MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING NONG LAM UNIVERSITY - HCMC 9/26/2017 Dr Quy Vinh Nguyen UNIT CONTENTS OPENNING SECTION EVALUTION FORM AND REFERENCES PART INTRODUCTION: CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLE PART II TECHNIQUES & METHODS PART III REGULATIONS & PROCESS OF ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT 9/26/2017 Dr: Quy Vinh Nguyen EVALUATION FORM Fully participating in the class lectures: (Conditions to final examination for the subject) Assignment (Group exercise) : 30% Final examination : 9/26/2017 Dr Quy Vinh Nguyen 70% COURSE INTRODUCTION The subject covers the following questions: purpose and aims of EIA; EIA administration and practice; concept of associated assessment processes; key elements of the EIA process; undertaking an EIA; role of public participation; stages that follow EIA; the costs and benefits of undertaking EIA; and understanding of the strengths and limitations of EIA 9/26/2017 Dr Quy Vinh Nguyen COURSE INTRODUCTION The aim of the course is to provide understanding of EIA and confidence with its application and limitations Broadly the objectives are for students to: • appreciate the purpose and role of EIA in the decision-making process; • understand the strengths of EIA in regard to environmental management; • understand the technical and social/political limitations of EIA; • know the administration and procedures that apply in the student’s jurisdiction; • understand the screening process; 9/26/2017 Dr Quy Vinh Nguyen COURSE INTRODUCTION • understand the scoping process and how it is applied; • know the options for estimating environmental and social impacts; • know the format of an EIA Report (Environmental Impact Statement, or Environmental Statement); • appreciate the factors that assist, and detract, from the usefulness of the EIA Report; • understand the purpose of developing follow-up procedures, and the options for designing these procedures 9/26/2017 Dr Quy Vinh Nguyen TEACHING MATERIALS Teaching materials given to the students include: Lectures of the Unit Coordinator and lecturer: - Unit outline and handbook - hard copy - Unit outline and handbook in Vietnamese language – elect file Scottish natural Heritage (2013)- th edition, A handbook on Environmental Impact Assessment: Guidance for Competent Authorities, Consultants and Others involved in the Environmental Impact Assessment Process in Scotland : elect file - Students need to focus on : Part B – Pages 28 – 32 and page 51 – 54 Part C – Page 71 – 100 Looijen, J.M 2004, Lecture Notes – Environmental Impact Assessment: Elect file - Students need to focus on : Pages – 32 and page 31 – 41 Pages 43 – 44 www.google.com - keywords: EIA, EIS, process, environmental assessment, etc 9/26/2017 Dr Quy Vinh Nguyen CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES 9/26/2017 Dr Quy Vinh Nguyen I CONCEPTS RELATED TO: ENVIRONMENT; RESOURECS; DEVELOPMENT; AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMET 1.1 CONCEPTS AND FUNCTIONS OF ENVIRONMENT ENVIRONMENT 1.1.1 What is environment? Albert Eistein defined: “The environment is everything that isn't me” Copyright © 2001 - 2017 BrainyQuote https://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/quotes/a/alberteins165189.html The definition, in the 2004 Macedonian Law on Environment, is as follows: "Environment shall mean the space with all living organisms and natural resources, i.e natural and man-made values, their interaction and the entire space in which people live and in which settlements, goods in general use, industrial and other facilities, including the media and the areas of the environment, are situated” Environment comprises the natural elements and man-made factors surrounding humans and affecting the life, development and existence of humans and living creatures and affecting manufacturing activities (Env Pro Law of Vietnam 2014) 9/26/2017 Dr Quy Vinh Nguyen 1.1.1 CONCEPTS OF ENVIRONMENT The environment is not what is around the human being, that concept is wrong, and has been modified to such point that placed man as the Centre of the environment when it is not The environment is the combination of all those present on the planet, the environment is a space of interaction, relationship and communication between agencies with or without life among those who develop constant changes brought about by external agents that disrupt and modify internal environment and agents that react to the exerted changes Environment is the environment formed by natural and artificial elements 9/26/2017 Dr Quy Vinh Nguyen 10 0.8 1.0 0.6 0.4 0.2 1.0 Environmental Quality 5.2.6.1 ENVIRONMENTAL EVALUATION SYSTEM (THE BATTELLE EES Oxygen concentration in water (mg/l) 10 Source: Dee et al, 1973 9/26/2017 Dr Quy Vinh Nguyen 154 5.2.6.2 RAPID ASSESSMENT ❶ BASES OF THE ASSESSMENT ☂ The quantities of emission released into the environment from industries or other activity depend, in general, on a number of parameters Thus, the emission E of pollutant j could be expressed in a mathematical form as follows: Ej = f (z) (1) Where, z is the parameter: - Source type - Unit of activity - Source size - Process or design particularities - Source age and technological sophistication - Source maintenance and operating practice - Type and quality of the raw materials used - etc 9/26/2017 Dr Quy Vinh Nguyen 155 ❶ BASES OF THE ASSESSMENT ☂ In order to define load of pollutant it need to identify the emission factor aj for pollutant j , through the following relation Ej (kg/yr) ej = Source activity, Units/yr ☂ From the above and equation (1), we obtain: ej = f ’(x.) Where: - Source type - Unit of activity - Source size - Process or design particularities - Source age and technological sophistication - Source maintenance and operating practice - Type and quality of the raw materials used - etc 9/26/2017 Dr Quy Vinh Nguyen 156 ❶ BASES OF THE ASSESSMENT To be able to perform relatively accurate load calculation and average concentration of pollutants for each industry without instrumentation surveying, analysis, the World Health Organization (WHO) has suggested using methods Rapid Assessment This method is quite favorable and used in many countries In Vietnam, this method has been introduced and widely applied in EIA studies The rapid assessment method is highly effective in determining the load quantity, pollution levels for industrial projects, urban traffic Based on the determination, the potential environmental impact of the source of pollution have been predicted and assessed By statistical data on load as well as components of emissions and discharge of many factories in industries around the world, professionals of WHO have developed the rapid assessment guidelines which have been used to define “ej kg of pollutants per product unit ", hereby it could be determining the amount of each agent of pollution " Ej “ emitted/discharged in each industry Table 5.11 and Table 5.12 below illustrate some of the load of pollutants in some manufacturing industries 9/26/2017 Dr Quy Vinh Nguyen 157 Table 5.1: Pollution load in waterwaste of some industries BOD5 TSS Industies ❶ Wine, beer Industry - Production of wine (tonnes of grapes) - Brewing: New / Old ❷ Tanning Industry ❸ Fertilizer Industry - Urea (Tan products) - Analysis of super phosphate (P2O5 Tan) - NPK (Tan products) Total P Others Kg/unit of product 5,4/11,0 1,6 10,5/18,8 0,3 3,9/7,3 57 635 104 0,24 10 1,25 0,4 12 0,4 484 605 726 3,4 72,9 172 11,7 18,2 48,6 ❺ Textile industry - Cotton Textile dyeing (t of cotton) - Fabric textile of synthetic fibers (fiber ton) 50/14 42 60/54 30 25/12 35 Dr Quy Vinh Nguyen 1,2 28,3 34,3 57,8, phenol 0,11, Sulphua 3,35 0,65 ❹ Oil refinery industry - Oil Filter - topping (1000m3 crude oil) - Oil refinery cracking (1000m3 crude oil) - Petrochemical (1000m3 crude oil) 9/26/2017 Total N Flo 17,5 Flo 0,06 8,3, phenol 0,034 Sulphua 0,054,Cr 0,007 …… …… 158 ❶ BASES OF THE ASSESSMENT Table 5.12: Pollution load in air pollution in some industries Activities/Industries Units (U) Dust (kg/U) Burning straw in the field 1000m2 5,0 Charcoal production Ton 133 H2SO4 Production Ton HNO3 Production Ton URE fertilizer production Ton 0,0105 Production of pig iron - Treated - Untreated Ton Ton 6,9 1,6/0,3 0,65 0,35/0,65 1000 km 1000 km 0,07 0,05 2,13S 1,35 S Trucks > 2000cc - In city - In suburbs SO2 (kg/U) NOx(kg/U) 12 CO (kg/U) VOC (kg/U) 26,0 9,0 172 157 7(100-e)* Others (kg/U) SO3: 0,29 22,0 NH3:9,12 73 73/73 2,57 2,84 23,40 13,54 Pb: 0,32 0,17/0,01 2,84 1,37 Pb:0,11P Pb:0,09P Note: e is the conversion coefficient of SO2 into SO3 9/26/2017 Dr Quy Vinh Nguyen 159 DOMESTIC WASTEWATER Parameters Pollution load (person per day) Total of pollution load per day Concentration Mg/L Standard 14:2008 value C – Collum B BOD 45-54 1575- 1890 562,5-675 50 COD 72-102 2520-3570 900-1275 - SS 70-145 2450-5070 875-1812,5 100 Lubricant 10-30 350-1050 125-375 20 ∑N - 12 210-420 75-150 50 Amonia 2,4 – 4,8 84-168 30-60 10 ∑P 0,8 – 4,0 28-140 10-50 10 Notes: * Calculation for 35 persons 9/26/2017 Dr Quy Vinh Nguyen 160 CALCULATION OF SO2 EMISSIONS FROM FUEL USE The following fomula could be used in calcualtion the SO2 amount emitted from fuel consumption: SO2 = SxFx2 Where: SO2 = Sulfur dioxide emitted from fuel consumption (Ton) S = Sulfur content in the fuel (% of weight) F = Amount of fuel consumption (Ton) 9/26/2017 Dr Quy Vinh Nguyen 161 TÍNH CHIỀU CAO ƠNG KHĨI Chiều cao ống khói xác định theo cơng thức Andreyev sau: H = 1,9*Vk*D/Vg Trong đó: H – Chiều cao ống khói (m) Vk – Vận tốc khói miệng ống khói (Ví dụ, lấy = 49m/s) Vg – Vận tố gio (Ví dụ, lấy = 2,4m/s) D - Đương kính ống khói (Ví dụ, lấy = 0,3 m) Thay số liệu vào công thức có: H = 12m 9/26/2017 Dr Quy Vinh Nguyen 162 CALCULATION HEIGHT OF CHIMNEY Chimney height is determined by Andreyev formula, as follows: H = 1.9 * Vk * D/Vg Where: H - Height of the chimney (m) Vk - The exhaust velocity in the chimney opening (for example, taking = 49 m/s) Vg – Wind velocity (for example, taking = 2.4 m/s) D - Diameter of the chimney (for example, taking = 0.3 m) Put the data into the above formula, the result will be: H = 12 m 9/26/2017 Dr Quy Vinh Nguyen 163 NOISE LEVEL ASSESSMENT The following formula [Mackermine (1985)] could be used in calculating the noise level of devices operated Lp (X2) = Lp (X1) + 20 log (X1/X2) Where: Lp (X2) - The level of noise in the position to be calculated (dBA) Lp (X1) - The noise from the noise source 1m (dBA) X1 - The distance from the noise source = 1m X2 - The distance to be calculated Example: Lp (5m) = 108 + trucks of 20 log (1/5) = 94 dBA Lp (25m) of excavators = 118 + 20 log (1/25) = 90 dBA 9/26/2017 Dr Quy Vinh Nguyen 164 NOISE LEVEL ASSESSMENT No Devices Noise level by 01 m (dBA) Noise level by m* Noise level by 25 m* Truck 108 94 80 Concrete mixers 98 84 70 Excavator 118 104 90 Saw machine 105 91 77 Bulldozers 116 102 88 9/26/2017 Dr Quy Vinh Nguyen 165 Examples of some past examination papers in University of New England For students enrolled in units EM (EM 312/512) 9/26/2017 Dr Quy Vinh Nguyen 166 9/26/2017 Dr Quy Vinh Nguyen 167 9/26/2017 Dr Quy Vinh Nguyen 168 ... elements of the EIA process; undertaking an EIA; role of public participation; stages that follow EIA; the costs and benefits of undertaking EIA; and understanding of the strengths and limitations of. .. 9/26/2017 Dr Quy Vinh Nguyen 15 1.2.1 CONCEPTS OF NATURAL RESOURCES Figure 9/26/2017 : Some of great things that we get from some natural resources Dr Quy Vinh Nguyen 16 1.2.2 CLASSIFICATION OF NATURAL... understanding of the strengths and limitations of EIA 9/26/2017 Dr Quy Vinh Nguyen COURSE INTRODUCTION The aim of the course is to provide understanding of EIA and confidence with its application and