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Bii yi€i sirtr clly ptrfn ticlr vd nrtic do tiep cAlr cdc plttrong ti6n truydrl thdng dzri cltinrg cira phq nlt & tlrinh plrd IIo lh N4inlr 1'p' IICM qua k€t rluA didtr r1a, rrfiltrtg nO

Trang 1

vAtt ttoA - xA ttQt

PHU

Nu-V( )I

Phu nrl Tp Hd Chi Minh

TIIIN 'II?I]YIIN 'IIIONC DAI CHUNE

rudc didu tra nirY c15 sfi durrg kY thuAt ph6ng v0n bang bin cfltt

fip chotr rn6tl didn hinh Cdc dcrn vi dtroc

didrr tra bao g6m: phtrdng Ngrry€n't'h6i Brnh

(t1u0n l), phtrdrrg I I (c1uAr1 Cib Vep) phuirrtg

I (qtre n 1 l) vh xd TAn Teo (huye n Blnh

Chltnh) T'dng sO rn5tr dieu tra lir 697 ngtrdi,

plrflrr bo cldri fi zf do4 vi dieu tt'a, trottg d6 c6

349 rrii, clti€rn 50,lVo Sau clAy lh rrlot sO dac

didnr cira tn[u cliitr tra nii gi6i

Vt) tueii tilc: c6 l4,3Vo thtrOc tth6ttt 16-20

rudi; 26,40lo nh6m 2l-30 tutji; 20,6Vo nh6rrr

3 l-40 lutii; 28,1o/o trlt6rtt 4 I -60 ttrdi; vh

l0,6oh nh6rn [u 6 I ltrdi trd lerr.

- Ve ltoc ,vAtt: 3,!,57o c6 trinlt dQ c[|p l;

3(lPo/? cep It; /,4,ATo cap III; ),77o dai lloc vi\

ciro, d|ng ; vd,2,$T,o qb4 rPil chir.

' ViAn XIIII TP II6 Ch( tr[htlt

pru rru volcAC plluohrc tre lr rrrolre tnl DAr o rut'lc rlr oE tnt DA DUQC cAc NtlA xn ttQt trQc pE cnp oEt't.

cuA Ncuor p,11 Nu d cnc DIA pguoNe vA cac rArue Lop xA rrQt xttnc ruttnu vAt'l tnd nElt cAru T}ttEr snt vtgt cuNG cAp rttOruo t^ uA nriary riptr vd rlrtune odc otdr.rr IRONG urue xur itgp t'ttl[t't tttOrue Tll'i DAI cFluNG cuA

prru r,ru ip rrd crrl t,ln lt oun xEr ouA vOr cuOc otdu iRn xn uQt HQC vAo TIIANG q NAv t qcz

IRAN ttutt AUnr'te'

- Vd nglrd nghi0p: lrong rrr,lu dititr tr.a c6 lO,60/o

clang lhnr nhlrng rrgltd lao ddrrg trf 6c vh qrrin ly; 5,7o/o lh c6rrg nlrfln; 18,3o/tt lao dOng tidu thir cdng

rrglriOp vh lao clOng cltAll tay tu do, l2,9olo bu6n

bdn nh6; 5,Jo/o lin"r n6ng nghi€p, 26,90/o nOi tro; 7,2o/o ltutr tt'(, gii yerr, 5,2o/o sirrh viOtr vi 5'47o hoc sinh.

Bii yi€i sirtr clly ptrfn ticlr vd nrtic do tiep cAlr cdc plttrong ti6n truydrl thdng dzri cltinrg cira phq

nlt & tlrinh plrd IIo (lh( N4inlr (1'p' IICM) qua k€t

rluA didtr r1a, rrfiltrtg nOi dLrlg t|udrrg ducrc tfieo cl6i; vr\ cuoi cirng li thir li6n h€ vdi vfln dt! vi trf xd

h6i cira ngtrdi phtr nir.

I trl(tt; t)O'ufft'cAN cAc PIIt/ON(;'rI0N

'I'RTJYiiN'I'IION(; DAI C]IIUNG I

Ker qtri xt'r ly cho biet co 2Jo/o nii gi6i trong

inAtr ,lieu tra tri ldi lh c<i cloc bdo lring ngiy; 25%

- sd zrt sql - 4l

Trang 2

- *-F.,- +",la.fr>+rr,- -,f fi|fl

TrAh /l1u Quan7

ll

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cri cloc vii lAn rn6i ttr.4rr i 4% cloc vhi lfin nr6i

f lring, v\ 43Va lrArr rrlrtr klrorrg doc N0tr tirrlr

churrg sO c6 doc lrhrtg nghy vh m6i ttrfirr vhi

l.4rr, tlri ch(rng ta c6 thd n6i ring c6 52Vo p|nt

rrr0t sd cuOc <liirr lra klrdc & Tp IICM, cttOc

di€u tra nhy cho thl\y, Itil git'ri c6 ty l0 doc

b6o tucrrrg dOi th{p so r,6i rrarn gidi: tloltg khi

ti l0 narn gi6i doc b6o hlrrg rrghy l6n tdi

4OTo, tlri cott s0 nhy iv nir gitli chi li\ 28olo; nlr

Itfrrrg I : Mfrc clO doc b{o, xem trtlydrt hirrh vh

gir'ri c6 t6i 437o lrdu nhu kh0rrg bao gid doc b6o,

trorrg khi ty l0 rrhy & rrarn gi6i lh 24Vn.

Khong c6 su clt6nh l€ch ddng kd giira nam vl nir

ve ty l0 xerrt ti vi vh rlglr" clhi, n6i c{ch kh/rc, nir c6

ty l0 theo d6i ti vi vh nghe clhi khOng thua k6m g'i so

v(yi narn gi6i: (>9Vo trA lcli lh tlrrrlnrg Xern ti vi h:\rrg rrghy, l3vo xem vhi ldn rn6i tuAn; ddi v6i dhi ph{t thanh thi ty le theo ddi c6 thdp hcm nlritu so v6i xem ti vi: llTo cl'r;' biet lh c6 rrghe lrhrrg rrgiy vh l0To nglte vhi l.{rr rrr6i tulin (Rlng l)

nglre dhi ph{t tlrarrh, phfln bd theo gi6i tfnh

Doc biro

- Girr nlrrr lrirng ng)ry

-l'dng cOrrg 274

4a

-JJ,/

40,0 27 ,5 tudn vhi llin 85 8(r

M6i thdrrg vhi lfirr 31 15

).7

!.1-g3 l5l '

I Idu Irhtr kh0rrg

7!/-,gte.

.5-1 41

I 5,4 I i,5

100 14,4

8 tl

i,

_ryl ry!. _UI

22

345 349 ,694

49J 50.3 100,0

35

N-u 240

NT

96

Nani

247

't'du-qO!s

483 69,6

Tdns c0ng 87 I2,5

32

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484

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100,0

Noln

41 I3,6

Nfr

40 ii,s

89 54

t7

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tl

345 349

4w_ laJ

l5

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234 't1 / 3

0,4

Khong trA ldi

T'r1ng cOng

Ri€rrg doi v6i vi€c cloc b{o, k6t qrr.l cliirr

lra cho biet lh rrhlirrg ngrrti phu nii c6 trinh

d0 hoc vfln cing cao, llrl ti l9 doc bdo nhidu

h<tn: 6J7o sO c6 lrjlrh d0 Dai hoc vh Cao dfrrig

c6 cloc bio lrhng righy, ty l0 rrhy clat 46% 0 s0

c6 trinir d0 cflp lIl: 20Vo sd cflp II v) lT%n b

s0 cAp I.

Phlin tich theo nghe rrghiOp, cht'rng ta ciing

th{ly c6 su kh{c biOt 16 rOt vd tflp qurin cloc

bdo giira cic rrlr6rn phu nlr lhrn c{c nghd klrl{c

rrlrarr: ti le c6 cioc b6o irhng ng)y ctridtn ltlq" A nlr6rn lhnr nOng nghiOp; llTo I nh6rn iao cl0ng tidu thtr c0n[ nghi€p vi lao dOng chati tay tu do,

2OVo iy rtlrtirn buon b{n nh6; 297o 6 nli6rn nol tro,

vh l0n t6i 57To 6 rrh6rrr lltn rihinrg rrgire lio clOtrg

tri 6c vh quin ly Sq khl{c biet rrhy mOt mtrt xuflt

phr{t tr'r str clr8nh l€ch vd trinh clO hoc vdn giira cic

nlr6m nglr€; rrrit kh6c, cfirrg gi6n tiep phin 6nlr su

khic biet ve nhu cAil thOng tin giffd ctic nlr6nr

nglrd nghi0p trong xfl h0i

-0.('*- !!

345 342

694 10b,0

: ,

Ghi chfi; C<i 3 nguiri kh0ng lrfr ldi ve gi6i lfnh,rlo cl6, tdrrg s0 rnflu dtrclc dua vho xfr if troirg biirg tren clAy l)

694 rrgrrdi, chfr kh0ng plrAi lI 697.

Trang 3

'ir&ffithrfih*o! r i,- :-,-

PltrJ r'lu IP ilo clti MtNil .

N€u so siinh theo dia bin ctr tni nOi thhrrh

vi\ rrgoai thhnh, chting ta ItlrArt thfiy' plru rrlr

n6i thlnlr c6 ty l0 doc bdo hhng nghy nhidtr

Iron so v6i phu nfr ngoai thhnh (327n so vtii

l27o) '[i l9 doc v]ri lAn rn6i tr.rArt chng rrhidu

lron (30% so vdi 5o/o); vh tr"ong klri ty l0 nir &

'rgo4i tlrhnh khdrrg doc pi{o I€n ttii J8o/r, tlri d

- rrOi thhnh, ty le nhy chi c6 34%.

DOi vdi tnrytln ltinlt, plrtr Irii ngoai tltittlt xcrn

hirrp ngiy v6i ty l€ c6 it lrcm plru nir nOi tlrinlr

rrrOt chfit (620/o so vdi 11%) Nlrtnrg c16i vcri dhi

plrdt tlrarrh, thi plru nlr ngoai thhrrh lai nglre nhiiLr

lrcnr so v6'i n6i thhnh (237o so vdi 87o).

Ngohi ra kOt qui di€u tra cdrt cho bi€t phu

nlr tlrtrdng it mua bdo hcrn so vtii rtarn gitii: c6

ll% trh ldi le thtrdng cli rnua [16o hdrrg nghy,

tlrudng rnua b6o rn6i thiing vii llirr (c6c ti le

trt(lrg tirrg d narn gicii ld 18o/o,2OVo vd llVo);

vh nir gidi doc b6o, xent ti vi vh nglte dhi v6i

gi6i: d6i vdi nltfrng phq nii c6 cloc b{o, rn6i

ngudi doc binh quAn m6i nghy 38 plrrit (so

voi 39 phfrt & narn gidi): doi vdi nhirng phtr

nfr c6 coi ti vi, thiri luong coi binh c1trfln rn6i

t02

92 46,9

ngrrbi nr6i nghy ln I gid 33 plrut (so vdi I gicr 25

plrrit cr rrarrr gitiil; v6i nglre dii nr6i ngtrdi nghe b)rrlr qrrArr rn6i ngiy 45 phrit (so v<ii 42 pl:rfit & ttarn

II NIITJN(; NOI I)TJN(} T'II[.T('NG T)TJOC- PIIT] NO

1'IIEO I).)I

Ket qui cli6u tra ciing cho tlrAy c6 I lolo thrrdng xuy€rr doc tiv Srii Gdrr gidi pl6ng; Ztlo/o ld 7'rtiii tt i;

llo/o td Pltt! nf('l'P IICI4; 30%, tir Cittg Att 'l'P. IICM; 3o/ct Lit KiAh tltftt' ngdy nuy; 4o/r' tit 7'lmnlt rtiAn; 4% td A4\rc lirtt Doi vtii cdc td bdo khdc, ty l0 c6 it hon.

V0 nOi dung tlruclrg drrqrc tlreo d6i Lr€n b6o in,

rrhlirrg trang nruc thrrbtrg dtroc nhidLr pltu nir doc nhAt

lh: cdc vu dn (57o/o), tin tfc trong nrrcrc (52o/o), tirr tfrc

c1u& t€, (47o/o), thdi trang (4lok), hon nhdn vh gia dinh

(,35o/o),lhi trtrorrg gid cA (337o)

N€u so si{nh nhlrng klriic biet gilla ciic d6c giA narn vh nlr, chftng ta c6 thd nlrAn thfly nrl gidi

tlrrrbrrg cloc trhidu hcln nanr nhlrng trang muc nhrr: thi trtrdng vh gi6 cA, rnuar sim, clich vu, thdi trang, h6n nhArr vh gia d)nh, vdrr hor{ vin ngh€ Narn gidi thtrdng tfieo cl6i nlrirng trang InLrc nlrtr: {in td'c trong rlrr6c vi\ quOc te, thd thao (Bing 2).

Rirrg 2: Nlrirng muc thudrrg duqc dw tr0n bdo chia theo gi6i tfnh (ty l€ok dtroc tirrh tr€n nhfrrrg ngubi c6 doc bdo)

tro,ng nu6c

rc

72 .15 il7

?7,! ?1,9 ?1,t

16,0 32,7 23 ,I

vlrr

nhCn gia dinh

di;;,iu; Y id

208 79,l

291 fI,7 300 65,4

l0 6,8

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104

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Itt 9,2 4 196 42,7

150 32 s7 ,0 16,3

ti 4,1 cao

Circ ''ru iilt

-5

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57,1 50 25,5

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,1 1

z.et 57,,1

459 100,0 Ngudn s6'liAu: Cu0c clidu (ra 911997

Ghi r lti; Nlrinrg ngrrdi tr i ldi c6 thd chorr toi da 5 rnuc tlrrrb'rrg cloc rrlrfii do d6 tdrrg cOng ti le c6 tlrd vttr-t clua l00o/o.

Kilon Hoc v€ PHU N0 - SO 2t1ss8 - 43

Trang 4

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Ddi v6'i lrttl'6rr lrirrh, plrtr rrii' tlrrtirlrg xerrr

rrhidrr rrhflt rrlrlrrrg clrtrrtttg trlrrlr phirrr lt trye rr

(177o): cii ltrrrrrg (48Vo): ca tthac (45"h)',lirr trrc

tr.orrg nrr6c (41ok),lirr lr'i'c- thd gi(ri (40%,): kir-lr

(36%): thd girlri cl<i dli1, Q5%); giii tri lrtl(ic

ngo:\i (31'n) nlilri;r lir, nlrirrrlt clrtl(trtll lrlrrlr

lling 3: Nlrirrrg r:lrrr<ing trlnlr lrttyCtt ltittlt clrrtJt: xt:ttt

rrlrirrrg rrgu'iri <i xcnr ti vi)

nrrng lirrh clrdt v:Irr lro{, virr nglr0 vh giii tri

-l'rorrg khi d6, klrhn gii rrarn tlrrritrtg xern nlrirng clrrrcirrg trlrrlr rrlrrr: titr lri'c lrolrg nrt(tc vr\ thd[i6i,,

klroa hoc k! lhtr0t vi dic bi€t li cdc chrrorrg' trlnh tlrd tlrao (Birre 3).

rrlriirr nhA't clri:r thco gitii rrriir (ry le q.,l,r# linlr trCrr

-q!uq!rrtr'iirb

Tirr tr'rc trorrg

llr ao

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Qrrirrg crio

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1'ting sd ngrrdi

-rv

Irrrllrg

Ngtdn 16'li€rt: Crr0c cli0rr lra 91l991 .

(ihi r'lril;Nlrlrrrg rrgrriri tri liri c6 tlrd clrr.rn loi tla 5 lrruc

qu,{ lO(IY.

Ddi vdi c.{c chrr<rrrg lr)rrlr plrit tlrrrrrlr thirrlr

gii nir thtrr}rg llreo diri tirr tr?c lhrli su (437o s<t

v6i fratn li 797o), cii ltrong (647o, ri rtanr lh

23Vn), ca rtltac ((t|Vn), vilt hod - xi hOi (21q,),

klroa lroc vh ddi sdng (l7Vo, narn -157n), th6rrg

f irr vi quirrg ciio ( 260/")

Nlrlrr churrg, qrra [''a phrrrrrrg ti0n thOng lirr

rl;ri chfrrrg l)r brio in, lrrryOrr hllrh vh ph.{t lhanh,

clrrirrg ta c6 lht! rrlrflrr lhlly lrry rriir gi(li theo rl6i

khri dOtr dirr rrlri6rr rr0i rltrng nlrrrng so v(vi narrr

gi<'li, ho tlrrrirlrg lhi6n vC nhirrrg n0i clung vrin

ho.{, vin nglr0 r,i rrhirlrg llr6rrg lin lhi lltrdrrg, gid

c.{; rrguoc lai, c6 ly l€ theo cl6i tin tr'rc, llriri su

ciing rrhtr rn0t sO nOi durrg khoa hoc - k! lhtr8l fl

hon so vdi rrarn gi6i

'l lhrtilng doc rrlrdt, clo cl6, ldrrg cOrrg t1i le c6 tlrd vtrcrt

vi rrghe clii, plrAn 16rr phu nir diu trfr lbi trtl tiSn s0 mot lh giii tri, k€ d6 lh theo d6i, tin tfrc, thli

str vir sarr ciurg li dd rnir rnang ki€rr tht'rc T'rorrg

khi d6 rru ti6n s0 rrrOt cira nanr gi6i tl'orrg vi€c rloc bdo li dd theo cl6i tin t(rc, tlrdi str, sarr d6

rndi lh dd giii tr i vi dd m6 r-nang ki€rr thfrc (cbn

dOi v6i truydrr h'irrh vi phdt tharrlr, thi kh0rrg c6 khric bi€t nhidu ve tirri'tu rru ti€rr trorrg rnrrc clich lltco rliii giira rrlrn vi\ nir).

T'irrlr lr)rrh nAy khien clrrirrg ta plrfri suy rrglri

vh lf giii t) rifly, chtirig loi ddng tinh v6'i rnot rrh8n clirrh vd viec lrrritlrg thu vin hbii qua cdc phtrcrrrg ti€rr tir0rrg tirr dqi chring cira phu nf(

n0rrg th0n qua rl0t cuOc rIi€u ti'a vho lrirn 1990:

Trang 5

v,l$lffiS$B$ffu.i"t.r.-i"d*-., q* .- r

. r)lru NU tP ild cltiMlNtt,

"N,lfrc hucnrg tlru yan hod cira plru nir ndrrg llr6n

hdy cbn rdt thap | J Vi0c doc sdch bi{o cfra

plrt-r nir n0ng thOp mdi clti nhrr nrOt thri vrri, rrlrrr

rn6t flinh thfrc giAi tri nrir [hOi" (Mai Vtrn [[ai

1992, tr.50) So vdi phg nfr n6rrg tlron & [ra tinh

IIh T'8y, Quing Narn - Dn N.ing vi Tidrr Giang

rpra cuOc clidu tra nirn 1990 vira dd cAp, c5 16

u nli TP.I-ICM n6i chung vi ph\r nir ngoai

rrrhnlr '|P.IICM n6i ri€ng cti cli€rr ki6n hrr&ng

dai chring tucrng ddi nhidu hdn, phong plrti hrrrr

T'uy nhi€n, vi€c sfr dung c,{c plrrrong tiOir tnrydn

thOng niy v5rr clri'r y€rr thi€n ve tirrli clrnt giii tri

lrcrn ld rlruc'ti€u theo d6i tlrdlrg tirr tlrt'ri srr vh rn<y

nrang ki€ir tht'rc.

rrr 'rrriI r.t0N lrp vdl vix n0 vr rrri xA rr0r

cuA N(;trdjr plru N0

' X6t vd rrrdt hiOn lutyng, clrrirrg ta nh0n tlrAy

nlrin chung ti l0 nlr gi6i rhco rl6i ci{c clrlrc/r)g

trinlr thdi su it hon so vdi nanr gidi GiA thuy€t

cfia chfng toi d day lh, tinlr lrjnlr'nhy kh6ng

hii ld k€t qui tdc dOng cfra bi€rr s6 gidi rinh,

T,,ri'phin 6nh su can thi0p cira nhlrng bi€n sfI

kh6c nr) chfrng ta cdn tiep trlc khAo sr{t vh

nghi0n cfru N6i cdch khdc, chrirrg ta klr0ng thd

k€t lrrAn mOt c6ch ngilr gon vh qrrii dcrn giAn

rang phu nir it quan tAnr t6i thiri su hon li narn

gi6i Chfirig tOi cho rdrrg s& di phu nll theo cldi

th0ng tin thdi su trrdng dOi it ir,y'r so v6i 'nam

gi6i, c6 16 do stt chi ph6i tdrrg hop cira nhidu

clidu kiOn xd lrOi vir dtrc didrp xfl froi - nhftn khlirr

cira rrir gioi

'll'inh clO hoc vdn cfia nii girii trong rn.{rr clitiu

tra ttrcrng d6i thAlr so vrii rram gi6i (tirrh hinh

nhy clrng tuong l.q nhrr k€t clui crrOc tdng rlidu

tr4 dArr sO rrf,m l9B9 tai 'IP.llCl,l: 65% rrii cti

trirrh d0 tir cep II lrd xudng & narn gi<ii lir 49o/c,).

Clri tiet ci{c nhdnr hoc vAn cfia nrAu didu tr-a nlr

rtlrtr siru: 2,601, rrrir chlr, 32(/o c[ip I,3lo/o cdp II,

24Vo c{11 lll, l0o/o f)ai hoc vh Cao ciing (tr.ong

23% cap II ,35o/o cnp III, l4o/c, I)ai lroc vi

thrrc td lh, rrhlrng ngudi c5 trinh d0 hoc vAn

pfr gidi c6 tr)uh d0 hoc vAn binh quAn thflp hon

narn giiri, thi ty l€ doc b6o hing ngly cfra ho

thfp lrrrn narrr gi6i cling li didu d0 lridu

Chring tOi rrghr ring, su chdnh l€ch vd hoc

vArr giria lrir gidi so vdi narn lh mOt chi bi{o phin dnh gidn tiep lrArr clrri cira quan ni6ln "trong narn khinlt lrlr", lruydn th0rrrg v6n vfrn cbn tidrrr

thng trorrg tllrn tlrric cira ci{c thO h€ hiOn t+i.

lrrrting rtrr tiOn cl,'irr trr vio chuyOn hoc hinh ciia con tnri lrtyrr li cou giii, g4p holn cinh kh6 khln tlri ngrriri con giii sE bi "rru ti€n" cho nghi hoc

trrrdc rrgudi con lrai

Chring ta bi€t reng, tnrdc nllirng y6u cdu cird cdrrg cudc c6ng nghiCp ho6 vh hiOn dai hod hi€n nay cfia dllt nrrdc, viOc nfng cao trinlr d0 hoc

vAn, tr.)nlr d0 k! tlruAt, vi tlinh d6 clAlt tri n6i chupg lh rrr0t ddi lr6i vh cldi vdi nfi gidi lai chng

cflr bi{ch.

MOt cu0c didu tra ve dAn cu ddng bang s6rrg Ciru l-orrg ciich nay vhi ninr, tdc gii Ngriydn Qrrang Vinh ghi rrlrfln trinh d0 lroc vdn ctra phu

nlr n6ng thdrt nhilr'chung cbn th{lp (tlrflp hon so

v6i phu ntt TP.llCM c1rr4 sd li€rr cuOc didu tra

thdrrg 911991), cu tlrd nhrr sau: 727o mi cl,ftr,

557o cflp I, 2lo/o cnp II ud 5Vo cap III (Nguy€n Qrrarrg Virrh 1995, tr.237) Cuoc didu tra niy

cd4 cho biet viec tiep lhu k! thult mdi trong

sin xullt n6rrg nghi€p cira plrr.r nii til k0nh truy$1 thorrg dai chring chi&n li Irqt,g khd thdp: c6 84o/o li€p thu cpra nhfing kinh rrghiQrn vh ftlnr

gtrdf rg lhrn in gi6i trong xdrn Ap; 20,60/o qua su

hudrrg dhn cira crirl bQ k! thuflt vi chi c6 4,37o n6i l.\ rilrq s6ch biio, dii phdt thanh "Didq dr{ng

luu y lh c6 fdi l5,4ok chi em c6 tr"inh d0 hoc ven

cflp II, III c6 tlrt! tiep thu prLoc k! thuAt rndi qua s{ch bho vir ciic plrrrcrlrg ti€lr tlrfing tin clai clrfing

(gllp hrrrr 3 l{in ti lg chung clro tohn gidi lao

clQng nlr trong virng, vh gAp l4 ldn so chi em c6

Klf on Hqc ve PUU Nr] -sO strsss- 45

Trang 6

TrAir tlht Quan+

hoc vll'ri bdp I) Cldc clri ern er'r hoc vfln cao lrcrrr

tiCp trh tr trithrir: k! llrrrAt qtln cdn b0 khoa hoc

- k! tlruflt drtoc fihitrr lttyn s0 chi eln c<i hoc vlllr

tltflp" (Nglri,€rr Qrrang Vinh, 1'ldrl) 'l'ir ch6 nlr{lrr

dirrh hoc vflrr lh rrr0t y€rr tr{ qrr;rir trong trong

vi€c tiep tih.lrr k! tlrrrAt, lric gil c<)n clro t'irrg,

c rt "klr0ng lrgrirrg lntl r0rrg co cdu n.1rrg ltrc cfra

Iro'1, hidu clAy rrlrrr li rnOl trorrg nhirrrg nhAn td

co birrr, lhrn rrin ting b6lt virrrg cho vi0c nllng

cao dia vi ngrrii phtr lrit ltOrrg tlrOn (Ngu1'[1

Quarrg Virrh, Tldcl)

Qna cflu lr6i v0 rrglrd rrglri€p, cuOc cli€rr tra

cho bi6t: c6 t6i 27% li rrOi trcy, trolrg klri ty l0

niy ir rram chi c6 lTo.lr4it khdc, khi tri liri cltu

h6i chi tlrrrilrg l.\rn g'i trong lhdi gian rinlr r6i,

c6 t6i 640/o lri lili ho plrii lirn nhirrrg cOng vi0c

nlri vh vi€c nOi tr.rl, vi 357o phii lo chim sdrc

con ctii, lrong khi ty l0 tuong r?ng nhy iy rrarn

riirlr r6i, rlarn gidi tlrtrr)rrg cloc h6o (637o), rlgc

sitc.h (247o), vh gip gd barr hd (451,4 rrlrieu hcrrr

so v6i rr[r gir'ri (ttrcrrrg r?rrg In 4'7Vo, l4Vo vh

30Eo).

C6 16, clo ndng g{nh c6ng viec "i6 gin, nOi

tro" Ilth sd plril nir hi€ir clatrg li nhflri vi6rr, vi€rr

clrrlc c{c ccl quan Nhl rrridc ctirrg rrhrr rrhii'rrg

phu dir dang l)rrr rrlrirng rrglr0 lao d0rrg tri 6c

trollg rrrf,u cli€u tra cfing v.{n cd ty lS doc bdo

hlng nSiy thllp hcrlr so vdi nalrr girii cirrrg nghnlr

nglr€: 517o rrir so v6i 807o nant.

Neu liAn h€ vdi tirrh hinh plrii clim cltrcrng

c0ng viOc nOi iro vi chtrrn s6c corr ii{i lrhng

nghy ctra nguiri phu niir cfirrg nhu tlnlr hinh v6

lrinir ,io ho" vflrr, chring ta c6 thd lr)nh clurrg ra

hai rrguy€n lrhfln chinh lirn clro nir gidi cti ty l0

doc biio vh tlreo cl6i tirr tr?c, tlrdi su it irorr so vrli

narn gi6i Tlrt? rrhflt, d(r lh kliorrg c6 dir tlriri gian

vh kliOirg cr'r rli'r clieu ki0lt theo cl6i rrhiirr vh

thrrdng xtiy0rr rrhrr tranr gi6i Vi thr? hai, clo han

clrd vt trirrh clO lroc vl\rt.

Thuc ra ci hai ydu t0 rriy, theo suy ltglri

nlang tinlr gii thrrydt cira chring tOi, cidu phrilr

firth rrr0t tlruc lai klr:ic sflu xa hcrli, cl<i li phu nir

cc)rr thi6t tlrbi 6 rn0t sd rndt tfong gia cf irrh vh xfl

lrOi lli0n iray, ry lQ plrrr rrlr cO di lhrrr vtr tlrarn

gia cric c0ng t6c xn hOi di ciong hon nhieu so vdi lrrr6c, vh trr tu&rrg birrh quydn lrarn n[? trong gia clirrh cting {rhti'trorrg if, irOi cli drrcyc kluing rlinh vh cli cao rr0t cdclr clrfrrh tlrr'ic.

-liry nlri€n, trorrg thuc te,

dudrrg nhu cdn

rrhidu ngudi, kd ci nanr gi(ri lf,n chfnlr nii gi<ii,

vIn quan ni0rn ring tr{ch nhi0nr "t€ gia, nOi {1s" vl chiln s(rc con crii chtr ytu vfrn thuOc v€

ngrrrli plru rrff Tt d6 df,n dtn ch6 lran ch€ khi

ning lheo d6i cdc phurrrrg tiOn truy€n thOng dai

clrdrrg cir phu nir so v6i rrarn gi6i.l,e tflt lnhi€rr,

nhlrlrg lrhen rlinh rrralrg tinir giA tlruy€t tr€u cllly cAn clrroc kidnr clrr?ng qrra nhihrg cu0c di6u tra

khdc sflrr r0ng lrolr.

Qrra rnot sd n6t pirArr tfch vd r?rrg xir .i,o rrgrrdi phu nti A TP IICM dOi udi vi€c ti€p cdn

vh theo d6i cdc phrrong ti€n truy0n tlr0ng clai clrrirrg, nirAt lI khi doi chieu vdi frng xu ctra narn gidi, chfrrrg ta c6 lhd nhAn thdy ing, trorrg

khtrOn khci phArr tich xf, hOi l.rocl,, bi\it sA' gii'i

tfnlr khOng cbn don thuAn l) mOt bi€rr sd nhAn klrdu hoc rrfia, rni thuc ra n6 plrllr r{nh nhlrrrg

vfln d0 liOrr quan tdi vi tri cira ngudi phu nir trong gia dinh vi trorrg x[ hOi I t: ,

rauEuuaM_Kuao:

l Mai Virr llai T'ap chf xf, hOi hoc No lll992 l,lw rrir n0ng thOn v6i viec lrrrirng thU virn hod qua ctic plrrrong ti0n tlr0rrg tin clai chring tr 50.

2 Nguydn Quang Vinh 199.5 Phu irii vdi su ddi mlyi cdc thi6t clr€ xf, hOi trong rnOt vilrrg nOng thOrr dang plrdt tridn 'frorrg: Gih dlrrlr vh clia vi ngrr<)i

plru nir lrong x[ lr0i Nxb KI.lXll, [], 199.5, U-.27]

- 238.

PoScn

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