3 UNIT 2 CULTURAL DIVERSITY WF TENSES BASIC REPORTED converted (1)

TYPE 2:Wh- QUESTION Eg: “Where are you going?” – she asked >> She asked mewhere I was going.. Jen asked herwhat he was talking about.TYPE 3:YES/NO QUESTION Eg: “Is it a bus station far a

UNIT2:CULTURALDIVERSITY ENGLISH12

WORD FORMS

Reading

01

Culture

Culture shock

Cultural

Cultural diversityCultural exchange Cultural heritage Cultural differences Cultural barrier

03

Marry sb

Marital statusUnmarried

parents

Marriage

Romantic marriageContractual marriage

Married

Be/get married sb

04

Attract Attraction

Tourist attraction

Attractive Attracted

Physical attractiveness

05 Suppose SuppositionOn the supposition (that) Be supposed to Supposedly 06

Precedefollow Precedence

Take the precedence overIn order of precedence

07

Obligation

Under (no) obligation

Be obliged to do sth Obligatory

= compulsory

optional

08 Confide Confidence ConfidentConfidential

09 Respond ResponseIn response to

10 Value Value ValuableValueless Invaluable

11 Maintain Maintenance

12 Determine Determination Determined

13 Equal Equalityinequality Equalunequal Equally

14 Think – thought – thought Thought Thoughtfulthoughtless

15

TraditionTradition alism

Traditionalist

Traditional

16

Decide sth

Decide sth: choose

Decision

Make a decision = come to adecision

Decisive

17 Socialize Society SocialSociableanti-social

18 Interpretmisinterpret InterpretationInterpreter

19

Suspect sb sth SuspicionSuspect

Under suspicion With suspicionOn suspicion of

Suspicious

20 Tend TendencyHave a tendency to do sth

21 Attend AttentionPay (no) attention Attentive

22 Respectdisrespect Respect Respectfuldisrespectful

Respectable 23

Depend Dependenceindependence

Independence Day

Dependent

Independent

Dependableundependable 24

Be obliged to do sth Obligation

Under obligation

Obligatory

It’s obligatory that S should V1

Sb is obliged to do sth

25 Be concern / sth (that): worry aboutBe concern : mention sth

26 Conduct a survey = carry a survey

27 Blink (v)In the blink of an… = very quickly

28 Stick to (v)Stick to the gun (idm)

29 Superior to sbinferior to sb

30 Regardless = irrespective of

31 Key (a)

32 Trustworthyuntrustworthy (a)

33 Be in contact with sbLose contact sb

34

Partner (n) Colleague

(n) Counterpart (n)

Acquaintance (n)

Friend (n)

Mate (n)

Soul mate (n)

The Foreign Minister has held talks with his Chinese

We were room- _ during our university years

Come to the New Year disco and bring your She has been out with her tennis

I got this book from a of mine at the office

Claire has a wide circle of friends and

is a special person that can understand your feelings

35 Stiff (a)

36

Etiquette (n)Eating

etiquetteTable

manners

Code of etiquette

EXERCISES:

1 The children are taught to respect different (cultural)

2 You are so ! You never remember my birthday!(think)

3 It’s in America to eat Turkey on Thanksgiving Day.(tradition)

4 He fought the illness with courage and .(determine)

5 I’m not interested in a relationship.(romance)

6 I had always been by the idea of working.(attract)

7 The orchestra is very important for the life of the city.(culture)

8 An inquiry was set up to the cause of the accident.(determination)

9 What first me to her was her sense of humor.(attraction)

10 The proposal had been dropped in the face of opposition.(determine)

11 There’s a in our family that we have a party on New Year’s Eve.(traditional)

12 The book provides information on recent trends.(value)

13 He talked of the past and his youth.(romance)

14 The driver is for the safety of his passengers.(responsibility)

15 There are a lot of regional in England.(differ)

16 Why don’t you ever give me flowers? I wish you could be more

(romance)

17 American women are used to alone.(life)

18 It was very of you to send the flowers.(think)

19 That’s one of the less aspects of her personality.(attract)

20 I’m much to you for helping us.(oblige)

GRAMMAR

Revision of tenses

1 PRESENTSIMPLE

Eg: My family usually has breakfast at 7 o’clock every day

Eg: The Earth circles around the Sun

Eg: The plane to Japan starts at 12pm

Eg: I’ll wait hereuntilhe comes back.

Aftershe finishes her homework, she will go out = After…

2 PRESENT CONTINUOUS

Eg: He is eating a hamburgernow.

Eg: I am learning how to drivethese days.

Everyday,Igotoschoolbybike.Buttoday,………onfoot

Eg: You arealwaysmaking a fuss.

Eg: We are going to the cinematonight.

3 PRESENTPERFECT

Eg: I have posted the letter already

Eg: My Mom has made some cakes That’s why her hands are full of flour

Eg: Mary has lived here since she was 5

Eg: I have ironed 200 sets of clothes

I have seenThe Titanicthree times.

4 PRESENT PERFECTCONTINUOUS

Eg: She has been learning Spanish for 2 hours and a half.

Eg: I have been chopping the onions That’s why my eyes turn red

5 PAST SIMPLE

Eg: Tom went to Paris last summer

Eg: When I was young, I usually played with dolls

Eg: She worked as a secretary for five years before she got married

Eg: As soon as I came home, I took a bath

6 PAST CONTINUOUS

Eg: I was doing my homework at 6pm last Sunday

What were you doing between 3pm and 6pm yesterday?

.Eg:At8pmlastweek,Iwaswa tchingTVandmyhusbandwasreadinganewspaper

Eg: When the mail carrier came, she was sleeping

The phone rang while Mr Thompson was having dinner with his wife

7 PAST PERFECT

Eg: We had lived in Hue before 1975

Eg: By the time Jane arrived at the party, most of the guests had left

8 PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Eg: A group of men had been playing cards for 3 hours non-stop before I came

Eg: My legs were stiff because I had been standing for a long time

9 BE GOING TO

Eg: We are going to see a movie tonight Would you like to join us?

Eg: Look at dark clouds! It’s going to rain

10 FUTURE SIMPLE

Eg: I think it’ll rain tomorrow

Perhaps she’ll be late

Eg: All right, I’ll take the blue T-shirt

Don't worry, I’ll give you a lift

I promise I won’t do that again

Eg: Shall we go dancing tonight?

Eg: Return the money or I’ll take you to the count

Drive more carefully or you’ll have an accident

11 FUTURE CONTINUOUS

Eg: We’ll be lying on the beach at 8:00 am tomorrow

.Eg:Theyhavejustcalledmet oannouncethatthey’llbestayingwithusthismonth

12 FUTURE PERFECT

Eg: By the end of this year, our new house will have been finished

Eg:Bythetimeyouhavereadthiswholepage,theotherstudentswillhavegonehome

EXERCISES:

1 Samantha (live) in the city centre since1990

2 Look out of the window! It (snow)

3 What (you listen) to at the moment?

4 Annie (go) to school by car everyday

5 (you wear) a uniform at yourschool?

6 When we arrived home, Jane (read) inbed

7 We’d better wait here until the rain (stop)

8 How long (you work) here?

9 I’m sorry I can’t talk long I (study) for myexam

10 Yesterday I (lose) mywallet

11 This (be) a busy day and it isn’t overyet

12 I feel really tired I (go) to a party lastnight

13 Mark has an interesting hobby She (build) boats

14 The door was open, so the dog (run) into the livingroom

15 I (stay) at the Hotel Superior Why don’t you callme?

16 Recently a lot of people (take) uptennis

17 I’m afraid the last train (leave) an hourago

18 I (stand) here for hours and I feeltired

19 (you write) to Momyet?

20 John (work) here for three months before he (start) working for yourcompany.

21 Everyone (wait) for the concert to begin when a message (arrive)

22 Marie (watch) television when Brian (arrive)

23 I will phone you as soon as I (know)

24 When I (study) abroad three years ago, my parents (phone) me everyweek

25 LastsummerI(go) swimmingeveryweekend.NowI(play) tennisevery Sunday

26 What (you do) when I (phone) you last night?

27 I first (come) to this town twenty years ago

28 When (you start) play basketball?

29 Don’t worry about the cat It only (eat) once aday

30 Tom (work) here since July10th

31 What’s the matter? Why (you look) at me thatway?

32 That can’t be right I (not believe) it

33 How (you feel) yesterdayafternoon?

34 While I (wash) my hair, the phone (ring)

35 When the dog (bite) her, she (cry) out

36 Tom (buy) his first motorbike in1994

37 It’squitelikelythatby2050we(useup) mostoftheEarth’snaturalresources and so we (rely) on wind power and hydropower for our energyneeds

38 Why do you buy so many books? – Because I (read) for theweekends

39 In July, they (be) married for twentyyears 40

That’s terrible news! What (you do) ?

41 When you get to the station, I (wait) for you outside

42 In the year 2100, people (live) on the Moon

43 It’squitepossiblethatby2050lifeexpectancy(increase) to100andthatwe (be able to) enjoy a healthier existence than is nowpossible

44 There’s the phone again I (answer) it

45 It’s quite cold – Yes, I think it is I (put) the heatingon

46 We(have) apartynextweek.Wouldyouliketocome?–Yes,I’dloveto 47 What time (your plane leave) ?

48 In ten years’ time, I (work) for a differentcompany

49 Come round between eight and nine We (watch) the match on TVthen

50 When you take a holiday with Activity Wales, you (have) the time of yourlife

51 Don’t worry! The plane (land) in amoment 52

This time next I (shop) inMilan

53 All the hotels are full Where (we spend) thenight?

54 HelenandI(go) thecinematonight?Wouldyouliketojoinus? 55 The

kids (go) to bed by 10o’clock

56 This is the first time I (visit) Scotland

57 This was the first time I (visit) Scotland

58 You can use the machine Jack (fix) it

59 You can’t use the machine Jack (fix) it

60 It’s ages since we (eat) Chinesemeal

NEGATIVE PREFIXES

1 It’salmost for young people leaving school to get a job (POSSIBLE)

2 If you don’t pay your bill,theywill your electricity (CONNECT)

3 John is kind and sympathetic though he’s so _ to lookat

(ATTRACT)

4 He says it’s true with all the confidence and I have no reason to _ him

(BELIEVE)

5 It’s of you to discourage him from studies.(RESPONSIBLE)

6 Getting lost in the jungle was a _ experience of mine.(AGREE)

7 Don’t depend on him He’s a very _ person.(RELY)

8 They were forcedtobecome partners in the project.(WILL)

9 Please don’t be so _ I can’t do all the work by myself (REASON)

10 We encourage our children to do _ work for charity.(PAY)

11 The water in thisareais and shouldn’t be drunk.(PURE)

12 There’s no need to think so much about it.You’reworrying .(NEED)

13 Noon is a rather _ time for an appointment.(CONVINIENCE)

14 It’s to smoke too much in a day.(ADVICE)

15 EveryyearmanypeoplecometoAfricatooseeitsbeautifulcountrysideandits animals (USUAL)

16 Westerners consider it _ to ask someone’s age (POLITE)

17 _ hunters are killing many elephants for their ivory.(LAW)

18 She would rather die of hunger than live on _ earnings.(MORAL)

19 It's to wear colorful clothes to a funeral (APPROPRIATE)

20 Itseems to change the timetable so often.(LOGIC)

21 Sorry about the mistake I _ your instructions (UNDERSTAND)

22 His attempt to break the world record was sadly _.(SUCCESS)

23 This hard chair makesmefeel to sit on.(COMFORT)

24 I could never be a teacher.I’mtoo (PATIENCE)

25 He _ the signs telling him to slow down and ended up crashing into the wall.(REGARD)

26 Burning coal is an _ way of heating a house Gas is much cheaper.(ECONOMICAL)

27 I’d love to see you nextweek,but , it won’t be possible.(FORTUNATE)

28 The maps of theareawere , so the city council decided to have it improved.(ACCURACY)

29 His _ understanding of the situation led to the failure of the project.(PERFECT)

30 We were _ to the city life and found it strange at first.(USE)

31 After taking some aspirins, her headache _.(APPEAR)

32 Cancer is among the _ diseases of the present days (CURE)

33 _ drinking leads to liver cancer.(MODERATION)

34 There are always mistakes The firmisso (EFFICIENCY)

35 Don't trust him He’s completely _.(HONEST)

36 She’s _ person Her house has been broken into four times this month.(LUCK)

37 He has caused his parents a lot of _.(HAPPY)

38 It’s a good idea in theorybutrather .(PRACTICE)

39 Tom would liketobe of his parents (DEPEND)

40 _wasoneoftheproblemsfacingtheVietnamesegovernmentaftertheAugustRevolutionin 1945 (LITERACY)

41 She is _ You never know whether she’s going to be in good or bad mood.(PREDICT)

42 They’ve my name on this form The first letter is L, not R.(SPELL)

43 His teacher scolded him for his _ during the lesson.(ATTEND)

44 After I had got to know him better, I _ him intensely.(LIKE)

45 He’s very _ for his age I can't stand his childishness (MATURE)

46 Itwas of you to make fun of him like that.(KIND)

47 Some of Tom’s answers in theexamwere (CORRECT)

48 Your handwriting is _ I can’t understand any words (LEGIBLE)

49 He’s always telling lies He’s very _.(DEPEND)

50 I’m worried about Mary.She’sso , which is very difficult to work with.(SOCIAL)

REPORTED SPEECH

Changeadverbs:

“S + V.”

Speaker told/said to Listener that S + V Speaker said that S + V

“Wh- + aux + S + V?”

Speaker asked Listener Wh- + S + V

“Aux + S + V?”

Speaker asked Listener if/whether + S + V

Changetenses:

 Present continuous 

 Present perfectcontinuous 

 Past perfectcontinuous 

 Should/Had better/Ought to 

TYPE 1:STATEMENT

Eg: “He’s not at home”- she said

>> She said that he was not at home

Eg: “You can’t do that Jenny” – Mark said

>> Mark told Jenny she couldn’t do that

TYPE 2:Wh- QUESTION

Eg: “Where are you going?” – she asked

>> She asked mewhere I was going.

Eg: “What is he talking about?” – Ms Jen asked

>> Ms Jen asked herwhat he was talking about.TYPE

3:YES/NO QUESTION

Eg: “Is it a bus station far away?” - the girl asked

“(Don't) + V1.”

Speaker asked Listener (NOT) + to - inf

>> The girl asked if/whether a bus station was far away

TYPE 4:IMPERATIVE

Eg: “I’ll give you a lift, Sarah” – Martin said

>> Martin asked Sarahto giveher a lift.

Eg: “Don’t forget to lock the door before going out” – Mom asked

>> Mom asked meNOT to forgetto lock the door before going out.

EXERCISE:

1 “What time did you go to bed lastnight?”

Helen asked her little boy

2 “Pull as hard as you can” – sheencouraged

She asked me

3 “Whose bicycle did you borrowyesterday?”

My Mom asked

4 “Tom has written me a long letter” – announcedMary

Mary said

5 “Have you done your homework?” – said myteacher

My teacher asked me

6 “I saw the boy here in this room today” – said thegirl

The girl said

7 “Are yousure?”

My Daddy naughtily asked

8 “Cook it in butter” – Mrs Brown said to herdaughter

Mrs Brown asked her daughter

9 “I can’t help you because I have too much work todo”

Jean told Helen

10 “Will you marryme?”

Peter asked Mary

11 “Don’t cheat in the exam or you’ll bepunished”

My teacher asked me

12 He asked me “Why didn’t you come to classyesterday?”

He asked me

13 “Don’t come back before 1o’clock”

My boss asked her

14 “My parents are going to see a movie on ValentineDay”

Julia said

15 “Who put salt in my coffee?” – saidJimmy

Jimmy asked

16 “You should come to thedoctor”

My friend told me

17 “Is he going to see a movie withus?”

They asked me

18 “What have you been doing allmorning?”

My mom asked my brother

19 “Hurryup!”

Helen’s friend asked her

20 “Did you phone meyesterday?”

Mary asked Jim