Lucrezia marinella enrico or, byzantium conquered a heroic poem the other voice in early modern europe 2009

ENRICO; OR, BYZANTIUM CONQUERED THE OTHER VOICE IN E A R LY M O D E R N EUROPE A Series Edited by Margaret L King and Albert Rabil Jr RECENT BOOKS IN THE SERIES LAURA BATTIFERRA DEGLI AMMANNATI CHIARA MATRAINI Laura Battiferra and Her Literary Circle: An Anthology Selected Poetry and Prose: A Bilingual Edition Edited and Translated by Victoria Kirkham Edited and Translated by Elaine Maclachan MADELEINE DE L’AUBESPINE MARGUERITE DE NAVARRE Selected Poems and Translations: A Bilingual Edition Selected Writings: A Bilingual Edition Edited and Translated by Anna Kłosowska MODERATA FONTE (MODESTA POZZO) Floridoro: A Chivalric Romance Edited with an Introduction by Valeria Finucci, Translated by Julia Kisacky, Annotated by Valeria Finucci and Julia Kisacky CATHERINA REGINA VON GRIEFFENBERG Meditations on the Incarnation, Passion, and Death of Jesus Christ Edited and Translated by Rouben Cholakian and Mary Skemp MADELEINE AND CATHERINE DES ROCHES From Mother and Daughter: Poems, Dialogues, and Letters of Les Dames des Roches Edited and Translated by Anne R Larsen ANA DE SAN BARTOLOMÉ Autobiography and Other Writings Edited and Translated by Darcy Donahue Edited and Translated by Lynne Tatlock MARGHERITA SARROCCHI MARÍA DE GUEVARA Warnings to the Kings and Advice on Restoring Spain: A Bilingual Edition Scanderbeide: The Heroic Deeds of George Scanderbeg, King of Epirus Edited and Translated by Rinaldina Russell Edited and Translated by Nieves Romero-Díaz MARÍA DE ZAYAS Y SOTOMAYOR HORTENSE MANCINI AND MARIE MANCINI Memoirs Edited and Translated by Sarah Nelson Exemplary Tales of Love and Tales of Disillusion Edited and Translated by Margaret R Greer and Elizabeth Rhodes Lucrezia Marinella ENRICO; OR, BYZANTIUM CONQUERED A Heroic Poem Edited and Translated by Maria Galli Stampino THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO PRESS Chicago & London Lucrezia Marinella, 1571– 1653 Maria Galli Stampino is associate professor of Italian and French at the University of Miami and author of Staging the Pastoral: Tasso’s Aminta and the Emergence of Modern Western Theater (2005) The University of Chicago Press, Chicago 60637 The University of Chicago Press, Ltd., London © 2009 by The University of Chicago All rights reserved Published 2009 Printed in the United States of America 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 09 ISBN-13: 978-0-226-50547-3 (cloth) ISBN-13: 978-0-226-50548-0 (paper) ISBN-10: 0-226-50547-2 (cloth) ISBN-10: 0-226-50548-0 (paper) Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Marinella, Lucrezia, 1571–1653 [Enrico English] Enrico, or, Byzantium conquered : a heroic poem / Lucrezia Marinella ; edited and translated by Maria Galli Stampino p cm — (Other voice in early modern Europe) title: Byzantium conquered Summary: Translation of “L’ Enrico overo Bisantio acquistato; poema heroico”, an ambitious and rewarding narrative poem by a prolific female Venetian writer who flourished in the early 17th Century, demonstrating her skill as an epic poet when she was already known for her polemical treatise “On the nobility and excellence of Women.” Includes bibliographical references and index ISBN-13: 978-0-226-50547-3 (cloth : alk paper) ISBN-13: 978-0-226-50548-0 (pbk : alk paper) ISBN-10: 0-226-50547-2 (cloth : alk paper) ISBN-10: 0-226-50548-0 (pbk : alk paper) Dandolo, Enrico, 1108–1205—Poetry I Stampino, Maria Galli II Title III Title: Byzantium conquered IV Series: Other voice in early modern Europe PQ4627.M84E5713 2009 851Ј.5—dc22 2009009431 o The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1992 CONTENTS Acknowledgments vii Series Editors’ Introduction ix A Singular Venetian Epic Poem Volume Editor’s Bibliography 67 Glossary of Principal Characters 71 Enrico; or, Byzantium Conquered: A Heroic Poem (Prose Translation) To the Readers 77 Canto and Summaries of Cantos 2–3 79 Canto 101 Canto 123 Canto 147 Canto 165 From Canto 185 From Canto 193 Canto 10 209 From Canto 11, from Canto 12, and Summaries of Cantos 13–14 229 Canto 15 249 From Canto 16 269 From Canto 17 285 From Canto 18 and Summaries of Cantos 19–20 293 Canto 21 305 From Canto 22 and Summary of Canto 23 321 From Canto 24, from Canto 25, and Summary of Canto 26 337 Canto 27 353 Appendix Cantos and and Excerpts from Cantos 8, 12, 22, 24, and 27 in Italian 375 Series Editors’ Bibliography 437 Index 475 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I n 2001 I was selected as participant to an NEH-sponsored Summer Institute at the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, entitled “A Literature of Their Own? Women Writing—Venice, London, Paris, 1550–1700” and directed by Albert Rabil, Jr It was then that the seed for this work was planted: my interest in women writers was reinforced, and my passion for epic poetry rekindled Undoubtedly, neither the Institute nor this volume would exist without Al Rabil’s leadership, help, wise advice, keen insight, and understanding In 2001 he assembled a lively group of young scholars and an exceptional set of session leaders: Virginia Cox, Joan DeJean, Laura Gowing, Karen Newman, and Anne Jacobson Schutte Al and his wife Janet opened their home to our conversations, feasts, and film-watching experiences—hospitality above and beyond the call of duty In the years since, Al has offered me unstinting support both on a professional and human level This is an exceedingly rare combination, and one that I particularly wish to single out gratefully While at the Institute, I forged or deepened friendships that have helped my thinking and my writing in all subsequent work; in particular I would like to thank Julie Campbell, Melinda Gough, Julia Hairston, and Suzanne Magnanini Valeria Finucci, friend and mentor, brought the Institute to my attention, and thus she deserves special recognition Special thanks are also due to the anonymous reader for the University of Chicago Press She was generous with and concrete in her suggestions, and she spurred me to another, much-needed reading of the original text that clarified (to myself, at least) some thorny passages She also pointed out some weaknesses in the introduction that I hope I redressed Any mistakes and infelicities are, needless to say, mine Among the many colleagues at the University of Miami who have vii viii Acknowledgments helped with this project I want to thank especially Laura Giannetti and Guido Ruggiero My former chair and coconspirator in things Early Modern, Anne J Cruz, has supported me in many ways, above all inspiring me through her intellectual rigor, curiosity, and enthusiasm The challenges of translating into my nonnative language are daunting and deeply fascinating On a memorable trip to Eugene, Ore., Natalie Hester suggested Roget’s International Thesaurus as a trusted tool; I thank her for bringing it to my attention, as my English would have been much less rich and nuanced without it In May 2005 I had the good fortune of presenting a paper at the “Theatre without Borders” conference at Kadir Has University in Istanbul The hosts, Selhan and Cliff Enders, were kind and generous, and I thank them for making my stay enriching The university is situated on the Haliỗ, or Golden Horn, where the attacks by sea described in Enrico took place I cannot fully convey the emotion I felt upon seeing the sea walls, the remnants of the Theodosian Walls surrounding Istanbul, and the headstone for Enrico Dandolo’s tomb in Hagia Sophia I also want to thank Jane Tylus for being an untiring, curious, and adventurous companion in those jaunts through Istanbul Research assistants at the University of Miami who helped at various stages of this work—Peter Ganovsky, Jesús Miguelez, Annalisa Mosca, Beatrice Nanni, and Stephen Nobles—shared in my excitement and, more rarely, in my frustrations with the text My mother, Anna Giannone Galli Stampino, offered her philologist-like eagle eyes to vet the transcription of the Italian text during an extended stay in Miami, on the occasion of my son Lawrence Armando’s birth in 2004 This volume is dedicated to him, who “Qualis gemma micat, fulvom quae dividit aurum” (“shines like a gem set in yellow gold,” Aeneid 10.134) to his proud mamma Last, I want to thank most warmly Richard Audet for his perceptive reading of the typescript and thoughtful copyediting, and Randolph Petilos and Maia Rigas at the Press who saw this book through publication I gratefully acknowledge institutional support from the University of Miami, in the form of two General Research Support Awards (in 2004 and 2006), as well as the College of Arts and Sciences at the University of Miami, specifically Dean Michael R Halleran and Senior Associate Dean Daniel L Pals, who awarded funds to help defray publication costs I also benefited from a share of a National Endowment for the Humanities grant awarded to a collective project of which this edition and translation was a part, and I thank the NEH for its support Maria Galli Stampino THE OTHER VOICE IN E A R LY M O D E R N E U R O P E : INTRODUCTION TO THE SERIES Margaret L King and Albert Rabil Jr TH E OLD VOI CE A N D T H E OTH E R V O I C E I n western Europe and the United States, women are nearing equality in the professions, in business, and in politics Most enjoy access to education, reproductive rights, and autonomy in financial affairs Issues vital to women are on the public agenda: equal pay, child care, domestic abuse, breast cancer research, and curricular revision with an eye to the inclusion of women These recent achievements have their origins in things women (and some male supporters) said for the first time about six hundred years ago Theirs is the “other voice,” in contradistinction to the “first voice,” the voice of the educated men who created Western culture Coincident with a general reshaping of European culture in the period 1300–1700 (called the Renaissance or early modern period), questions of female equality and opportunity were raised that still resound and are still unresolved The other voice emerged against the backdrop of a three-thousandyear history of the derogation of women rooted in the civilizations related to Western culture: Hebrew, Greek, Roman, and Christian Negative attitudes toward women inherited from these traditions pervaded the intellectual, medical, legal, religious, and social systems that developed during the European Middle Ages The following pages describe the traditional, overwhelmingly male views of women’s nature inherited by early modern Europeans and the new tradition that the “other voice” called into being to begin to challenge reigning assumptions This review should serve as a framework for understanding the texts published in the series The Other Voice in Early Modern Europe Introductions specific to each text and author follow this essay in all the volumes of the series ix 464 Series Editors’ Bibliography Miller, Naomi J Changing the Subject: Mary Wroth and Figurations of Gender in Early Modern England Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky, 1996 Miller, Naomi J., and Gary Waller, eds Reading Mary Wroth: Representing Alternatives in Early Modern England Knoxville,University of Tennessee Press, 1991 Miller, Naomi J., and Naomi Yavneh Sibling Relations and Gender in the Early Modern World: Sisters, Brothers and Others Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2006 ——— Maternal Measures: Figuring Caregiving in the Early Modern Period Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2000 Monson, Craig A Disembodied Voices: Music and Culture in an Early Modern Italian Convent Berkeley: University of 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Constantinople See Byzantium Cox, Virginia, 2n, 12n, 48, 51, 57, 77n, 137n, 189n, 343n Crete, 12n, 3n Croce, Benedetto, Cropper, Elizabeth, 5n Crusades, 3, 82n, 96n Cyprus, 11, 179n Beeching, Jack, 113n Belloni, Antonio, 12n Benedetti, Laura, 4, 98n Benson, Pamela, 4n Bicheno, Hugh, 113n Boccaccio, Giovanni, Ameto, 109n Boiardo, Matteo Orlando innamorato, 2, 31n, 32, 49n, 225n Bonarelli, Guidubaldo, 29n Bradford, Ernle, 26n, 27n, 348n Bronzini, Cristofano, 1n Byzantium, 3, 15, 26–27, 180–81n, 233n, 288n, 335n Dandolo, Enrico, 26–27, 77 Dante, Divine Comedy, 22, 61n, 80 n, 94 n, 98 n, 123 n, 126n, 162n, 210n, 211n, 319n, 345n daughters, 33–34, 56–59 DeBellis, Daniela, 10n Del Negro, Piero, 13n Dionisotti, Carlo, 12n, 13n, 113n ducal palace of Venice, 27 Candia, 12n, 13n Castiglione, Baldassar, 340–41n Caterina de’ Medici, 7, 8n Catholic Church, 4, 7, 21, 22–23, 39, 16 2n, 270n, 275n Cavanagh, Sheila, 45n Chojnacki, Stanley, 36n Ciotti, G B., Eleonora de’ Medici, epic poetry, 2; by early modern women writers, 2; and empire, 10–11, 21, 60–61 Erizzo, Francesco, 77, 81n Euripides, Trojan Women, 83n excommunication, 19–20 Ferrazzi, Cecilia, 5n Finotti, Fabio, 340n Finucci, Valeria, 57–58n Florence, 19, 167n 475 476 Index Fogolari, Gino, 153n Fonte, Moderata (Modesta Pozzo), Floridoro, 2n, 3n, 51n, 59-60, 113n, 165n, 328n Fourth Crusade, 13n, 19–20, 25–27 Gentileschi, Artemisia, 5n Giraldi Cinzio, Giovambattista, 24n, 29n Godfrey, John, 13n, 20, 26n, 172n, 348n Gonzaga, Margherita, Guarini, Giovambattista, Il pastor fido, 93n Günsberg, Maggie, 51n Harness, Kelley, 9n Haskins, Susan, 5, 6, 10n, 12n Herodotus Histories, 86n, 92n Homer, 77 Iliad, 40, 86n, 256n, 294n, 298n Innocent III (pope), 20, 21, 82n The Heroic Deeds and Marvelous Life of the Seraphic Saint Catherine of Siena, 9; Holy Dove, 4, 7, 9; Holy Verses, 8; involvement in Venetian politics, 3, 4, 13, 23; life, 6; Life of Saint Justine, 8; Life of the Seraphic and Glorious Saint Francis, 7, 8, 9; Life of the Virgin Mary, The Love Sacrifice of the Virgin Saint Justine, 10; The Nobility and Excellence of Women, 1, 7, 9, 13; Victories of the Seraphic Saint Francis and Glorious Steps of Saint Clare, 10 Marinelli, Curzio (Lucrezia’s brother), Marinelli, Giovanni (Lucrezia’s father), 5, Mark (Venice’s patron saint), 4, 17, 80n, 276n, 277n Mary (Virgin and Jesus’s mother), 7, 12, 16, 21, 23, 79n, 277n mothers, 33–34, 40–44 Muir, Edward, 2n, 4n, 14n, 16, 17, 19n, 21n, 81n, 84n, 327n Niero, Antonio, 10n Jacobus de Voragine, 323n, 368n Kirkham, Victoria, 4n Kolsky, Stephen, 6n, 10 Kuehn, Thomas, 36n Lavocat, Franỗoise, 3n, 5n, 8n love poetry, 28–29, 50–51n, 52–53, 56, 64, 106n, 150n, 229n, 234n, 345n, 350n Madden, Thomas, 13n, 20n, 26n, 27n, 63n, 79n, 80n, 87n, 166n, 181n, 334n, 348n, 374n Magno, Celio, 12n Malmignani, Giulio, 3n Malpezzi-Price, Paola, 1n, 9, 10, 33, 34n, 40, 50, 55, 57n, 58n Maria Maddalena d’Austria, Marinella, Lucrezia: Cupid in Love and Driven Mad, 7; Empress of the Universe, 7; An Exhortation of Women and to Others, 9–10; Happy Arcadia, 8; Odyssey, 61–62, 90n, 123n, 225n, 312n, 323n, 324n, 355n Ovid, Heroides, 92n; Metamorphoses, 35, 40, 109n, 113n, 125n, 145n, 149n, 167n, 194n, 204n, 242n, 255n, 298n, 311n, 350n, 365n Panizza, Letizia, 1, 10n, 59n, 149n Passi, Giuseppe, 1, Pastore Stocchi, Manlio, 20 Paul V (Pope) 22 Phillips, Jonathan, 26n, 27, 89n, 172n, 348n Preto, Paolo, 3n, 11n, 12n Queller, Donald, 26n, 63n, 348n Quint, David, 21n, 51n Ravegnani, Giorgio, 13n, 17n Ricci, Giovanni, 21n Ristaino, Christine, 10, 34n, 40, 57n, 58n Index Russell, Rinaldina, 3, 24, 31n, 46n, 48n, 49, 80n, 89n, 185n Sarrocchi, Margherita, Scanderbeide, 2n, 3–4, 20, 23, 24–25, 31n, 32, 46n, 48, 49n, 51n, 53, 89n, 101n, 102n, 123n, 125n, 154n, 185n, 274n, 354n, 357n Scarano, Lucio, 6, 12n Schweizer, Bernard, 2n Stringa, Giovanni, 6n Tassi, Agostino, 5n Tasso, Torquato, Gerusalemme liberata, 3, 12, 15, 20, 21n, 23, 29n, 31n, 32, 48, 49n, 51, 53, 8n, 59, 60, 62, 79n, 82n, 96n, 101n, 115n, 151n, 187n, 260n, 274n, 319n, 339n, 340n, 343n; Torrismondo, 357n Trissino, Gian Giorgio, L’Italia liberata dai Goti, 24 Vacca, Girolamo, Venice, 11, 14, 15–17, 277n; mythical origin, 17–19, 21, 165n; as Republic, 2, 103n, 152–53n Verdizzotti, Giovan Maria, 3n Virgil, Aeneid, 20–21, 22, 39n, 49n, 52, 59, 85n, 91n, 94n, 101n, 115n, 151n, 185n, 204n, 210n, 243n, 255n, 316n wars against Moslems and the Ottoman Empire, 2–3, 11–12, 12–13, 81n widows, 38–39, 303n Wills, Gary, 14, 81n wives, 33–39, 120n, 239n women warriors, 30, 42–56, 339n, 340–41n, 373n Zatti, Sergio, 10, 11n, 12, 24 477 ... conquered : a heroic poem / Lucrezia Marinella ; edited and translated by Maria Galli Stampino p cm — (Other voice in early modern Europe) title: Byzantium conquered Summary: Translation of “L’ Enrico. .. the Italian noblewoman Isotta Nogarola had begun to attain a reputation as a humanist, she was accused of incest a telling instance of the association of learning in women with unchastity That... seeking an education faced an even more daunting obstacle: the assumption that women were by nature incapable of learning, that reasoning was a particularly masculine ability Just as they proclaimed