Summary of PhD thesis: Applications of enterprise resource planning (ERP) of retail enterprises in the world: Lessons learned and solutions for Vietnamese enterprises in the context of

In the world there have been many studies on issues related to enterprise resource planning (ERP), an overview of research on ERP, 3 ERP project implementation process in enterprises, roles and impacts. of ERP to business operations, critical success factors (CSFs) of ERP projects, ERP development trends.

MINISTRY OF TRAINING AND EDUCATION

FOREIGN TRADE UNIVERSITY

INNOVATION GROWTH MODEL

Discipline: Business and Management

NGUYEN THI HONG VAN

HANOI - 2019

MINISTRY OF TRAINING AND EDUCATION

FOREIGN TRADE UNIVERSITY

INNOVATION GROWTH MODEL

Discipline: Business and Management Major: Business Administration Code number: 9340101 62.34.01.02

NGUYEN THI HONG VAN Supervisor: Assoc Prof Dr Pham Thi Hong Yen Assoc Prof Dr Nguyen Van Thoan

HANOI - 2019

LIST OF PUBLICATIONS

1 Nguyễn Văn Thoan và Nguyễn Thị Hồng Vân, 2015, Kinh nghiệm quản

lý website thương mại điện tử của một số doanh nghiệp trên thế giới và bài học

mại số 77+78, tháng 1,2/2015

2 Nguyễn Văn Thoan và Nguyễn Thị Hồng Vân, 2015, Nghiên cứu

trường hợp FresDirect và bài học kinh nghiệm cho các doanh nghiệp bán lẻ trực tuyến Việt Nam, Tạp chí Khoa học Thương mại số 82+83, tháng 6,7/2015

3 Nguyễn Văn Thoan và Nguyễn Thị Hồng Vân, 2017, Một số giải pháp

ứng dụng các công cụ thương mại điện tử nhằm đẩy mạnh bán lẻ trực tuyến tại Việt Nam, Tạp chí Kinh tế đối ngoại, số 95, tháng 6 năm 2017

4 Phạm Thị Hồng Yến và Nguyễn Thị Hồng Vân, 2017, Ứng dụng quản

trị nguồn lực doanh nghiệp (ERP) tại các doanh nghiệp bán lẻ Việt Nam, Tạp

chí Kinh tế Châu Á – Thái Bình Dương, số 504, tháng 10 năm 2017

5 Nguyễn Thị Hồng Vân, 2018, Một số giải pháp nhằm ứng dụng các mô

hình mới của thương mại điện tử trong lĩnh vực du lịch của Việt Nam trong bối cảnh cách mạng công nghiệp 4.0, Tạp chí Kinh tế đối ngoại, số 107, tháng 8

năm 2018

6 Nguyễn Thị Hồng Vân, 2018, Doanh nghiệp bán lẻ Việt Nam trong bối

cảnh cạnh tranh và đổi mới mô hình tăng trưởng, Tạp chí Công thương, số 12,

tháng 9 năm 2018

7 Nguyễn Văn Thoan và Nguyễn Thị Hồng Vân, 2018, Kinh nghiệm phát

triển Nông nghiệp thông minh tại Nhật Bản và bài học cho Việt Nam trong bối cảnh cách mạng Công nghiệp 4.0, Tạp chí Kinh tế đối ngoại, số 110, tháng 10

năm 2018

8 Nguyễn Thị Hồng Vân, 2019, Xu hướng và khả năng ứng dụng công

nghệ Blockchain trong chuỗi cung ứng hàng nông sản trong thời đại cách mạng công nghiệp 4.0, Tạp chí Kinh tế đối ngoại, số 114, tháng 2 năm 2019

INTRODUCTION

1 Rationale of the topic

Vietnam has fully opened its retail market since January 11,

2015, making the retail market more exciting than ever Foreign retail businesses with advantages in capital, technology, and modern management methods create great challenges for Vietnamese retail businesses In addition, the retail market also tends to develop modern retail channels, online retail, integrated multi-channel retail, convenience stores creating a new face of the market retail and increased pressure on traditional retail channels Many foreign retailers, especially in the modern retail sector, such as Aeon (Japan), Lotte (Korea), Central Group (Thailand) have been expanding their activities in Vietnam market through M&A If there are no significant changes in improving the efficiency of resource management, many Vietnamese retail businesses will soon fail in the domestic market

To overcome these challenges, retail businesses need to increase the application of modern management tools to improve the efficiency

of resource management, provide timely reports to help leaders make timely decisions In particular, Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)

is the information and management technology solution for businesses

in optimizing the efficiency of use, exploiting the resources of enterprise In the world, especially in developed countries like the United States, Britain, Germany and Japan the application of enterprise resource planning (ERP) at retail businesses has become popular The world's leading businesses in the retail sector such as Walmart, Amazon, Costco have all deployed ERP and considered it an

information system that plays a decisive role in the success of the operation and management of retail operations

In Vietnam, enterprise resource planning ERP has been mentioned since 2000, however, the implementation of ERP applications in Vietnamese enterprises, especially retail businesses is still very limited Specifically, about 11% of Vietnam's retail businesses have applied ERP Only large-scale enterprises, large capital, and large quantities of goods can implement ERP systems such as SaigonCoop, Nguyen Kim, Tran Anh, Mobile World Moreover, foreign-invested retail businesses have the advantage of deploying ERP applications from their parent companies overseas, which also puts pressure on Vietnam's retail businesses In the context

of increasingly fierce competition in the domestic retail market, Vietnam's retail businesses need to make rapid changes to survive on the domestic market in the context of competition and tissue innovation growth picture Therefore, studying the experience of ERP application of retailers in the world from which to draw lessons and proposing appropriate solutions for Vietnamese retailers is necessary and have practical value Therefore, "Applications of enterprise resource planning (ERP) of retail enterprises in the world: lessons learned and solutions for Vietnamese enterprises in the context of competition and innovation growth model" is proposed as the title of

ERP project implementation process in enterprises, roles and impacts

of ERP to business operations, critical success factors (CSFs) of ERP projects, ERP development trends Typical of which:

General research on ERP: Esteves and Pastor (2001), Al-Mashari (2002), Moon (2007), Schlichter (2010) are typical studies that provide statistical reports on studies and articles posted in specialized ERP magazines Studies on the impact of ERP implementation on business operations, on market response to enterprises: Research by Hayes et al (2001) on market response when companies announce ERP implementation

Studies on the application of ERP and ERP project implementation process: a study by Marnewick et al (2005) provides a model to explain the complexity of ERP systems for houses manage in a non-technical and understandable way This study shows that ERP systems are not only software but also business processes and management in the enterprise

2.2 Researches in Vietnam

In Vietnam, ERP studies have been mentioned by some authors

in recent years, typically as follows: An overview of enterprise resource planning: books on information systems and e-commerce in Vietnam have addressed the issues of enterprise resource planning (ERP), typically Church Process Management Information System (Tran Thi Song Minh, 2012), E-Commerce Curriculum (Tran Van Hoe, 2010) is a valuable reference material for the thesis

2.3 Research gap

From an overview of the research situation, it can be seen that most of the research on ERP applications in enterprises comes from

foreign scientists and practical issues in countries such as the United States and China These studies mainly analyze enterprises in the manufacturing industry, small and medium enterprises, have very little research on retail businesses There has not been much research conducted in Vietnam on ERP applications, and there have been no studies analyzing businesses in the retail industry Therefore, the gap for ERP application research in retail businesses in Vietnam is huge

3 Research objectives and Research questions:

The purpose of the thesis is to propose solutions and recommendations

to enhance ERP application in Vietnamese enterprises In order to achieve the research purpose set out, the thesis must solve the following specific research tasks:

- Clarify theoretical issues of enterprise resource planning (ERP), application of enterprise resource planning (ERP) in retail businesses and the need for enterprise resource planning applications (ERP) in retail businesses in the context of competition and innovation growth model

- Study the experience of applying enterprise resource planning (ERP)

in retail businesses in the world, with typical successes and failures in

a number of retail businesses in the United States, China, and Thailand , and Canada

- Evaluate the situation of application of enterprise resource planning (ERP) of Vietnamese retail businesses in the context of competition and innovation of growth model

- Proposing solutions for retail businesses and proposing to state management agencies to enhance ERP application in retail businesses

in Vietnam in the context of competition and innovation of growth model

In order to carry out the research tasks of the thesis, the PhD student answers the research questions of the thesis including:

- What are the benefits of ERP systems for retail businesses?

- How do retail businesses in the world deploy ERP?

- What are the lessons that Vietnamese businesses can learn?

- How has Vietnamese retailer applied ERP?

- What do Vietnamese businesses need to do to enhance ERP application?

- What measures should the State authorities take to promote ERP application in retail businesses?

From the research questions, after conducting an overview study, the PhD student presents the hypotheses and research models, the specific content is presented in chapter 3 in the thesis

4 Subjects and scope of research:

4.1 Research subjects

The research object of the thesis is the experience of applying enterprise resource planning (ERP) of retail businesses in the world, lessons and solutions for Vietnamese retail businesses in the context

of competition and Innovation growth model

4.2 Research scope

Regarding the content: In the framework of the doctoral thesis, the scope of research is limited to retail businesses doing business in series Specifically, the dissertation analyzes the experience of application of enterprise resource planning (ERP) in a number of retail

businesses doing business in typical chains in the world including: Walmart, Amazon, Nordstrom, Wumart, MC Group, and Target

In the analysis of the status of application of enterprise resource planning (ERP) in Vietnamese retail enterprises, the thesis also limits the study of enterprise resource planning (ERP) from 2000 to 2018, vision to 2030

5 Research method

5.1 Qualitative and quantitative research methods

Qualitative research method: The thesis uses methods in qualitative research including: observing, analyzing content based on secondary data and in-depth interviews to consult experts on research issues save (Berg, 2001; Salkind, 2009)

Quantitative research method: The thesis uses enterprise survey method to test the model of factors affecting the application of ERP in retail businesses in Vietnam The method used by PhD students in quantitative research is to test the scale by Cronbach's Alpha coefficient, EFA factor analysis and regression correlation analysis to determine model building and model verification ERP applications in retail businesses

5.2 Methods of collecting and processing data

The data used in the thesis include primary and secondary data Primary data is collected from expert interviews and enterprise surveys Secondary data is aggregated from articles published in specialized journals on e-commerce, technology, business and management; textbooks, monographs on e-commerce, ERP, and industrial revolution 4.0

Methods of data collection and processing in the thesis are used including content analysis method in qualitative research (Krippendorf, 1980), and EFA factor analysis method and multi regression analysis turn on SPSS software 20

5.2.1 Content analysis method

Content analysis method: technology to "determine orientation, discovery, and prediction according to the intent of the study" (Krippendorf, 1980) Fellows use intentional survey, prediction or reasoning methods, set the content of analytical data in context and purposeful analysis, in particular Research students use content analysis techniques to analyze ERP application situations in foreign retail businesses

Methods of synthesis, analysis, comparison and comparison: are methods combined with content analysis method to combine theoretical basis, research overview, and experimental results (Krippendorf, 1980) The data used includes primary data (through surveys, interviews) and secondary data (eCommerce reports, IT reports, corporate reports)

5.2.2 Inspection of Cronbach’s Alpha scale, EFA discovery factor analysis and multivariate regression

PhD student using SPSS 20 software in quantitative research method, using methods of testing Cronbach's Alpha scale, factor analysis of EFA discovery and multivariate regression to verify research model ( Hoang Trong and Chu Nguyen Mong Ngoc, 2008)

5.2.2.1 Inspection of Cronbach’s Alpha scale

The researcher uses Cronbach's Alpha method (or "type of garbage")

to eliminate inappropriate variables in the quantitative research model

because these variables can create false factors when manure EFA (Salkind, 2009) The meaning of the Cronback’s Alpha coefficient is

to reflect the close correlation between the observed variables in the same factor, which has a variable value in paragraph [0; 1]

5.2.2.2 EFA discovery factor analysis method

Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) method helps to evaluate two important values of scale as convergence value and discrimination value (Salkind, 2009) Fellows use the EFA method to shorten the set

of observed variables into meaningful factors

5.2.2.3 Multivariate regression analysis

The PhD student uses the multivariate regression analysis method in SPSS to test the research model, to determine the specific weight of each independent factor affecting the dependence factor from which the equation is given regression (Nguyen, 2015) This method allows determining the degree of influence of each independent factor on the dependent factor Based on the multivariate regression results, the researcher determined the level of influence between the independent variables through the Standardized Coefficients, and built the regression model based on the unqualified coefficient (Unstandardized Coefficients) (Nguyen, 2015)

- In terms of practicality: first, the thesis has generalized the status of ERP application in retail businesses in the world Secondly, the thesis has synthesized and analyzed the experience of ERP application in some typical retail businesses using the model framework of factors affecting the application of enterprise resource planning (ERP) in the Retail businesses and draw lessons for Vietnamese retail businesses

in Vietnam retail enterprises in the period from 2000 to 2018, before and in the context of competition and innovation growth model in Vietnam Fourth, the thesis has evaluated the model of factors affecting the application of enterprise resource planning (ERP) in retail businesses in Vietnam in the context of competition and innovation of growth models , assess the reliability of the scale and test hypotheses Fifth, the PhD student has proposed solutions and recommendations to promote ERP application in Vietnamese enterprises, helping Vietnamese retail businesses improve their competitiveness in the context of innovation model

6 New contributions of the thesis

New academic contributions: firstly, the thesis has systematized the theoretical basis of enterprise resource planning (ERP), ERP applications in retail businesses, and the necessity of ERP applications

in retail businesses in the context of competition and innovation growth model Secondly, the thesis has built a model of factors affecting the application of enterprise resource management (ERP) in retail businesses

New findings and proposals of the thesis: First, the thesis has generalized the status of ERP applications in retail businesses in the world Secondly, the thesis has synthesized and analyzed ERP application experience in some typical retail businesses in the world Researchers use a model framework to influence the application of enterprise resource management (ERP) to analyze the ERP application experience of retail businesses in the world and draw 05 lessons experience for Vietnamese retail businesses Third, the thesis has generalized the practical implementation of ERP in Vietnam retail

enterprises in the period from 2000 to 2018, before and in the context

of competition and innovation growth model in Vietnam Fourth, the thesis has evaluated the model of factors affecting the applications of enterprise resource management (ERP) in retail businesses in Vietnam

in the context of competition and innovation of growth models , assess the reliability of the scale and test hypotheses Fifth, the PhD student has proposed solutions and recommendations to promote ERP applications in Vietnam retail businesses in the context of competition and innovation of growth model

7 Structure of the thesis

In addition to the list of tables, pictures, references, appendices, introduction and conclusion, the main content of the thesis consists of

3 chapters

Chapter 1: Enterprise resource planning and the necessity of applying corporate resource management of retail businesses in the context of competition and innovation of growth models

Chapter 2: Experience of enterprise resource planning (ERP) applications in retail businesses around the world

Chapter 3: Current situation of enterprise resource planning applications in retail enterprises in Vietnam in the context of competition and innovation of growth model

Chapter 4: Solutions and recommendations to strengthen enterprise resource planning applications of retail businesses in Vietnam