Vi sinh vật bệnh truyền nhiễm vật nuôi

N G U Y iN BA HIEN (Chu b ien ) N G U Y i N QUOC DOANH - PHAM SY LANG - NGUYEN TH| KIM TH AN H C H U O iN H t6 i VI SINH VAT BENH TRUYEN NHlilM VAT NUOI • • (T d i b a n la n t h u n h a t) NHA XUAT BAN GIAO DUC VIET NAM Cong ty Co phan sach Dai hpc - Day nghe - Nha xuat ban Giao due Viet N.am giur quyen cong bo tac pham 04 - 2009/CXB/495 - 17/GD Ma so : 7K747y9 - DAI LOI NOI DAU Vi sinh vat - Benh truyen nhiem vat nuoi du’o’c bien soan nham cung cap mot so tai lieu de cac sinh vien Cao dang, Trung cap chuyen nghiep chuyen nganh Chan nuoi - Thu y, giao vien va hoc sinh thong qua trinh day va hoc m on cong nghe (phan Nong - Lam - Ngtf nghiep), sinh vien khoa Sinh Kv thuat Nong nghiep cac trirdng Dai hoc, Cao dSng co the’ dung de tham khao giang day ly thuyet cung nhir thirc hanh Cac tac gia tham gia bien soan difdc phan cong nhu* sau: Cac chifdng 1, II, III, V, VI, VII tac gia N guyen Ba Hien bien soan Chitctng IV cac tac gia N guyen Thi Kim Thanh va Chu Dinh Tdi bien soan Chifdng VIII cac tac gia Pham Sy Lang va Nguyen Quoc Doanh bien soan Trong qua trinh bien soan chung toi da co gang gidi thieu, bd sung nil img kien thitc, noi dung can thiet va hien dai dira tren nhimg tiru cua khoa hoc Thii v va nhimg kinh nghiem thirc ti£n dirdc tong ket nganh Vi day la lan dau tien bien soan mot tai lieu tham khao chung cho nhieu doi tirdng sir dung nen chSc chan khong the tranh khoi nhirng thieu sot Chiing toi rat mong nhan dirdc nhung y kien dong gop cua cac ban dong nghiep va ban doc qua trinh sir dung tai lieu de cuon sanh cang hoan thien hern Moi y kien dong gop xin giii ve Cong ty cd phAn sach Dai hoc - Day nghe, Nha xuat ban Giao due, 25 Han Thuyen, Ha Noi Dien thoai (04) 8264974 Chiing toi xin chan cam c?n! Cac tac gia MUC LUC Trang Loi noi dau PHAN THL/ NHAT OAI C lfO N G C h u o n g Dai cuong ve vi khuan va virus I Cau tao va sinh ly cua vi khuain 7 II V irus 24 III A nh huong cua ngoai canh den vi sinh vat 35 C h u o n g P h u on g thuc gay benh cua vi sinh vat va kha nang m ien dich ciia co the d ong vat 45 I NhiSm trung va phuong thuc gay benh cua vi sinh vat 45 II K nang mi£n dich cua co the 49 Chirong Dai cu on g ve benh truyen nhiem 69 I Cac thoi ky tien trien cua benh truyen nhidm - cac the benh 69 II Q ua trinh sinh dich 72 III Phong va chong dich benh truyen nhiem 78 PHAN THU HAI CHUYEN KHOA C h u o n g Benh truyen nhiem chung cho nhieu loai vat nuoi 90 Benh nhiet than 90 Benh dai 97 Benh lao Benh xoan khuain 109 Benh say thai truyen nhi6m 115 Benh uon van 121 Chirang Benh truyen nhiem a trau, bo 126 Benh la m om long m o ng 126 Benh bo dien 133 Benh tu huyet trung trau, bd 139 C h u on g Benh a loai lgn 145 Benh dich ta lgn 145 Benh dich ta lgn chau Phi 153 Hoi chirng roi loan ho hap va sinh san d lgn 157 Benh tu huyet trung lgn 165 Benh dong dau lgn 170 Benh phd thirang han lgn 176 Benh phu thung d lgn 181 Benh suydn lgn 186 C huong Benh truyen nhiem a gia cam 192 Benh Newcastle 192 Benh cum gia cam 202 Benh Gumboro 208 Benh tu huyet trung gia cam 214 Benh thuang han ga 218 Benh viem dudng ho hap man tmh d ga 223 Benh dich ta vit 230 Benh viem gan virus cua vit 238 Phan thuc hanh Bdi I Bao quan, sir dung kinh hien vi de quan sat vi sinh vat - phuang phap lam tieu ban Bai Nuoi cay vi khuan, virus - vacxin va phuang phap sir dung vacxin 244 247 Bdi Phuang phap md kham dong vat thi nghiem, lay benh pham chan doan, xet nghiem, mot sd phuang phap tieu doc, sat trung 250 Bai Benh truydn nhidm a loai lan 252 Bai Benh truydn nhidm a gia c£m 253 Bai Tiem phong bdnh cho Ion 255 C huong Benh truyen nhi6m cho, meo Benh sai s6't cua cho 257 Benh viem ruot Parvovirus a cho 261 Benh vi6m gan truydn nhidm a cho 265 Benh ia chay Parvovirus a meo 269 Ky thuat thuc hanh didu tri 272 Tai lieu tham khao 257 277 P h a n th iV n h a t OAI CUONG ■ Chuong OAI CUONG VE VI KHUAN VA VIRUS I C A U TAO VA SINH LY CUA VI KHUAN 1.1 Khai niem Vi khudn (Bacteria) la nhung vi sinh vat ma ca th i chi g6m mot te bao, khong co mang nhan (Prokaryote), thudng co kich thudc dai'tir - 10p.m, rong 0,2 - 1,5p.m Vi khudn co hinh thai rieng, dac tmh sinh hoc rieng, da so song hoai sinh tir nhidn, mot so co kha nang tiet khang sinh, mot s6 co kha nang gay benh cho ngudi va dong vat Co the nuoi c£y vi khuan cac moi truang nhan tao va quan sat dugc hinh thai cua chung duai kmh hien vi quang hoc thong thuang 1.2 Hinh thai co ban cua vi khudn Vi khuan co hinh thai nhat dinh, hinh thai mang vi khuan quyet dinh Nhin b i ngoai, ngirdi ta chia vi khudn lam loai hinh chinh: c£u khudn, true khudn, cau trirc khudn, xoAn khudn va phay khudn 7.2.7 C au k h u d n (coccus) C iu khuan la loai vi khudn phan ldn co hinh c£u nhung co the co hinh bSu due, hinh ngon nen Dirdng kinh cua vi khuan thay doi khoang 0,5 - 1pm Tuy theo loi phAn chia, vi tri cua mat phAng phan cat va dac tinh ndi hoac dmh lai vdi sau phAn chia ma cau khudn lai chia cac gidng sau: a) Vi cau khudn (M icrococcus) La loai cau khuan dung rieng re timg te bao m6t, loai thudng sdng hoai sinh dat, nude va khdng b) Song can khudn (Diplococcus) Khi phAn chia, c iu khuan phan cAt theo mot mat phAng xac dinh r6i dm h vdi tung doi mot, da so song cau song hoai sinh tu nhien, cd mot so loai gAy benh nhir lau cau khuan (Neisseria gonorrhoeiae), phe cau khuan (Diplococcus pneumonia) hay nao m6 cSu khuan Neisseria meningitidis c) Lien can khuan (Streptococcus) CiUi khuan phan cat theo mot mat ph&ng xac dinh roi dinh lien vai chuoi dai Nhirng loai dang chu y nhir: liC‘n cau gay mil Streptococcus pyogenes, lien c£u khuan gay benh viem hach truyen nhiem a ngua Streptococcus equi cl) Tu cau khuan (Staphylococcus) C&u khuan phan cat theo nhung mat phAng bat ky roi dfnh lai vai timg dam giong nhu hinh chum nho Da so H inh 1.1 Streptococcus equi tu cau song hoai sinh, mot so gay benh cho dong vat nhu Staphylococcus aureiLs* 1.2.2 True k h u a n (Bacteria) True khuan la ten chung de chi nhung vi khuan co hinh que, hinh gay Kich thudc cua true khuain vao khoang ,5 -lx l - 4p.m Nhung true khuan hay gap thuoc cac giong sau: a) Bacillus La true khuan gram dirong ( + ) \ song hieu khi, sinh nha bao nhung chidu ngang cua nha bao nho hon chieu ngang cua vi khuan nen vi khuan mang nha bao se khong bi bien dang Vi du: Vi khuan gay benh nhiet than (Bacillus anthracis)\ true khuan co kho (Bacillus subtil is) Hinh 1.2 S taphylococcus aureus b) Clostridium La nhung true khuan gram (+), song yem khi, sinh nha bao nhung chieu ngang nha bao lan han than vi khuan nen vi khuain mang nha bao se bi bien d6i hinh dang 17 du: Vi khuan uon van (Clostridium tetani) mang nha bao co hinh dui trong, hinh dinh ghim Viec phan biet loai vi khuan gram (+) va gram (-) nha vi khuan hoc Christian Gram, ngi/di Dan Mach (1889) da dua phifdng phap nhuom, sau mang ten ong: phUdng phap nhuom Gram Bang phudng phap nhuom nay, nhung vi khuan bat mau tim cua thuoc nhuom tim Genxian, tay mau bang axeton cung khong bi troi la vi khuan gram (+), vi khuan gram (-) tay mau bang axeton mau tim troi di, nhuom mau Fucxin chung bat mau goi la vi khuan gram (-) bi sung thung, day len; thuy thung (co dich) cung thirong tha'y a xoang bung va xoang ngurc cua cho benh Cac n6t hoai tir xam trang cung gap a than Thay doi ve mau: h6ng c5u giam, co chi trieu/m m (binh thucmg 5-6 trieu/m m a cho khoe); bach cSu giam tha'p: 4000/m m (binh thuang: 80 00/m m a c h o khoe manh) VI D lf iu K lfiN LA Y TR UYEN B $N H - Cho a cac lua tu6i deu co the nhiem virus viem gan (CHV); nhung cho tir - thang tu6i r&'t m an cam v6i virus, nhiem virus, phat benh va chet vai ty le cao Cac loai thu ho Cho (C anidae) cung bi nhiem virus va phat benh nhu: cho soi, cao cSy, ch6n, lung Ion; d6i tha'y ga'u bi benh - Benh lay truyen qua du&ng tieu hoa cho an thuc an, udng nu6c co mfim benh - Cho me duac mien dich tu khoi benh trudc hoac duac tiem vacxin phong benh viem gan virus co ih i truyen mien dich cho cho qua thai va sira, co th i chdng duac virus - tuan sau sinh - Benh co the lay truyen quanh nam a nhung ca sa nu6i cho bi6 nhiem mSm benh V II C H A N D O A N - Ch£n doan lam sang: thuang can cur vao cho bi s6't, chay m au ducmg tieu hoa keo dai; bung tich nirac, dac biet la a cho 1- thang tuoi - Ve l^m sang, c£n phan biet viem gan cho CH virus va virus Care Benh viem gan virus Care thi cho kem theo trieu chting viem ph6i ca'p, viem nao v6i cac trieu chung than kinh va cac not mun loet a ngoai da - Cha’n doan phong thi nghiem: nu6i ca'p va phan lap virus CH tir benh ph^m la'y t u cho benh tren phoi trung ga hoac m6i trucmg te' bao than cho - Chan doan huyet mien dich: ap dung ky thuat huynh quang khang the’ gian tie'p (IFAT) cho ke't qua chan doan chmh xac va phat hien sam benh V III D lf)ll TRI I Kh6ng co khang sinh dac hieu dieu tri benh viem gan virus a cho Co th£ dung phac dieu tri sau: - Nang cao the’ va sure de khang: Trong dieu kien co the’ duac, c in truyen mau cho cac gi