Đồ Án của Nguyễn Xuân Chính (học khoa Ngoại Ngữ chuyên ngành Anh Văn Biên Phiên Dịch tại trường Đại học Duy Tân) (chỉ mang tính tham khảo). Đồ án chắc chắn còn vài chỗ khuyết điểm mong các bạn xem với tính chất tham khảo thôi nhé
Graduation Paper Supervisor: Ms Dang Tran Hoai Duong ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS In the completion of this graduation paper, I would like to express my special thanks to my supervisor – Mrs Dang Tran Hoai Duong, the teachers of the Department of Foreign Languages, my parents, and my friends Firstly, I would like to extend many thanks to my supervisor – Mrs Dang Tran Hoai Duong - who gave me useful comments, invaluable advices, and good suggestions for my graduation paper Secondly, I would like to sincerely thank the leadership and the teachers of the Department of Foreign Languages for providing useful knowledge sources and directing me during my four academic years Finally, I am indebted to my family members and my friends who were always beside me and supported me during my research completion Thank you Da Nang, December 2018 Nguyen Xuan Chinh Graduation Paper Supervisor: Ms Dang Tran Hoai Duong STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP Except where reference is made in the text of the thesis, this thesis contains no material published elsewhere or extracted in the whole or part from a thesis by which have qualified for or been awarded another degree or diploma No other person work has been used without due acknowledgement in the thesis This thesis has not been submitted for award of any degree or diploma in any other tertiary institution Da Nang, December 2018 Nguyen Xuan Chinh Graduation Paper Supervisor: Ms Dang Tran Hoai Duong ABSTRACTION This graduation paper is about the Vietnamese translation of a book “POVERTY AND HOMELESSNESS” written by Bassam Imam This book was originally published in 2012 by Bassam himself Because of the limited time, I decide to select the chapter one of the book to translate The graduatetion paper includes the theoretical background, the original version, the suggested translation, and the analysis of vocabulary and structures for the translation process Furthermore, the paper also including my difficulties and solutions in the translation Da Nang, 2018 Nguyen Xuan Chinh Graduation Paper Supervisor: Ms Dang Tran Hoai Duong TABLE OF CONTENTS Graduation Paper Supervisor: Ms Dang Tran Hoai Duong PART A : INTRODUCTION Rationale In ancient Greece, there were a lot of people who lived in poverty and their life’s were horrible There was approximately 30% of the people were known as just slaves, which means that there were probably a bigger number of people who lived in poverty I am attracted to the story so I chose the Chapter one of the book “Poverty and Homelessness” to translate Aims and Objectices 2.1 Aims This graduation paper has reflected my own ability in the past four years During those years, I received valuable support, help, encouragement of my supervisor, my teachers and friends at Duy Tan University It helps the translator with an overview of the translation process as analytical skills and translation skills Thence, it helps me avoid many faults in my translation process My graduation paper aims at: - Understanding the idea of author to express the content to the reader - Analyzing the complicated and main points 2.2 Objectives In order to support the major aims some following objectives are posed for the study: To review the theory of translation To give some difficulties and solutions To analyze vocabulary and structure in the book Scope of the study Graduation Paper Supervisor: Ms Dang Tran Hoai Duong This study focuses on translating and analyzing of the suggested version and some difficult vocabularies and structures of the chapter "Measuring Outcomes Related to Mental Health and Well-being" in “Promoting Public Mental Health and Well-Being” as well as giving some essential solutions to solve these problems 3.1 The text features Chapter of the book “Poverty and Homelessness” is chosen to translate and analyze This chapter discusses the situation of people in Egypt in that year 3.2 The text length The first chapter of the book “Poverty and Homelessness” is picked The translation paper has 6,697 words with 49 pages 3.3 The text source The chapter is from the Poverty and Homelessness written by Bassam Imam and published in 2016 3.4 The Text Organization This paper includes three parts: PART A: Introduction PART B: Development Chapter 1: The theorical background of translation Chapter 2: A translated version to the original one Chapter 3: An analysis of the translation PART C: Difficulties and Solutions Graduation Paper Supervisor: Ms Dang Tran Hoai Duong PART B: DEVELOPMENT CHAPTER I THEORETICAL BACKGROUND Translation theory 1.1 Concepts of translation There are so many concepts of translation, which are developed by lots of famous linguistic of translation Translation is the replacement of textual material in one language (source language) by equivalent textual material in another language (target language) (Catford – 1965) Translation is the process of finding a target language (TL) equivalent from a source language (SL) utterance (Pinhhuck – 1977:38) Translation is the process of changing something that is written or spoken into another language (Advanced Oxford Dictionary) Translation is the act of transferring through which the content of a text is transferred from the SL into the TL (Foster - 1958:1) Translation is a craft consisting in the attempt to replace a written message and/or statements in one language by the same message and/or statement in another language (Newmark, 1981:7) Translation is to be understood as the process whereby a message expressed in a specific source language is linguistically transformed in order to be understood by readers of the “target language” (Houbert - 1998:1) Translation is an act of communication which attempts to relay, across cultural and linguistic boundaries, another act of communication (Hatim and Mason - 1997:1) Graduation Paper Supervisor: Ms Dang Tran Hoai Duong These concepts support the idea that translation is a complex process which requires also theoretical knowledge as well as practical experiences 1.2 Methods of translation 1.2.1 Word-for-word translation This is often demonstrated as interlinear translation, with the TL immediately below the SL words The SL word-order is preserved and the word translated singly by their most common meanings, out of context Culture words are translated literally The main use of word-for-word translation is either to understand the meaning of the SL or to construct a difficult text as a pre-translation process For example: Source text: Decisions to commence or terminate commercial development or marketing of any product, as defined in the share-holders Agreement Target text: Quyết định - để - bắt đầu - hay - chấm dứt - thương mại - phát triển - hay - tiếp thị - - - sản phẩm - - - xác định - - cổ đông - hợp đồng 1.2.2 Literal translation The SL grammatical construction is converted to the nearest TL equivalents but the lexical words are again translated singly, out of context For example: Source text: The then government was still young and weak Target text: Chính phủ lúc trẻ yếu 1.2.3 Faithful translation A faithful translation is used when translators want to reproduce the precise contextual meaning of the SL within the restriction of the TL grammatical structures It converts cultural words but reserves the degree of grammatical and Graduation Paper Supervisor: Ms Dang Tran Hoai Duong lexical “abnormality” in the translation It attempts to be completely faithful to the intentions and text-realization of the SL writer For example: Source text: We could see the Mekong river winding its way through the plains below Target text: Chúng tơi nhìn thấy sơng Mekong uốn khúc qua cảnh đồng bên 1.2.4 Semantic translation Semantic translation differs from faithful translation only in as far as it must take more account of the aesthetic value of the SL text, compromising on “meaning” where appropriate so that no assonance, word-play or repetition jars in finished version For example: Source text: We hope you will enjoy your staying with us Target text: Chúng hy vọng ngài có kỳ nghỉ tuyệt vời khách sạn 1.2.5 Adaptation translation This seems to be the freest form of translation It is used mainly for plays and poetry in which the themes, characters and plots are usually preserved, the SL culture converted to the TL culture and text rewritten by an established dramatist or poet has produced many poor adaptations but other adaptation has “rescued” period plays For example: Source text: Thà phút huy hoàng tắt Còn buồn le lói suốt trăm năm (Xuân Diệu) Target text: It would rather the victorious brightness Graduation Paper 10 Supervisor: Ms Dang Tran Hoai Duong In an only moment the centenary twinkle 1.2.6 Free translation This reproduces the matter without the manner, or the content without the form of the original Usually it is a paraphrase much longer than the original, a socalled “intralingua translation”, often prolix and pretentious and not translation at all For example: Source text: To reduce fertility rate the present 3.7 children per woman to replacement level of Target text: Tỉ lệ sinh phụ nữ giảm từ 3,7 xuống trẻ 1.2.7 Idiomatic translation Idiomatic translation reproduces the “message” of the original but tends to distort nuances of meaning by preferring colloquialisms and the idiom where these not exists in the original For example: Source text: When in Rome, as the Rome Target text: Nhập gia tùy tục 1.2.8 Communicative translation Communicative translation attempts to reader the exact contextual meaning of the original in such a way that both content and language are readily acceptable and comprehensible to the readership For example: Source text: He was denied the door Target text: Anh đến khơng chào đón 1.3 Principles of translation 1.3.1 Meaning Graduation Paper 60 Supervisor: Ms Dang Tran Hoai Duong obliterated, occupied, and posed no bố hòa bình, Axis Powers bị xóa threat to the, Allied Powers sạch, chiếm đóng khơng đe dọa The full spectrum of these đến phe Đồng minh Toàn tội ác xảy atrocities occurred between 1945 khoảng thời gian từ năm and 1950 The vast majority of 1945 đến năm 1950 Đại đa số transferees were women, the elderly, người chuyển phụ nữ, and children under 16 years of age người già trẻ em 16 tuổi The forced deportations occurred in Các trục xuất bắt buộc xảy Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Tiệp Khắc, Hungary, Romania, Yugoslavia, and what today are, Nam Tư, ngày nay, gọi là, known as, the western regions of khu vực phía tây Ba Lan Poland The Những người bị trục xuất, bị đổ dumped within deportees of đống đổ nát Đồng minh Alliedoccupied Germany to fend for Đức để tự bảo vệ theo themselves in whatever rudimentary cách thô lỗ họ Hàng way of trăm ngàn người chết đói, bệnh starvation, tật, yếu tố, kiệt sức, đánh đập they thousands the were, could died ruins Hundreds of diseases, the elements, exhaustion, hành beatings, and executions Tens of thousands died while serving terms as slave labourers in horrible conditions; the Allies viewed this service as ‘Reparations in Kind’) The area included an extensive network of camps, a good number of which, like Auschwitz (Southern Poland) and Theresienstadt Chekya (At the time Hàng chục ngàn người chết phục vụ điều khoản người lao động nô lệ điều kiện kinh khủng; Đồng Minh xem dịch vụ ‘Những sửa đổi Loại’) Khu vực bao gồm mạng lưới Graduation Paper known as 61 Supervisor: Ms Dang Tran Hoai Duong Czechoslovakia) had trại rộng lớn, số lượng tốt, previously been used as German Auschwitz (Nam Ba Lan) concentration camps, were put to Theresienstadt Chekya (Vào thời use for years after the war It was gian gọi Tiệp Khắc) trước quite apparent that the horrors of the sử dụng làm trại tập Nazi concentration camps were still trung Đức, đưa vào sử being, used but not as ferociously as dụng nhiều năm sau chiến the Nazis had used them, the tranh Rõ ràng nỗi kinh GULAGs however of the Soviet hoàng trại tập trung Đức Union were comparable to the Quốc xã sử dụng German camps không Đức Amusingly during this period, of quốc xã sử dụng chúng, time Captured Nazi leaders were put nhiên GULAGs Liên Xơ on, trial by the Allies in Nuremburg so sánh với trại tập trung (Nuremburg crimes Đức Ngạc nhiên thời gian against humanity Some of the này, thời gian bắt giữ nhà lãnh offenses included deportations and đạo Nazi đưa vào, thử other brutal acts against any civilian nghiệm đồng minh population Nuremburg concentration Trials) for (Nuremburg thử nghiệm) cho tội ác chống lại nhân loại Một số tội phạm bao gồm trục xuất hành vi tàn bạo khác These postwar atrocities are chống lại dân thường Những tội ác sau chiến tranh by all honest, objective accounts tất tội danh trung crimes against humanity The sheer thực, tài khoản khách quan scope of the deportations and other chống lại nhân loại Phạm vi tuyệt crimes should have been, deeply đối trục xuất tội phạm indoctrinated into the history annals; khác nên được, truyền bá sâu Graduation Paper 62 Supervisor: Ms Dang Tran Hoai Duong unfortunately, outside of Germany, vào biên niên sử lịch sử; Thật the is không may, bên nước Đức, overwhelmingly, not known It is thật vấn đề áp đảo, the ethnic khơng biết đến Đây ví dụ cleansing in the known history of lớn làm dân tộc the world, and just another shameful lịch sử biết đến giới, chapter in the history of humanity chương đáng xấu hổ truth of largest this example matter of khác lịch sử nhân loại According to Alazar Barkan, Professor and Quốc tế Công cộng Đại học Columbia Columbia, "Hôm khơng có luật University, "Today there is no single luật pháp quốc tế rõ code of international law that ràng loại trừ việc chuyển giao dân explicitly số mặt bảo vệ quyền lợi Public of Affairs International Theo Alazar Barkan, Giáo sư at outlaws population transfers either in terms of group or nhóm cá nhân individual rights protections." CHAPTER 3: AN ANALYSIS OF THE SUGGESTED VERSION Vocabulary is one of substantial parts in any text In general, the meaning of one word can be found in the dictionary easily However, if there is no selection of meaning, it is very difficult to understand the converted sentences accurately During translating proceess, I have been catching a lot of words that are unsuitable for the context in the target language (i.e Vietnamese) or have multi-level meanings Furthermore, some words seem to be easy to understand at first, but at a closer look I can not translate them exactly Therefore, I think that vocabulary is a large challenge for a translator Following are some examples about difficult words and phrases that I studied and analyzed carefully 3.1 Words translation: Graduation Paper 63 Supervisor: Ms Dang Tran Hoai Duong Example 1: His ripped garment will not be mended; what he has lost will not be sought for! Based on the Cambridge Dictionary, I found the meaning of this word is: (1) to repair something that is broken or damaged And in VDict Dictionary, the meaning of this word is: Vá lại Sửa lại Cải thiện So, I decided to translate “mended” in the sentence into “chắp vá” Quần áo bị xé toạc khơng chắp vá; khơng tìm kiếm nữa! Example 2: Shockingly, during the famine, Ireland maintained its status as the biggest exporter of wheat and oats to England Based on the Cambridge Dictionary, I found the meaning of this word is: (1) a situation in which there is not enough food for a great number of people, causing illness and death, or a particular period when this happens And according to VDict Dictionary, this word means: Nạn đói Sự khan I decided to translate famine into nạn đói Đáng kinh ngạc, nạn đói, Ireland trì vị trí nước xuất lúa mì yến mạch lớn sang Anh Graduation Paper 64 Supervisor: Ms Dang Tran Hoai Duong Example 3: There were not enough workhouses, nor space therein to cater to the large number of desperate people Based on the Cambridge Dictionary, I found the meaning of this word is: (1) a building where very poor people in Britain used to work, in the past, in exchange for food and shelter And according to VDict Dictionary, the meaning of this word is: Trại cải tạo Trại làm việc So, I decided to translate workhouses to trại làm việc Khơng có đủ trại làm việc, không gian để phục vụ cho số lượng lớn người tuyệt vọng 3.2 Grammars and structures Sentence with passive voice: Example 1: The Irish Catholics were treated as subordinate colonial subjects As I learnt, the structure of the passive voice sentence is: Subject + finite form of to be + Past Participle So, in this sentence, it is clear that were treated is the passive voice form in the sentence, it help us understand that The Irish Catholics đối xử (were treated) as subordinate colonial subjects My suggested translation: Người Công giáo Ailen đối xử chủ thể thuộc địa cấp Example 2: The area was ruled by an aristocracy that played a major role in politics As I know, the structure of the passive voice sentence is: Subject + finite form of to be + Past Participle So, in this sentence, it is clear that were Graduation Paper 65 Supervisor: Ms Dang Tran Hoai Duong treated is the passive voice form in the sentence, it help us understand that the area thống trị (was ruled) by an aristocracy that played a major role in politics My suggested translation: Khu vực cai trị tầng lớp quý tộc đóng vai trò quan trọng trị Example 3: Some of the work were done by common people included cultivation, mining, manufacturing, fishing, and the construction of the pyramids, monuments, and homes, and other work As I know, the structure of the passive voice sentence is: Subject + finite form of to be + Past Participle So, in this sentence, it is clear that were treated is the passive voice form in the sentence, it help us understand that Some of the work hoàn thiện (were done) by common people included cultivation, mining, manufacturing, fishing, and the construction of the pyramids, monuments, and homes, and other work My suggested translation: Một số công việc thực người lao động phổ thông bao gồm trồng trọt, khai thác mỏ, sản xuất, câu cá, xây dựng kim tự tháp, di tích, nhà cửa, cơng việc khác Untranslatable words and phrases: Example 1: • Scores upon scores of Americans found themselves on the streets, searching and using whatever makeshift shelters they could find or make (P58) The phrase “Score upon scores” can be translated to Vietnamese is “Dòng dòng” Graduation Paper 66 Supervisor: Ms Dang Tran Hoai Duong Dòng dòng người Mỹ tìm thấy thân họ phố, tìm kiếm sử dụng nơi trú ẩn tạm thời họ tìm kiếm Example 2: Whoever has walked with truth generates life The translated version can be: Bất kì trải qua thật nghiệt ngã hiểu ý nghĩa đời Example 3: • Abdul-Magd believes that the size and layout of a house is a good indicator of the owner's wealth in a society that did not use hard currency The phrase: “hard currency” in this sentence can be translated to Vietnamese version is: “đồng tiền chung” So this is the translated version: Abdul-Magd tin kích thước cách bố trí ngơi nhà dấu hiệu tốt giàu có chủ sở hữu xã hội không sử dụng đồng tiền chung • Example 4: There was no street lighting, nowhere to throw your excrement and nopolice force In this sentence, this phrase can be understood is :”xả rác”, so this is my translated version of the whole sentence: Ở khơng có ánh sáng đường phố, khơng nơi để xả rác khơng có lực lượng cảnh sát Idiom • But some of the able-bodied learned to play the system very well, went into and came out of shelters repeatedly Graduation Paper 67 Supervisor: Ms Dang Tran Hoai Duong The word “play the system”can be translated to: thích nghi So this is my suggested version: Nhưng số người học để thích nghi tốt, vào khỏi nơi trú ẩn nhiều lần Passive voice: Example 1: The Irish Catholics were treated as subordinate colonial subjects “Were treated” is the passive clauses, so the sentence can be translated to: => Người Công giáo Ailen bị đối xử chủ thể thuộc địa cấp Example 2: The area was ruled by an aristocracy that played a major role in politics “Was ruled” is the passive clauses, so the sentence can be translated to: Khu vực cai trị tầng lớp q tộc đóng vai trò quan trọng trị Graduation Paper 68 Supervisor: Ms Dang Tran Hoai Duong CHAPTER 4: DIFFICULTIES AND SOLUTIONS DIFFICULTIES I have learned many things through doing this paper because it is a precious chance for me I have realized that everything is not easy for a student in the real because what I have equipped learned at school is only a small part In reality, before translating have applied myself with knowledge about health, especially social science knowledge and I used them into my translation, but have faced lots of difficulties during the translation process Firstly, it is not simple for me to put all knowledge about translation theory teachers taught me in the past four years into practice The second difficulty is vocabulary In my research, I have met lots of difficult words or phrases relating to social science, especially women health It brings me lots of challenges on giving exact meanings Sometimes, I can find out all meanings of the word in dictionaries, but when putting it into the whole sentence, it is unsuitable or even creates an entirely different meaning Especially in phrases, I can know the meaning of each word in a phrase, but I cannot change that phrase into similar meaning in Vietnamese It takes me much time to research to find their meanings Of course, all things will be challenges for a person who is not a profesional translator Thirdly, that is sentence structures When doing grammar or syntax exercises, many structures are even complex, but still seem to be simple In reality, Graduation Paper 69 Supervisor: Ms Dang Tran Hoai Duong when starting to translate, several structures make me confused They take me for days to find out the most appropriate meaning to the context And the last difficulty is how to make my translation become smoother and more natural Differences in cultures between two languges are vast, and students usually cling to each word in original version to transfer; it, of course, requires more practice to improve this skill All things are barriers which make trasfering author's ideas from source language into target language become difficult SOLUTIONS Challenges always bring us many chances So the difficulties I have mentioned above are my chances In my opinion, learning how to solve them is one of ways from that I take out helpful experience as a luggage for me to become a good translator The followings are some of my solutions: Before doing translation, I read the original text again and again to catch on author's ideas Next I search for information or documents about similar fields that I'm going to translate I find documents or articles relating to the topic By reading, my knowledge is as well as broadened dramatically That is an important factor helping me deal with sectorial terms quickly and effectively In vocabulary term, again, reading is also an ideal way to improve our source of vocabulary The second skill I need to have is looking up meaning in dictionaries A word in source language may be defined with many equivalent meanings in dictionaries I consider all meanings many times to pick out the best choice suiting Vietnamese style Based on the context of the text to determine equivalent meaning is a valuable tip And if you cannot make any decision, don't forget to ask your friend or those you believe This is because sometimes we easily make a lucid decision at the first time The more we think about, the more complex the problem is In some cases, I have to use all these tips as my assistances to release an acceptable suggestion Graduation Paper 70 Supervisor: Ms Dang Tran Hoai Duong In term of structures, from relative clauses, reduced relative clauses, passive voice forms to complicated structures with many subordinate clauses, any type of these structures requires me have sound grammar knowledge to understand So grammar and syntax is the first thing to help me understand clearly the structure of each sentence Besides, principles in translation need to be used effectively In brief, how difficult the text is, I remain patient It is said that "there is a will there is a way", or rather an old English proverb I believe that if I have the determination to something, I can always find the path or method to it Or if find there is a chance in a million that I can something, anything, to keep what I want from ending, I will it With what I have been taught at school, help of supervisors and friends, as well as my best effort, I this translation as well as possible Graduation Paper 71 Supervisor: Ms Dang Tran Hoai Duong PART C: CONCLUSION I have taken out lots of valuable and useful experience after finishing my graduation paper Otherwise, I also understood partly about American Social Science During the time I did my research, a of difficult words or phrases as well as complex structures were the big barriers for me I could not convey all of them into Vietnamese equivalent exactly As a student, because of limited time and professional qualification, certainly mistakes would be here and there in my graduation paper I hope to receive all objective comments and sympathy from all teachers and my supervisor Once again, I would like to take this opportunity to express my sincere thanks to my supervisor Ms Dang Tran Hoai Duong as well as all my friends for their enthusiastic supports, suggestions ,and encouragement while I did this graduation paper At last, I wish all of you good health and success Thank you so much! Graduation Paper 72 Supervisor: Ms Dang Tran Hoai Duong REFERENCES BOOK: Poverty and Homelessness by Bassam Imam DICTIONARIES: Vdict Dictionary Cambridge Online Dictionary WEBSITES https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com http://www.vdict.com Graduation Paper 73 Supervisor: Ms Dang Tran Hoai Duong SUPERVISOR’S COMMENT Graduation Paper 74 Supervisor: Ms Dang Tran Hoai Duong COUNCIL REVIEWER’S COMMENT ... education Land and large để nhận giáo dục estates in Ireland were 'owned' and quy Đất đai bất động controlled by the English and Anglo- sản lớn Ireland 'sở hữu' Irish-Protestant Landlords Many of... teachers and friends at Duy Tan University It helps the translator with an overview of the translation process as analytical skills and translation skills Thence, it helps me avoid many faults... difficulties and solutions in the translation Da Nang, 2018 Nguyen Xuan Chinh Graduation Paper Supervisor: Ms Dang Tran Hoai Duong TABLE OF CONTENTS Graduation Paper Supervisor: Ms Dang Tran Hoai