PART 4 2 points: + Guided cloze: 8 chỗ trống Bài đọc hiểu thì tốt nhất nên xem lại cái bài Read or Listen and Read trong SGK, vì chuyên viên SGD thường hay sử dụng các bài trong đó rồi c
Trang 1TUYỂN SINH ANH VĂN LỚP 10 NĂM HỌC 2009-2010
PART 1 (2,5 points):
+ Multiplechoice: 10 câu hỏi dưới hình thức trắc nghiệm (A,B,C,D) Choose the best answer for each question (Review: preposition, phrasal verbs, word and structure)
PART 2 (1 point):
+ Verb form and Tenses: 4 chỗ trống, các bạn sẽ điền đúng dạng động từ vào Lưu ý đây là dạng động từ
và thì nên tuyệt đối không được thêm bất cứ những giới từ gì vào chỗ trống (Review: present, present continuous, present perfect, past, future, language focus of each unit, passive )
PART 3 (1,5 points):
+ Word form: 6 chỗ trống (Review: noun, adjective, adverb, gerund )
PART 4 (2 points):
+ Guided cloze: 8 chỗ trống (Bài đọc hiểu thì tốt nhất nên xem lại cái bài Read or Listen and Read trong SGK, vì chuyên viên SGD thường hay sử dụng các bài trong đó rồi chế biến lại)
PART 5 (1 point):
+ True or False: 4 câu
PART 6 (2 points):
+ Sentence transformation: 4 câu (Viết lại câu mà không làm đổi nghĩa, thường là các cấu trúc đã học ở phần Language Forcus ở mỗi Unit và một số dạng khác, ví dụ như là so sánh hơn -> so sánh bằng, sử dụng phrasal verbs, adjective -> adverb )
Trang 2KỲ THI TUYỂN SINH VÀO LỚP 10 THPT
Mụn thi: TIẾNG ANH
Thời gian làm bài: 60 phỳt (khụng kờ̉ thời gian phát đờ̀)
I Chọn phơng án (A hoặc B, C, D) ứng với câu tốt nhất đợc tạo ra bằng những từ cho sẵn:
1 She showed me a photograph of her son, … is a policeman.
2 Mr Edward, … health hasn’t been good recently, has gone to into the hospital for some tests.
3 You’d rather wait till next week, …?
4 Don’t forget … home as soon as you arrive at your destination.
5 There is no parking here … 9 a.m and 6 p.m
6 I suggest … unused clothes for the poor.
7 … the sun was shining, it wasn’t very warm.
8 The people who … yesterday want to buy the house.
9 They ………… go to Nha Trang in summer
10. Don’t worry about me I can … myself.
II Chọn đáp án thích hợp điền vào chỗ trống.
Fire
The table tennis match was very enjoyable before someone lit a cigarette and ruined the evening After (51) … smoking, they let the cigarette fall on the wooden floor Unfortunately, they dropped it without putting it out but (52) … paid any attention to it Even the woman (53) … next to the man with the cigareet didn’t notice Soon, however, there was (54) … smoke Suddenly flames (55) …
up into the air, someone immediately ran out of the room (56) … the fire brigade Two or three men got some buckets of water (57) … the fire, but it was useless Everyone in the large hut (58) … very frightened The next moment people rushed towards the main doors Before the fire brigade arrived, the whle building was on the fire On (59) … the burning building, one of the firemen succeeded in (6)
… an old woman.
III Chọn đáp án cho câu viết lại có nghĩa không đổi với câu đã cho.
11 "Where are you from?" Nga said to Peter.
A Nga asked Peter where was he from B Nga said to Peter where he was from.
C Nga asked Peter where he was from D Nga asked Peter where he is from.
12 Hoa went to bed early because she was tired.
A Because Hoa went to bed early, she was tired B Hoa was tired, so she went to bed early.
C Hoa was tired, but she didn’t go to bed early D Hoa didn’t go to bed early although she was tired.
13 I stopped working for that company in 2005.
A I didn't work for that company in 2005 B I didn't work for that company since 2005
C I haven't worked for that company since 2005 D I haven't worked for that company in 2005.
14 Hurry up or you will miss the bus.
A You will miss the bus However, you don’t need to hurry.B You will miss the bus if you don’t hurry.
C You shouldn’t hurry because you will be late for the bus.D Although you hurry, you will miss the bus.
15 I have to do too many assignments after school.
A I wish I had to do many assignments after school.B I wish I don’t have to do too many assignments after school.
C I wish I didn’t have to do too many assignments after school.D I wish I had more assignments to do after school.
16 It is interesting to go swimming in the river.
A.To go swimming in the river is interesting B To going swimming in the river is very interesting.
B.Going swimming in the river is interesting D To go to swimming in the river is interesting
KỲ THI TUYỂN SINH VÀO LỚP 10 THPT
Mụn thi: TIẾNG ANH
Thời gian làm bài: 60 phỳt (khụng kờ̉ thời gian phát đờ̀)
Trang 3I Chọn đáp án đúng.
1 “…………” ~ “It’s about 3 kilometers.”
A How fast do you often drive? B How long does it take to get there?
C How often do you go there? D How far is it from here to the market?
2 Lan is studying abroad I … her since she left Viet Nam
A didn’t see B haven’t seen C don’t see D won’t see
3 English … all over the world
4 New York, … is one of the biggest cities in the USA, was founded in 1624 by the Dutch
5 “You left the gas on, ….?” ~ “I am sorry I forgot.”
6 “Why don’t we go to Nha Trang for our summer holidays?” ~ ………
A That’s a good idea B You are welcome C No, you can’t D Yes, you can.
7 Sam has a fine … of Vietnamese stamps
A volume B source C collection D hobby
8 John, … I have known for seven years, is one of my closest friends
9.She said that she …………learning English with you
10.She ………….me whether I liked classical music or not
A asks B asked C ask D asking
II Chọn từ thớch hợp để điền vào chỗ trống cho bài khoỏ sau.
Mardi Gras Festival
Hi My name is James, and I’m from Florida (11)… year, I went with my mom and dad to Mardi Gras (12) … New Orleans Mardi Gras is a really astonishing time of year! It doesn’t always (13) … at the same time It can start as early as February 3rd (14) … as late as March 9th There are (15) … all the time, when marching bands and huge floats move (16)
… through the streets
(17)… are celebrations all over town, but in my opinion, the best place (18) …them is in the French Quarter The French Quarter is quite small, so it can get pretty crowded The costumes are terrific and (19) … is the music The people (20) … are on the floats throw things to people in the streets–beads, coins, and toys for the children It’s the greatest free show on earth!
11 A Last B Next C This D The following
12 A above B on C for D in
13 A appear B celebrate C occur D last
14 A but B or C between D and
15 A meetings B lectures C speeches D parades
16 A slowly B slow C slower D slowness
17 A Those B These C They D There
18 A see B seen C to see D seeing
19 A neither B either C too D so
20 A who B whom C which D whose
Kè THI TUYỂN SINH VÀO LỚP 10 THPT (NĂM HỌC: 2008-2009)
MễN : TIẾNG ANH THỜI GIAN : 60 phỳt
I Choose A,B,C or D to complete the following sentences:
Cõu 1: They haven’t cleaned the streets this week
A The streets haven’t been cleaned this week B The streets has been cleaned this week
C The streets have been cleaned this week D The streets hasn’t been cleaned this week
Cõu 2 : They wish they………a new house
A will have B have C had D would have had
Trang 4Câu 3 : They have worked in that factory since 2001.
A They have started to work in that factory in 2001 B They started to work in that factory in 2001
C They have worked in that factory in 2001 D They worked in that factory since 2001
Câu 4 : Xác địng từ hoặc cụm từ có gạch dưới cần phải sửa để câu trở thành chính xác :
John used to studying hard when he was a child
A B C D
Câu 5 : Tom plays soccer very well,………… ?
A does he B doesn’t he C did he D didn’t he
Câu 6 : My car……… yesterday
A is repaired B has been repaired C was repaired D can be repaired
Câu 7 : She asked me where I……… that car
A will buy B bought C can buy D buy
C©u 8 : “How many stamps………sofar?” “Fifty-seven.”
A did you collect B do you collect C have you collected D will you collect
Câu 9 : It was such a boring film that she fell asleep
A The film was so boring that she fell asleep B The film was such boring that she fell asleep
C The film was so that she fell asleep D The film was so boring to she fell asleep
Câu 10 : Millions of Christmas cards………last month
A send B were sent C are sent D sent
Câu 11 : Tom………….his hair cut twice a month
A has B will have C get D have
Câu 12 : If you want to………your English, we can help you
A improving B improvement C improved D improve
Câu 13 : Please phone this number for more………
A informatively B informative C information D inform
Câu 14 : It’s a pity; I can’t play the piano
A I wish I couldn’t play the piano B I wish I could play the piano
C I wish I can play the piano D I wish I play the piano
Câu 15 : He can’t drive and……….his brother
A so can’t B neither can C so can D nor can’t
Câu 16: My sister is studying hard………… her exam
A at B to C in D for
Câu 17 He couldn’t go far because he was afraid of………
A flying B be flying C to fly D being flying
Câu 18 Tim……… go fishing with his father when he was young
A was used to B is used to C used to D has used to
Câu 19 : What……….at 8 pm last night ?
A was you doing B were you doing C have you been doing D are you doing
Câu 20 : I asked him if he……….help me
A can B was C will D could
II Chọn từ thích hợp để điền vào chỗ trống trong đoạn văn sau :
…… (36)….six o’clock yesterday evening, the River Thames burst its banks and flooded a wide area By nine o’clock the floods had reached the town of Dorchester The main street was soon…(37)….3 feet of water Fire engines arrived quickly to pump away the water, but heavy rain made their job very…(38)….Mrs Willow, a … (39)….nearly 80 years old, and living alone in her cottage, was trapped upstairs…(40)….three hours Finally, firemen were able to rescue her with ladders and a small…(41)… “My cat, Tibbles, stayed with me all the time,” said Mrs.Willow “She…(42)….me a lot She sat with me, so I didn’t feel afraid.” The rain has finally stopped, the river level is falling and the weather forecast is good, …(43)… the floods have done a great deal
of damage “Luckily, nobody was…(44)….or injured.” Chief Fire Office Hawkins…(45)….reporters, “but it will take a long time to clear up the mess.”
Câu 36 : A.in B until C to D at
Câu37 : A under B over C through D between
Trang 5Câu 38 : A easy B clean C quick D difficult
Câu 39 : A girl B child C man D lady
Câu 40 : A for B during C while D through
Câu 41 : A ship B car C boat D bicycle
Câu 42 : A worried B bored C frightened D helped
Câu 43 : A also B but C therefore D so
Câu 44 : A burnt B cut C drowned D scratched
Câu 45 : A said B spoke C asked D told
III.Rewite these sentences with the words givven :
2.“Why don’t you use a dictionary while learning English ?” Mrs Quyen told Lan
Mrs Quyen suggested ……… 3.Mr Hung can’t buy that house because it is very expensive
If ……… 4.It rained heavily so the boys couldn’t continued to play the game
Because ……… 5.The doctor tried his best but he couldn’t save the man
Even though ……… 6.What a pity ! I can’t do this exercise
I wish ……… 7.We did the test in two hours ( Rewrite the sentence using : It - (take) SO time to do something )
………
8.The test was very difficult We couldn’t finish it ( Use S + (V) + too + adj / adv + for SO to do something )
………
9.They have just built a new hospital in our neighborhood ( Change into Passive voice )
………
10.Let’s go somewhere for a drink ( rewrite the sentence using : What about ………… ? )
………
11.Minh is very lazy so he doesn’t have many close friends ( Write the sentence using Unreal condition )
………
12.“My parents don’t often have breakfast ” said the girl ( Reported speech )
………
KÌ THI TUYỂN SINH LỚP 10 THPT Khóa ngày: 20.06.2008 Môn : TIẾNG ANH (Mã đề thi 483)
Thời gian làm bài: 60 phút
I / Chọn câu, từ/cụm từ thích hợp ứng với A, B, C hoặc D thích hợp với cac câu sau:
Câu 1" Where are you going?" he asked her.
A He asked her where she is going B He asked her where was she going
C He asked her where you were going D He asked her where she was going.
Câu 2: The meeting is cancelled Mr Tan’s plane was late.
A with B while C because D although
Câu 3: Please me any time if you need help.
Trang 6A will call B calls C call D calling
Câu 4: Rice in tropical countries.
A grew B is grown C growing D grows
Câu 5: The children have to come back before dark, ?
A haven’t they B do they C don’t they D have they
Câu 6: If the product were not safe, we it.
A would not sell B will sell C sold D don’t sell
Câu 7: I regret going to bed so late last night.
A I wish I hadn’t gone to bed so late last night.
B I wish I didn’t go to bed so late last night.
C I wish I hadn’t gone to bed early last night.
D I wish I went to bed early last night.
Câu 8:The people live next door to us are very nice.
A which B whom C who D whose
Câu 9:Chọn từ/cụm từ ứng với A, B, C hoặc D cần phải chữa để câu trở thành chính xác:
This chair, that has been broken for weeks must be repaired
A B C D
Câu 10:She hasn't written to me we met last time.
A before B since C for D ago
Câu 11: My friend was very when he got the job.
A surprised B surprises C surprising D surprise
Câu 12: The restaurant is open on weekends, not on holidays.
A but B so C or D either
Câu 13: I remember you before, but I have forgotten your name.
A meeting B to meet C meet D met
Câu 14: The meeting will be held Thursday.
Câu 15: The train from Madrid arrives noon.
II Chọn từ thích hợp ứng với A, B, C hoặc D để điền vào chỗ trống trong đoạn văn sau
Most people think of computers as very modern inventions, products of our new technological (7) But actually the idea for a computer (8) worked out over two centuries ago by a man (9) Charles Babbage Babbage was born in 1791 and grew up to be a brilliant mathematician He drew up plans for several calculating machines (10) he called “engines” But despite the fact that he (11) building some of these, he never finished any of them Over the years, people have argued (12) his machines would ever work Recently, however, the Science Museum in London has finished building (13) engine based on one of Babbage’s designs (14) has taken six years to complete and more (15) four thousand parts have been specially made Whether it works or not, the machine will be on at a special exhibition in the Science Museum (16) remind people of Babbage’s work.
Câu 7: A year B age C days D times
Câu 8: A had B is C was D has
Câu 9: A recognized B known C called D written
Câu 10: A what B which C whose D who
Câu 11: A made B wanted C started D missed
Câu 12: A though B whether C while D until
Câu 13: A some B an C that D the
Câu 14: A It B He C One D They
Câu 15: A therefore B then C than D when
Câu 16: A for B so C to D as
§Ò thi thö vµo líp 10 THPT n¨m häc 2009-2010 M«n thi: TiÕng Anh Thêi gian lµm bµi 60 phót
I Choose the best answer from A, B, C or D Circle the letter
1 Malaysia is into two regions, known as East Malaysia and West Malaysia.
2 She she were good at English so that she could go to London to study.
3 You haven’t known your exam result, _you?
4 On Wednesday, there is a meeting 7.30 a.m and 10 30 a.m
5 you don’t study harder, you will get bad mark in your exams.
Trang 7A When B However C If D Unless
6 _ Nam was tired, he tried his best to finish his homework last night.
7 I like reading the books _tell about different cultures and peoples in Viet Nam.
8 _, so he passed his exams with good grades.
A Hung worked hard B Because Hung worked hard C He worked hardly D Hung has never worked hard
9 I’m _that we are going to Da Lat next month.
10 I would tell you her address if I _ it.
III Supply the correct verb form to complete sentences
1 The children always look forward to (receive) toys from their parents.
2 We (not see) _each other since we (leave) high school in 1999.
3 The telephone (invent) _in 1876 by Alexander Graham Bell.
IV Read the passage below and answer the questions
Vietnam’s New Year is celebrated according to the Lunar calendar It is officially known as Tet Nguyen Dan or Tet It begins between January the twenty-first and February the nineteen The exact date changes from year to year Vietnamese people usually make preparations for the holiday several weeks beforehand They tidy their houses, cook special food, clean and make offerings on the family altars On the New Year’s Eve, people sit up to midnight to see New Year in, then they put on new clothes and give one another the greetings of the season Tet lasts ten days The first three days are the most important Vietnamese people believe that how people act during those days will influence the whole year As a result, they make every effort to avoid arguments and smile as much as possible.
1 What is Vietnam’s New Year known as?
……….
2 When does the Lunar New Year start? ……….
……….
3 What do Vietnamese people usually do to prepare for Tet?
………
4 How long does the Lunar New Year last?
………
5 Why are the first three days the most important?
………
6 What do people try to avoid and try to do on the first three days?
………
V Finish the second sentence so that it has the same meaning as the first one
1 He isn’t very rich but he always helps the poor.
Although………
2 People play soccer all over the world.
Soccer
………
3 “ When will you return the books to the library?” she asked me.
She asked
………
1 If / we / go on / throw / trash here / our / neighborhood / be / polluted.
If………
Đề thi vào lớp 10 THPT năm học 2009-2010 Môn thi: Tiếng Anh Thời gian làm bài 60 phút
I Chọn phơng án (A hoặc B, C, D) ứng với câu tốt nhất đợc tạo ra bằng những từ cho sẵn:
1 He is the film director we want to talk to.
A which B whose C whom D this
2 It is good for you this exercises
A does B doing C to do D have done
3 They first met they were at high school.
4 We always lots of photos while we’re in Paris.
5 The police come to the site of the accident, ?
A do they B don’t they C does he D doesn't he
6 I let my friend my bicycle yesterday.
A borrows B borrowed C borrow D borrowing
7 Would you like a cup of coffee with me?
8 My mother’s used to TV late at night
A watch B watched C watching D to watch
9 My father is a He works in a hospital.
A doctor B farmer C teacher D mechanic
10 It was a boring film that I felt asleep.
Trang 8A very B so C as D such
II Chọn từ / cụm từ thích hợp ( ứng với A hoặc B, C, D ) để điền vào chỗ trống trong bài khoá sau,
Traveling
When you are on holiday and intend to go to the seaside or travel abroad as a tourist, you should first of all decide
on the means of traveling You can travel by train, by ship, by car and of course by plane.
Traveling by plane is more comfortable, more convenient and (11) than any other method But not everybody likes it Some people (12) they do not see very much of the country they go to Trains are (13) for them They enjoy the movement and the (14) of railway stations, the shouts or porters pulling and pushing luggage along the platforms and the sight of train ready (15)
Some holiday-maker are all for traveling by sea Of course one can watch the sun (16) , which is an
unforgettable sight For people who get seasick, a sea voyage is out of the question.
11 A very quick B much quicker C more quick D quick
13 A good enough B enough good C too good D good too
14 A exciting B excitement C excited D excite
15 A starts B starting C to start D started
16 A rise and set B to rise and set C rising and set D rise and setting
III Chọn ( ứng với A hoặc B, C , D ) để diễn đạt đúng nghĩa câu sau:
17 heavy / rain / the / because / of / many / people / arrived / late / the / meeting / at.
A Because the heavy rain, many of people arrived at the meeting late.
B Because of the heavy rain, many people arrived at the meeting late
C Because of the heavy rain, many people arrived the meeting at late
D Because the heavy rain, many people arrived of the meeting at late
18 In spite of the traffic, we arrived on time
A As the traffic was bad, we arrived on time B Although the traffic was bad, we arrived on time
C We didn’t arrive on time because the traffic was bad D If the traffic was bad, we couldn’t arrive on time
19 Sue lives in the house The house is opposite my house.
A Sue lives in the house it is opposite my house B Sue lives in the house which opposite my house.
C Sue lives in the house which is opposite her house D Sue lives in the house which is opposite my house.
20 This girl is not as that one
A taller B tall C tallest D as tall
Đề thi vào lớp 10 THPT năm học 2009-2010 Môn thi: Tiếng Anh Thời gian làm bài 60 phút
I Choose the word (A, B,C or D) that best completes the sentence (2,4)
11 How long Dam Sen Amusement Park?
C have you visited D were you visiting
12 The cooker is displayed at Nguyen Kim Supermarket looks morden
13 She wondered her husband came home so late last night
14 John is on climbing mountains
15 The newspaper is owned by the Mearson Group, _chairman is Sir James Bex
16 I’m interested chess but I’m not very good it
17 If I were you, I that coat It’s very dear
A won’t buy B didn’t buy C wouldn’t buy D hadn’t bought
18 When I was a child, _the violine
19 Chinese people printing
A invented B have invented C had invented D invent
20 It’s raining hard _, Mr Binh has to travel to work
Trang 9A Because B But C Therefore D However
II/ Find the once choice that best completes the passage below : ( 0,6 )
Among the festivals (11)………… by some of Asian people is the Moon Cake Festival, also known (12)………… the Mid August Festival Large numbers of small round moon cakes are eaten (13)
………… this day, and children enjoy carrying colorful (14)……… lanterns come in all shapes; the most popular ones are shaped like fish, rabbits and butterflies According to (15)…………, the moon shines the brightest on the night of the Moon Cake Festival As the moon rises, tables are placed (16)……… the house and women make offerings of fruit and moon cakes to the Moon Goddess
VII/ Complete the second sentences without changing the meaning of the first sentences (2)
27 I didn’t listen to him, so I didn’t succeed
If……….………
28 Unless he phone her immediately, he won’t get the information
If………
29 No one has cleaned the rooms yet
The rooms……….………
30 Nam said to us, “I’m very happy to see you and your family here.”
Nam told……….………
§Ò thi vµo líp 10 THPT n¨m häc 2009-2010 M«n thi: TiÕng Anh Thêi gian lµm bµi 60 phót
II.Choose the best answer :
1 They ………… playing soccer in the park ( use / used to / are uesd / are used to ) 2.What have you learned since you ………….here? “ ( came / come / have came / have been coming )
3 I wish Mary ………… harder for her examination ( will work / worked / works / has worked )
4 He ……….English for four years ( learnt / learns / will learn / has learnt )
5 She wishes they ……….here next time ( don’t come / didn’t come / won’t come / wouldn’t come ) 6.I……… there for two years ( will work / was working / worked / have worked ) 7.I ………… English here since I graduated from university.( teach / am teaching / taught / have taught ) II.Complete the passage , using the words in the box :
viewers – spending – convenient – invention imagine – of – knowledge – popular Television is an important (1)………of the 20th century It has been so (2) ………that now
we can’t (3) ……….what life would be like if there were no television Television is a major means (4)……… communication It brings pictures and sounds from around the world into millions of home TV (5)……… can see and learn about people , places and things far away lands
TV widens our (6)……… by introducing us to new ideas which may lead us to new hobbies and recreations In addition to the news , TV provides us with a variety of programs that can satisfy every taste Most people now seem to like (7)……… their evenings watching TV It is more (8)……… for them to sit at home watching TV than to go out for amusement elsewhere
III.Rewrite the sentences with the words given :
1.“How often do you go to the English club ?”, Ba asked Tam
Trang 10Ba asked ………
3.Jack London didn’t write the novel “ The adventures of Tom Sawyer “
The novel………
6.When did you start working in that factory ?
How long ……… 7.Mr Phong is our Geography teacher He has been teaching in our school for ten years
Mr Phong ,………
8.With hard work , Lan can get good marks in the exam
If Lan ………
§Ò thi vµo líp 10 THPT n¨m häc 2009-2010 M«n thi: TiÕng Anh Thêi gian lµm bµi 60 phót
I.Choose the best answer to complete each sentence :
1.Are you a stamp ……… ? ( collecting / collector / collection / collect ) 2.Getting to the village is a very ………journey ( interest / interesting / interested / interests ) 3.My village lies near the ……….of the mountain and by a river ( foot / feet / leg / legs ) 4.What do you think about his ………of coins ? ( collector / collection / collect / collective ) 5.My village is about 100 kilometers ………… the south of HCM city ( with / at / for / to ) 6.The weather is nice Shall we ……….mountains this morning ? ( come / travel / go / clime ) 7.We will go ………a picnic next week ( at / in / on / to ) 8.There is a meeting ………9:00 AM and 2:00 PM ( till / at / between / on ) 9.Minh wishes he ……….a new bike (has / had / would have / will have ) 10.I wish you ……… it again ( don’t do / didn’t do / won’t do / wouldn’t do ) 11.It was an ………day ( enjoy / enjoyable / enjoyment / enjoying ) 12.The telephone was ………by Alexander Bell ( invent / invented / inventing / inventor )
II Read the text and then answer the questions below :
My village is about 50 kilometres from the city center It is very beautiful and peaceful place and where people grow flowers and vegetables only It’s very famous for its roses and picturesque scenery The air is quite fresh ;however, the smell of roses makes people feel cool In spring , my village looks like a carpet with plenty of colors Tourists come to visit it so often Nowadays ,with electricity, it doesn’t take the villagers much time to water the roses And even at night , people can walk along the path and enjoy the fresh smell of the flowers
Questions
1.How far is it from the writer’s village to the city center ?
2.What is it famous for ?