated innovation in the agricultural products production and processing, contributed to the development and improvement of domestic policies, regulations and procedures in line with the requirements of the market economy in the process of national integration. Deepening, broadening, and thereby contributing to the enhancing Lao’s international position However, besides the positive impacts of the AEC, many negative impacts such as Lao are facing great pressure; competition is fierce, more and more difficulties and challenges. First and foremost, this is due to the low level of economic development, low labor productivity in the agricultural sector, poor agricultural product processing industry, low quality export agricultural products of Lao PDR and compete on the world market To be able to make use of the advantages, opportunities, and overcome the challenges and exploit the potential, Laos must have the proper direction and effective solutions, in particular, to develop and enhance performance production and export of agricultural products for the country in terms of forming a common ASEAN Economic Community In addition to the advantages and challenges which is Lao faced in the context of the formation of the ASEAN Economic Community, in theory, there are relatively many research projects that are approaching different aspects of agricultural export development. Approach from policy to develop agricultural exports, marketing strategy to promote export of agricultural products In the context of deepening and deepening economic integration, the formation and participation of the Lao PDR in the ASEAN Economic Community creates a new context and affect the export of agricultural products of Lao PDR. Therefore, research about the development of agricultural exports in the context of participation in the ASEAN Economic Community is essential to researcher. To take advantage, at the same time, overcoming the challenges and exploiting the potential, Lao PDR must have the right direction and have effective, specific and suitable solutions to develop and improve production efficiency and export the agricultural products of the Lao PDR under the formation of the ASEAN Economic Community Therefore, the research both of theory and practice of agricultural export development of Lao PDR is very important and necessary. Based on the above reasons, the researcher selected the research topic " Developing agricultural exports of Lao PDR in the condition of formation of ASEAN Economic Community 2. Objectives This study was conducted to analyze the current status of agricultural exports in Lao PDR under the conditions of the formation of AEC, identify the areas to be achieved, to develop agricultural exports of Lao PDR Research compares the changes in agricultural exports of Lao PDR before and after joining the AEC. In addition, the thesis also analyzes the factors that influence the development of agricultural exports of Lao PDR under the conditions of AEC formation From that, propose orientations and solutions to develop agricultural exports of Lao PDR under conditions of forming AEC. To achieve the above objectives, the author performs the following tasks: + Tasks of research Overviewing of the research situation related to the topic, systematization and clarification of general rationale for the development of agricultural exports. Analysising and assessment of the status of the development of agritultural exports of Lao PDR shows the limitations and causes of restrictions in the development of agricultural exports in Lao PDR Comparing changes in the development of agricultural exports of Lao PDR before and after joining the AEC Studying the experience of some countries in developing agricultural exports and drawing lessons for the country Lao People's Democratic Republic; studying the impact of the AEC on agricultural exports of Laos. Proposing orientations, solutions and scientific basis feasible to develop agricultural exports of Lao PDR in the conditions of formation AEC 3. Subjects and scope of research 3.1. Subjects of research Development of agricultural exports in Lao PDR under conditions of AEC formation 3.2. Scope of research Content: The thesis focuses on the development of export of some key commodities of Lao PDR such as coffee, rice and vegetables. About space: A thesis on the development of agricultural exports in Laos PDR under the conditions of AEC formation. Time: Data for research on agricultural product exports in Laos PDR in the period from 2006 to 2016 and vision to 2030 4. Research Methodology 4.1. Data collection method 4.1.1. Secondary data collection method Secondary data is collected from the reports, research results, official data published by the agencies and organizations of Laos such as: Statistical yearbooks at all levels, reports from agencies such as the Ministry of Industry and Trade, General Department of Customs, Bureau of Statistics, Department of Industry and Trade, and provincial customs. International data related to topics such as dissertation, scientific reports, discussion papers, journals, legal documents related to the export of agricultural products have announced 4.1.2. Primary data collection method Primary data collected through interviews with two target groups: Group 1: The author interviewed state managers involved in the activity Group 2: The interviewed subject is an enterprise or household the direct owner of the farm produce export. This is a group that directly produces and exports agricultural products of the Lao People's Democratic Republic. The questionnaire is divided into two parts: Part 1: General information about the interviewees. Part 2: Assessment of interviewees on factors influencing agricultural exports of Lao PDR under the conditions of AEC formation, importance and level of achievement of authoritative factors is considering *) Regarding sample size: For factor analysis, EFA: Based on Hair, Anderson, Tatham and Black (1998), reference is made to the expected sample size. For multivariate regression analysis: the minimum sample size to be calculated is: 50 + 8 * m (m: independent variables) (Tabachnick and Fidell, 1996); On that basis, the author distributed a survey questionnaire with 250 enterprises or households producing and exporting agricultural products and 250 staff Management of Lao PDR's agricultural exports *) Sampling Method (Survey Sampling Methods) The sampling method was used for the study; the authors used standardized questionnaires to send interviews to representatives of enterprises. / Households, state exporters of agricultural products in Lao PDR. After completing the collection of primary data, the author collected 130 questionnaires about enterprises / household and 191 managerial votes, through the reading and refining process for data entry and statistical analysis of this data. With the number of observations: 130 for business objects or household and 191 observations of management personnel meeting the minimum number of observation requirements. 4.2. Data analysis method 4.2.1. Statistical Method Statistics are a system of methods used to collect process and analyze numbers (quantities) of large numerical phenomena to understand the nature and normality of capital Have their own (surface) in terms of time and place specific. Descriptive Statistics are used to describe the basic characteristics of data collected from empirical research across a variety of ways. The authors will use some of the statistical techniques described below to analyze data: Graphical representation of data in which graphs represent data or help to compare data, Representation of data into summary tables of data Summary statistics describe the data 4.2.2. Comparison, collation This is the main method used in business analysis to determine the trend and level of fluctuation of the analysis. In order to proceed, it is necessary to identify the original number for comparison (previous year's data), determine the conditions for comparison, and compare the target. 4.2.3. Comprehensive Analysis Apply and combine rational comparison methods to find common tendencies and causal relationships, logical inferences, arguments that make comments and conclusions from the event was studied, categorized and synthesized to clarify the factors that influence the development of Lao PDR's agricultural exports, descriptive statistics to provide data reflecting the content and research issues, look up materials to grasp and supplement the method of studying direction, knowledge and research 4.2.4. Methods of sequence analysis time Use time series analysis with periodic spacing of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 years. Indicators for analyzing fluctuations in agricultural exports of Lao PDR in the context of the formation of the ASEAN Economic Community 4.2.5. Quantitative data analysis method using SPSS software +) Cronbach Alpha Reliability Testing +) Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) +) Multivariate regression analysis 5. The composition of the thesis In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the dissertation is divided into four chapters: Chapter 1: Overview of research related to the topic Chapter 2: The rationale for developing the country's agricultural exports in the context of the ASEAN Economic Community. Chapter 3: The Development of Agricultural Products Exports in Lao PDR under the Condition of Community Formation A SEAN Chapter 4: Orientations and solutions for developing agricultural exports of the Lao PDR in the context of the formation of the ASEAN Economic Community CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH ON PROJECTS 1.1 Overview of related research projects on the development of agricultural exports According to Ngo Thang Loi (2013), when analyzing Adam Smith's economic thought, each country has its own resources and its resources are: land, labor, capital, science and technology, and experience in production and business Thus, countries need to conduct specialized production of certain commodities they have the absolute advantage of the resources, then the exchange with other countries, the two sides are beneficial. He said that the two countries trade with each other on the basis of voluntary and mutual benefit, the benefits of trade originates from the absolute advantage of a country. From that point of view, Adam Smith advocates free business because every individual and business has the goal of maximizing profits. David Ricardo said that each local economy would benefit from the specialization of one or more comparable products Comparative advantage can be achieved when nations focus on specialization and exchange of the smallest commodity or the most profitable commodity, all nations are profitable. Although each country may have higher absolute or relative efficiency than the other, each country has comparable advantages over other production conditions 1.2. Overview of research projects related to the integration of AEC (AEC Overview) Giovanni Capannelli (2014) points out that ASEAN needs an ambitious plan for integrating AEG economies into achieving economic development goals. ASEAN designates the agenda after 2015 with a view to the role of ASEAN as a dynamic center in Asia, where members need to adapt their policies in a consistent manner, including reform deep domestic structure and aggressive action to make AEG a truly economic community. Le Bo Linh (2010), has provided a theoretical framework for the study of regionalism, the integration process and the formation of a "community" of countries in Southeast Asia; presenting the practical basis for the formation of the ASEAN Community, some implications and orientation for Vietnam's participation in the ASEAN Community building process 1.3 Overview of research projects related to the development of agricultural exports in Lao PDR Phongtisouk SIPHOMTHAVIBOUN (2010) has systematically studied Lao PDR's policies in the context of international economic integration To provide some ideas and solutions to improve this policy in Laos; The thesis deals with the systematization of theoretical issues, focusing on the development of an analytical framework; study the status of Lao PDR's policy improvement; Point out the limitations of the export policy, reviewing the experience in improving this policy in some countries. Khamphet VONGDALA (2011) explored the basic theoretical issues of policy. Export of strategic commodities and strategic export items analyzing the situation of organization and implementation of export policy of strategic commodities of Lao PDR in the last period (20062010), results are the shortcomings and weaknesses and the causes of shortcomings and weaknesses need to be overcome and propose methods to improve the formulation and implementation of strategic export policies in the period 20112020 1.4. Gaps from the study overview An overview of the current research situation of the domestic and abroad research projects can be found in: First, although there are many studies of Lao PDR and internationally involved in export of agricultural products such as export market development, international trade policy, export promotion and export policy in and outside the country , but these studies are stopping at the research on the export development of individual items and research on each export market. Secondly, the research works discuss the concept. of commodity exports and generally focus on general analysis of commodity exports but less in depth analysis of indepth analysis about group of agricultural products. Therefore, this thesis, the author indepth analysis and evaluation of the development of agricultural exports mainly consists of three items such as coffee, rice and vegetables. Third, there is research on Agricultural exports, but mainly indepth analysis and evaluation of state policies and market analysis, have introduced the orientation, solutions for agricultural products, little or no insects the factors that mainly affect the development of agricultural exports Fourthly, in the newest context, after the formation of the AEC, there has not been much research on the impact of the AEC on agricultural exports. Fifth, these studies have not built up comprehensive indicators of agricultural exports In the study of this thesis, the author will analyze the development indicators of agricultural exports Conclusion (Summary), although there have been many researches related to agricultural exports, agricultural exports until now there have been no studies to evaluate the overall status of export development. Agricultural products of Lao People's Democratic Republic, give the views, orientations and solutions to promote the competitive advantage, promote the export of agricultural products of Lao PDR, especially in the international Integration Context. Actually, the participation of Lao PDR in the process of forming the AEC. It can therefore be argued that PhD thesis is nonduplicative and has both theoretical and practical relevance in enhancing the ability to participate and improve the efficiency of agricultural exports (Coffee, vegetables and rice) of Laos In addition, the development of the indicator system for evaluating the export of agricultural products under the conditions of AEC formation is a necessary, which helps the dissertation to analyze the achievements For these reasons, in view of PhD students, there is a need for indepth studies, to provide theoretical explanations, analyze the situation of export situation. On the basis of this, we propose basic and feasible solutions for the development of Lao PDR's export of goods when participating in AEC activities set and ensure novelty for research CHAPTER 2 THE THEORETICAL BASIS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS IN THE ASEAN FRAMEWORK AGREEMENT ON THE ASEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY 2.1. Formation of the ASEAN Economic Community and aspects of influence to the development of agricultural markets of member countries 2.1.1 Overview of agricultural products and the development of agricultural exports From the point of view of Vietnam: With a simple understanding, agricultural products are products of the agricultural sector, including agriculture, farming and agricultural services in broad agricultural terms. However, there will be both forestry and fisheries, in the new view, in the agricultural sector that excludes the value of forestry and fisheries. Nowaday, the understanding of agricultural products is narrower, concentrating mainly on products obtained from land, and then agricultural products are understood as products made from the material production of land On the basis of the concept of agricultural products and exports, agricultural exports can be defined as: Agricultural exports are activities of exchanging agricultural products of one country with other countries in the world in the form of a sale through market relations, in order to exploit the 10 country's available advantage in the international division of labor to benefit the nation. That export development is Export transformation in all aspects from quantity to quantity, including the increase in production scale and export turnover as well as changes in product quality, export structure in the direction of Optimized to improve the quality and efficiency of export in a certain period Thus, it can be understood that: The development of agricultural exports is a process of transforming agricultural exports in all aspects, including the increase in size, output and export turnover and changes in the quality of agricultural products, the structure of exports in the optimal direction, to improve the quality and efficiency of agricultural exports in a certain period 2.1.2. Formation of the AEC and the commitment made by the Member States to participate in the AEC Commitments of the Member States when participating in the AEC Economic Community: Agreement ASEAN Free Trade Area Agreement (AFAS) ASEAN Maneuvering Agreement (MNP) ASEAN Comprehensive Investment Agreement (Asean) ACIA) 2.1.3. Impact aspects of the AEC on the development of agricultural exports of member countries The impact aspects of the AEC on the development of agricultural exports of member states are considered including: scale, growth rate; structure and type of export goods 11 Figure 2.1: Impact model of AEC on the trade of countries 2.2. Contents and system of criteria for evaluating the development of agricultural exports in the context of the formation of the ASEAN Economic Community 2.2.1. Content of agricultural exports in terms of AEC formation *) Developing agricultural product exports in a Wide Dimension Growing exports of agricultural products on a broad scale means concentrating resources on improving the size and output of agricultural exports through increased export turnover, the export market is expanding. *) Developing agricultural exports in depth Developing agricultural exports in depth means making a change in the quality of export by improving the quality the export of agricultural products, the change of export methods, the restructuring of export agricultural products, the export market, the improvement of the capacity to use resources in order to create stable and continuous development and gain greater value 2.2.2. Evaluation Criteria for assessing the development of agricultural exports under AEC conditions. 2.2.2.1. Evaluation Criteria for development of agricultural exports by width + Export output + Export growth rate + Export market expansion by area 12 2.2.2.2. Evaluation Criteria for evaluating agricultural product exports in depth + Changes in the quality of agricultural exports + The shift of agricultural product exports + The export market structure 2.3. The Factors affecting the development of agricultural exports of member countries in the context of the formation of AEC Export of goods in general and exports of agricultural products in particular is an activity in the field of fertilizer coordinate and circulate goods through an extensive reproduction process, which aims to link the country's production to another country. This activity not only occurs among individuals, but also involves the entire economic system, under the control of micro and macro tools and policies Therefore, the export of agricultural products is affected by many factors, both subjective and objective. Here are some key factors: + Government support policies for agricultural produce production for export + International economic relations + Research, development and increase of productivity in export goods production + Small and medium enterprise development policy for agricultural product exports + Factors affecting export prices of agricultural products + Factors Science and technology + Competitive advantage in agricultural exports compared to other member countries 2.4. Experiences of some countries on the development of agricultural exports when participating in economic communities and some lessons for Laos. The development of export of agricultural products was produced, exported Farmers are very interested This is a condition for countries to increase their competitiveness in the export market and increase their profits. The development of agricultural exports has become a common problem in 13 agricultural export policies of countries that have traditionally produced and exported agricultural products such as Thailand, Vietnam and Malaysia. Based on the experience of these countries, the study will draw lessons for the Lao PDR CHAPTER 3 SITUATION OF DEVELOPMENT OF EXPORT AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS IN LAO PDR IN THE ASEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY FORMATION 3.1. Potential for agricultural exports of Lao PDR and the effects of AEC * Coffee items Coffee Growing Areas: Lao's coffee is mainly grown in the Bolaven plateau, comprising three areas: Pa Xoong district Champasak province, Tha Teng district Xe Lao Cai province Ngam Salavan province Table 3.2: The acreage where used for growing coffee in Lao PDR Year Areas (1.000 ha) 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 10 15 20 20 25 30 74 75 84 85 87 0,5 1,0 1,0 1,5 2,0 6,4 6,5 7,4 7,5 7,7 Rate up and down 0,4 0,2 (%) Source: Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry of Laos Lao PDR grows two main types of coffee: Robusta coffee and Arabica coffee The average yield of coffee is about 1.52.5 tonnes / ha, expecially Robusta coffee, with 90% output and export rate up to 97% * Vegetables and fruits items 14 According to statistics, in 2010 the total area of vegetables and fruits reached 27,031 hectares, the output reached 262,426 tons. By 2014 the planted are increase to 36,748 hectares, production output will reach 535,361 tons and by 2015 production output will reach 37,862 hectares, and production output reached 648,260 tons. Areas increased 1.3 times and output increased 2.4 times compared to 2010 * Rice Items Rice plays an important role in the three key agricultural commodities of the Lao PDR in terms of food security, income generation and employment in rural areas and export turnover. Currently, rice is one of the main products for the domestic market, only 30% of total output is exported in 2012 and 2016 and the production is 3.85 million tons / year, up 5% with 2014 About the area of rice production increases each year Unit: 1000 tons / ha Figure 3.2: Production area and yield of Lao PDR's rice Source: Lao Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry Currently, rice is considered the main agricultural product of Lao PDR, so, producing rice is very important, which Lao government focus on the potential of production and production by means of intensive farming, intercropping, or applying scientific methods of sowing, harvesting and breeding good quality *) Effects of AEC on agricultural exports of Lao PDR *) Positive effects + Promoting agricultural export growth + Increasing Competitive power for export agricultural products + Increasing opportunities to participate in the global supply chain + Creating an investment climate, changing economic policies to form and promote Maximize the potential of the market economy. + Raise awareness of the business community and people in identifying the position of Lao PDR in the AEC *) Negative effects + Status deficit of trade balance + Competitive of agricultural products of Lao PDR with the agricultural products of ASEAN countries increasingly more and more difficulty + Competitive of agricultural products in the domestic 15 3.2. Analyzing the situation of agricultural exports in Lao PDR under the conditions of AEC formation *) Development status of agricultural exports of Lao PDR before joining AEC Export turnover: In the 20032015 periods, with the policy of reforming, opening up, multilateralizing and diversifying international economic relations and implementing the policy of encouraging export, agricultural export activities of Laos has made great strides. The main export agricultural products have been on the market of more than 20 countries on all continents. The quantity, quality and types of major agricultural products for export have improved considerably. The structure of export items has gradually been changed in the direction of promoting comparative advantages in international economic relations The major agricultural products have contributed significantly to the socioeconomic growth of Lao PDR Unit: USD million Figure 3.3: Growth rate of agricultural exports in Lao PDR Source: Ministry of Industry and Trade of Lao People's Democratic Republic Achievements in Lao PDR’s agricultural exports over the last 10 years (20032015) are significant, which is reflected in the increasing output and value of agricultural exports over the years Key export situation of agricultural products by products / products: Total export turnover of major agricultural products in the period 20032015 is over USD 700 million. Table 3.4: Exports turnover of agricultural products by product structure of Lao PDR for the period 2003 2015 Unit: Million USD Item s 16 Years 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Coffees 10,9 15,8 9,73 8,92 29,7 23,6 14,8 22,4 63,0 66,4 72,7 80,34 59,8 6 Vesgeta 1,66 1,89 2,15 2,44 5,91 7,70 8,97 10,3 12,2 16,6 19,2 21,25 22,5 bles 5 Rices 0,45 1,16 1,60 1,82 3,92 4,96 6,79 6,01 3,49 3,14 3,76 4,20 12,67 SUM 13,0 18,9 13,4 13,1 39,5 36,2 30,5 38,8 78,7 86,2 95,7 105,80 95,0 8 9 Source: Ministry of Industry and Trade of Lao People's Democratic Republic *) Analyzing the impact level of AEC on the development of agricultural exports turnover and the results of agricultural exports in Lao PDR when participating in the Regarding export turnover: The growth rate of export seems to tend to increase between before and after joining the AEC, before joining the specific AEC in 2015, the value of exports of Lao PDR about $ 95.07 million, after joining the AEC, agricultural exports of Lao PDR about $ 98.56 million. Table 3.8: Comparison of growth rate of agricultural exports of Lao PDR before and after joining AEC Criteria Export turnover of Unit 2015 2016 Millions USD 95,07 98,56 Millions USD 3,49 % 3,67 agricultural products Increase levels Growth rate Source: Lao's Ministry of Industry and Trade The situation of export of agricultural products in the market area after the formation of AEC has changed relatively strongly when the export turnover of agricultural products to Asian markets and EU market has changed positively, there is the increase in export turnover, however, appears to have reduced the export turnover to the US market. 17 Table 3.10: Change in export turnover of agricultural products by export market export Unit: Million USD Contents 2015 2016 Absolute increase Asean 70,67 73,06 2,39 EU 22,49 24,95 2,46 US 1,91 1,85 0,06 Source: Lao's Ministry of Industry and Trade The export of agricultural products from Laos to the Asian market may be partly attributable to the formation of the AEC, thereby facilitating the export of the Lao PDR to the other countries of the region, particularly concretizes the advantages that the export turnover of agricultural products on markets in Asia raised US $ 2.39 million when comparing 2016 and 2015 3.3. A general assessment of the development of agricultural exports of the Lao PDR and the issues rose in when participating in the AEC 3.3.1. Achievements In the period 2003 to 2016, the situation of agricultural exports of Lao PDR is generally positive and encouraging. Many results of export activities have been achieved by expanding the market and scale of export of agricultural products. The export scale of some main agricultural products of Lao PDR has been expanding in both quantity and quantity About mechanism, the export policy of agricultural products was promulgated recently, especially during the transition period when the formation of the AEC economic community has had a positive impact on the export of agricultural products in Lao PDR It is possible to generalize some basic features as: The agricultural export policies have seen positive changes in the direction of gradually liberalizing agricultural products and encouraging the export of agricultural products The management mechanism of agricultural exports has gradually shifted from management to administration through legislation, planning and policy 18 through the flexible use of economic measures, Trade policy instruments, such as taxes, quotas, export subsidies, exchange rates The direct subsidy policy for exporters of agricultural products and export bonuses has contributed to a steady increase in agricultural exports in Lao PDR for many years, creating new potential markets 3.3.2. Limitations In addition to the achievements in agricultural exports in Laos under the conditions of AEC formation, there are still many limitations that need to be overcome. Specifically as: Investment in production of export products is still low, the State management agencies and enterprises have not prepared for the exploitation of export markets, export markets of agricultural products Lao PDR is currently relatively narrow in the ASEAN market and the US market, etc. State management on export activities is still inadequate, policy documents and circulars have not been issued yet. This invisibility has caused difficulties for the units involved in export activities. In addition to ensuring the quality of products, these units also have to deal with administrative procedures and inadequate procedures between the parties causing difficulties for exporters 3.3.3. The cause of limitations Mechanisms and policies of agricultural exports in Laos are still focused on the potential of the country, not paying due attention to the requirements of the market The policy of exporting agricultural products has not really solved the core issue of export, which is the production stage, some policies issued such as tax incentives, credit, subsidies for commodities exports mainly focus on trade but not strongly impact on the production of export items 3.3.4. The Issues rose for the development of agricultural exports of the Lao PDR when participating in the AEC When participating in the AEC will create a "free playground" for countries where there are no barriers to goods or services imposed. In general, agricultural commodities in particular member countries will be subject to the same preferential tax rates, as such, the competitiveness of agricultural products will focus on the price and quality of products. This will also cause difficulties and challenges for businesses, exporters of agricultural products from the Lao 19 PDR when right in the "home" of agricultural exports of Lao PDR may also meet certain difficulties if not timely change to fit the new context CHAPTER 4 DIRECTIONS AND SOLUTIONS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF EXPORTS AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS IN LAO PDR IN CONDITION FORMULA AEC 4.1. Development orientation of Lao PDR's agricultural exports in the context of the formation of AEC 4.2. A number of measures to develop agricultural exports of Lao PDR in the context of the formation of AEC 4.2.1. Increasing diversification of export sources First: Raise the key export items by increasing investment in production and processing Second: Good implementation of solutions on the formation and development of production areas, including solutions to planning specialized production areas for export; to build synchronously the infrastructure of exploitation, processing, warehouse and port of export Third: Provide timely information and forecasts for key exports Fourth: Protect the brand for export goods 4.2.2. It is necessary to have a rational and comprehensive policy on the export of agricultural products Firstly, policies on tariffs customs Second, the policy of quotas Third, the policy on the exchange rate Fourth, the export subsidy policy 4.2.3. Expand the export market of agricultural products First, promote trade promotion Second, the development of ecommerce, enhance market capacity Third, branding for export agricultural products 20 Fourthly, to enhance the competitiveness of agricultural products for export 4.2.4. Strengthen the organization and management of export activities of agricultural products Establishment of research institutes providing information to exporters + Training officials and experts to help exporters + Setting up state agencies in foreign countries for onthespot research on the situation of the market of agricultural export goods, traders and policies of the Government + The State should also set up and renovate the operation of trade divisions and trade representatives of Laos in foreign countries in order to promote business opportunities for Lao enterprises, in combination with demand marketing and efficiency of enterprises + These agencies should pay attention to market information and provide timely for domestic enterprises, ensure the speed and help enterprises to meet the market changes and catch up new demands arise + The Ministry of Trade should improve its management role in trade activities, including import and export. To promote import and export activities, especially import and export activities with ASEAN, EU market 4.2.5 To promote and improve the efficiency of scientific and technological activities to serve the export of agricultural products Promote technological innovation in enterprises; create real demand for promoting the transfer and application of scientific and technological achievements to production To renovate the mechanism of scientific and technological management, especially the financial mechanism towards expanding the autonomy and self responsibility of public organizations To implement the mechanism of selection of subjects through bidding for the performance of scientific and technological tasks on the basis of ensuring the principle of competition, efficiency and quality To quickly develop the science and technology market through the organization of technology markets and equipment, forms of consultancy, brokerage and technology transfer services 21 To build scientific and technological transaction centers in big economic regions throughout the country To study the application of scientific and technological solutions in order to rationally and effectively exploit natural resources, protect the ecological environment and apply new technologies in the control and treatment of environmental pollution To formulate strategies and policies for training and development of scientific and technological human resources, using and employing talents to encourage and promote creativity, speed up inventions and improve technical skills and the demand for socioeconomic development Develop a strategy for international integration in science and technology; narrowing the gap in science and technology with the region and the world for the process of industrialization, modernization and international economic integration To encourage foreign organizations and individuals to invest in the development of science and technology in Laos 4.2.6. Enhancing the propagation and popularization of international integration and trade Raise awareness about the role of export of agricultural products in the market economy among officials, business people and the masses by promoting propaganda and dissemination on international economic integration, on international trade both in terms of content and audience Improve the forecasting capacity, identify policies and changes in the international market of regulatory authorities, make international trade policies, and enhance adaptability to the new context of the market. The world of export businesses facilitates the export of some of Laos' strategic commodities to potential markets Increase social investment in the production of exports, affecting the ability to scale up production and export The establishment of a new longterm comprehensive export strategy in the first step, Still no clear export strategy, especially the market strategy and product strategy, lack of experience; There is not enough basis and level to develop plans and measures to develop dynamic and efficient export, 22 specifically, there is no program for development of key commodities and markets CONCLUSION Analyze and evaluate the real situation, find out the causes and factors influencing them to develop specific and appropriate solutions to develop agricultural exports of Lao PDR in the context of the formation of AEC. The dissertation has systematized and clarified the basic theoretical issues of agricultural exports. The thesis proposes a number of criteria for assessing the export performance of agricultural products Through the information experience of the use of solution groups for the end of the output of the commodity of the same as peer of Thai Lan, Viet Nam and Malaysia, The thesis extract the supplementing the lesson of the supplement for the Lao PDR in a farm item export. These are the learning experiences of the real specialty of agriculture, the development of agricultural products for the production and export of comparative advantage in AEC, as a professional development mode, push in the trade process, professional training in the field of the industry The thesis analyzes and evaluates the actual situation of agricultural exports of Lao PDR over in recent times, analyzing the factors affecting the export development of Lao PDR, the current status of mechanisms and policies. In recent times, the Government has issued the policy on export development, in which the author also pointed out the results, limitations and shortcomings of each policy in the implementation Concurrently, the author analyzes changes in the development of agricultural exports of Lao PDR by participating in the AEC, between before and after joining the AEC to see the volatility and effects of the AEC to emerge export of agricultural products of Lao PDR. In addition, the author presents and analyzes some of the opportunities and issues of the Lao PDR to develop agricultural exports when participating in the AEC Based on scientific theory, based on the viewpoints, objectives and orientations for developing agricultural exports in Lao PDR under the conditions 23 of AEC formation, the thesis has introduced economic groups to promote the export of agricultural products of Lao PDR. These groups are highly feasible because they are tied to the conditions required for implementation, in line with the development trend of agricultural production and exports when participating in the AEC These groups of solutions need to be researched and deployed synchronously; in particular, it will bring high efficiency. Another point in the thesis has provided the conditions for implementation of solutions with the Government, Ministries, branches, localities, enterprises and other concerned agencies In addition to the achievements, this research still not predicted the trend of agricultural exports, not enough data to analyze the fluctuation, thereby finding the rules for export development Agricultural products of Lao PDR under AEC conditions 24 ... SITUATION OF DEVELOPMENT OF EXPORT AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS IN LAO PDR IN THE ASEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY FORMATION 3.1. Potential for agricultural exports of Lao PDR and the effects of AEC * Coffee items Coffee Growing Areas: Lao' s coffee is mainly grown in the Bolaven plateau, ... Lao PDR under the Condition of Community Formation A SEAN Chapter 4: Orientations and solutions for developing agricultural exports of the Lao PDR in the context of the formation. .. products of the Lao PDR under the formation of the ASEAN Economic Community Therefore, the research both of theory and practice of agricultural export development of Lao PDR is very important and necessary. Based on the above