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UNIT 2: CULTURAL DIVERSITY ENGLISH WORD FORMS Reading No Verb Noun Culture Culture shock 01 02 03 Diversify Marry sb Marital status Unmarried parents Attract Diversity Marriage Romantic marriage Contractual marriage Attraction Tourist attraction Suppose Supposition On the supposition (that) Precedence Take the precedence over In order of precedence Obligation Under (no) obligation 04 05 06 Precede ≠ follow 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 Confide Confidence Respond Response In response to Value Value Maintain Determine Equal Think – thought – thought 15 16 17 18 Decide sth Decide sth: choose Socialize Interpret ≠ misinterpret Suspect sb sth 19 20 21 Tend Attend Maintenance Determination Equality ≠ inequality Thought Tradition Traditionalism Traditionalist Decision Make a decision = come to a decision Society Interpretation Interpreter Suspicion Suspect Under suspicion With suspicion On suspicion of Tendency Have a tendency to sth Attention Pay (no) attention Adjective Cultural Cultural diversity Cultural exchange Cultural heritage Cultural differences Cultural barrier Diverse Married Be/get married sb Attractive Attracted Physical attractiveness Be supposed to Adverb Diversely Supposedly Be obliged to sth Obligatory = compulsory ≠ optional Confident Confidential Valuable ≠ Valueless Invaluable Determined Equal ≠ unequal Thoughtful ≠ thoughtless Traditional Decisive Social Sociable ≠ anti-social Suspicious Attentive Equally 22 Respect ≠ disrespect Respect Depend Dependence ≠ independence Independence Day Be obliged to sth Obligation Under obligation 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 Respectful ≠ disrespectful Respectable Dependent ≠ Independent Dependable ≠ undependable Obligatory It’s obligatory that S should V1 Sb is obliged to sth Be concern / sth (that): worry about Be concern : mention sth Conduct a survey = carry a survey Blink (v) In the blink of an… = very quickly Stick to (v) Stick to the gun (idm) Superior to sb ≠ inferior to sb Regardless = irrespective of Key (a) Trustworthy ≠ untrustworthy (a) Be in contact with sb Lose contact sb Partner (n) The Foreign Minister has held talks with his Chinese Colleague (n) We were room- _ during our university years Counterpart (n) Come to the New Year disco and bring your Acquaintance (n) She has been out with her tennis Friend (n) I got this book from a of mine at the office Mate (n) Claire has a wide circle of friends and is a special person that can understand your feelings Soul mate (n) Stiff (a) Etiquette (n) Eating etiquette Table manners Code of etiquette EXERCISES: The children are taught to respect different (cultural) You are so ! You never remember my birthday! (think) It’s in America to eat Turkey on Thanksgiving Day (tradition) He fought the illness with courage and (determine) I’m not interested in a relationship (romance) I had always been by the idea of working (attract) The orchestra is very important for the life of the city (culture) An inquiry was set up to the cause of the accident (determination) What first me to her was her sense of humor (attraction) 10 The proposal had been dropped in the face of opposition (determine) 11 There’s a in our family that we have a party on New Year’s Eve (traditional) 12 The book provides information on recent trends (value) 13 He talked of the past and his youth (romance) 14 The driver is for the safety of his passengers (responsibility) 15 There are a lot of regional in England (differ) 16 Why don’t you ever give me flowers? I wish you could be more (romance) 17 American women are used to alone (life) 18 It was very of you to send the flowers (think) 19 That’s one of the less aspects of her personality (attract) 20 I’m much to you for helping us (oblige) GRAMMAR Revision of tenses PRESENT SIMPLE Eg: My family usually has breakfast at o’clock every day Eg: The Earth circles around the Sun Eg: The plane to Japan starts at 12pm Eg: I’ll wait here until he comes back After she finishes her homework, she will go out = After… PRESENT CONTINUOUS Eg: He is eating a hamburger now Eg: I am learning how to drive these days Every day, I go to school by bike But today,……………………………………………on foot Eg: You are always making a fuss Eg: We are going to the cinema tonight PRESENT PERFECT Eg: I have posted the letter already Eg: My Mom has made some cakes That’s why her hands are full of flour Eg: Mary has lived here since she was Eg: I have ironed 200 sets of clothes I have seen The Titanic three times PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS Eg: She has been learning Spanish for hours and a half Eg: I have been chopping the onions That’s why my eyes turn red PAST SIMPLE Eg: Tom went to Paris last summer Eg: When I was young, I usually played with dolls Eg: She worked as a secretary for five years before she got married Eg: As soon as I came home, I took a bath PAST CONTINUOUS Eg: I was doing my homework at 6pm last Sunday What were you doing between 3pm and 6pm yesterday? Eg: At 8pm last week, I was watching TV and my husband was reading a newspaper Eg: When the mail carrier came, she was sleeping The phone rang while Mr Thompson was having dinner with his wife PAST PERFECT Eg: We had lived in Hue before 1975 Eg: By the time Jane arrived at the party, most of the guests had left PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS Eg: A group of men had been playing cards for hours non-stop before I came Eg: My legs were stiff because I had been standing for a long time BE GOING TO Eg: We are going to see a movie tonight Would you like to join us? Eg: Look at dark clouds! It’s going to rain 10 FUTURE SIMPLE Eg: I think it’ll rain tomorrow Perhaps she’ll be late Eg: All right, I’ll take the blue T-shirt Don't worry, I’ll give you a lift I promise I won’t that again Eg: Shall we go dancing tonight? Eg: Return the money or I’ll take you to the count Drive more carefully or you’ll have an accident 11 FUTURE CONTINUOUS Eg: We’ll be lying on the beach at 8:00 am tomorrow Eg: They have just called me to announce that they’ll be staying with us this month 12 FUTURE PERFECT Eg: By the end of this year, our new house will have been finished Eg: By the time you have read this whole page, the other students will have gone home EXERCISES: 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Samantha (live) in the city centre since 1990 Look out of the window! It (snow) What (you listen) to at the moment? Annie (go) to school by car every day (you wear) a uniform at your school? When we arrived home, Jane (read) in bed We’d better wait here until the rain (stop) How long (you work) here? I’m sorry I can’t talk long I (study) for my exam Yesterday I (lose) my wallet This (be) a busy day and it isn’t over yet I feel really tired I (go) to a party last night Mark has an interesting hobby She (build) boats The door was open, so the dog (run) into the living room I (stay) at the Hotel Superior Why don’t you call me? Recently a lot of people (take) up tennis I’m afraid the last train (leave) an hour ago I (stand) here for hours and I feel tired 19 (you write) to Mom yet? 20 21 22 23 24 25 48 49 50 51 53 54 John (work) here for three months before he (start) working for your company Everyone (wait) for the concert to begin when a message (arrive) Marie (watch) television when Brian (arrive) I will phone you as soon as I (know) When I (study) abroad three years ago, my parents (phone) me every week Last summer I (go) swimming every weekend Now I (play) tennis every Sunday 26 What (you do) when I (phone) you last night? 27 I first (come) to this town twenty years ago 28 When (you start) play basketball? 29 Don’t worry about the cat It only (eat) once a day 30 Tom (work) here since July 10th 31 What’s the matter? Why (you look) at me that way? 32 That can’t be right I (not believe) it 33 How (you feel) yesterday afternoon? 34 While I (wash) my hair, the phone (ring) 35 When the dog (bite) her, she (cry) out 36 Tom (buy) his first motorbike in 1994 37 It’s quite likely that by 2050 we (use up) most of the Earth’s natural resources and so we (rely) on wind power and hydropower for our energy needs 38 Why you buy so many books? – Because I (read) for the weekends 39 In July, they (be) married for twenty years 40 That’s terrible news! What (you do) ? 41 When you get to the station, I (wait) for you outside 42 In the year 2100, people (live) on the Moon 43 It’s quite possible that by 2050 life expectancy (increase) to 100 and that we (be able to) enjoy a healthier existence than is now possible 44 There’s the phone again I (answer) it 45 It’s quite cold – Yes, I think it is I (put) the heating on 46 We (have) a party next week Would you like to come? – Yes, I’d love to 47 What time (your plane leave) ? In ten years’ time, I (work) for a different company Come round between eight and nine We (watch) the match on TV then When you take a holiday with Activity Wales, you (have) the time of your life Don’t worry! The plane (land) in a moment 52 This time next I (shop) in Milan All the hotels are full Where (we spend) the night? Helen and I (go) the cinema tonight? Would you like to join us? 55 The kids (go) to bed by 10 o’clock 56 This is the first time I (visit) Scotland 57 This was the first time I (visit) Scotland 58 You can use the machine Jack (fix) it 59 You can’t use the machine Jack (fix) it 60 It’s ages since we (eat) Chinese meal NEGATIVE PREFIXES It’s almost for young people leaving school to get a job (POSSIBLE) If you don’t pay your bill, they will your electricity (CONNECT) John is kind and sympathetic though he’s so _ to look at (ATTRACT) He says it’s true with all the confidence and I have no reason to _ him (BELIEVE) It’s of you to discourage him from studies (RESPONSIBLE) Getting lost in the jungle was a _ experience of mine (AGREE) 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 Don’t depend on him He’s a very _ person (RELY) They were forced to become partners in the project (WILL) Please don’t be so _ I can’t all the work by myself (REASON) We encourage our children to _ work for charity (PAY) The water in this area is and shouldn’t be drunk (PURE) There’s no need to think so much about it You’re worrying (NEED) Noon is a rather _ time for an appointment (CONVINIENCE) It’s to smoke too much in a day (ADVICE) Every year many people come to Africa too see its beautiful countryside and its animals (USUAL) Westerners consider it _ to ask someone’s age (POLITE) _ hunters are killing many elephants for their ivory (LAW) She would rather die of hunger than live on _ earnings (MORAL) It's to wear colorful clothes to a funeral (APPROPRIATE) It seems to change the timetable so often (LOGIC) Sorry about the mistake I _ your instructions (UNDERSTAND) His attempt to break the world record was sadly _ (SUCCESS) This hard chair makes me feel to sit on (COMFORT) I could never be a teacher I’m too (PATIENCE) He _ the signs telling him to slow down and ended up crashing into the wall (REGARD) Burning coal is an _ way of heating a house Gas is much cheaper (ECONOMICAL) I’d love to see you next week, but , it won’t be possible (FORTUNATE) The maps of the area were , so the city council decided to have it improved (ACCURACY) His _ understanding of the situation led to the failure of the project (PERFECT) We were _ to the city life and found it strange at first (USE) After taking some aspirins, her headache _ (APPEAR) Cancer is among the _ diseases of the present days (CURE) _ drinking leads to liver cancer (MODERATION) There are always mistakes The firm is so (EFFICIENCY) Don't trust him He’s completely _ (HONEST) She’s _ person Her house has been broken into four times this month (LUCK) He has caused his parents a lot of _ (HAPPY) It’s a good idea in theory but rather (PRACTICE) Tom would like to be of his parents (DEPEND) _ was one of the problems facing the Vietnamese government after the August Revolution in 1945 (LITERACY) She is _ You never know whether she’s going to be in good or bad mood (PREDICT) They’ve my name on this form The first letter is L, not R (SPELL) His teacher scolded him for his _ during the lesson (ATTEND) After I had got to know him better, I _ him intensely (LIKE) He’s very _ for his age I can't stand his childishness (MATURE) It was of you to make fun of him like that (KIND) Some of Tom’s answers in the exam were (CORRECT) Your handwriting is _ I can’t understand any words (LEGIBLE) He’s always telling lies He’s very _ (DEPEND) I’m worried about Mary She’s so , which is very difficult to work with (SOCIAL) REPORTED SPEECH Change adverbs: DIRECT SPEECH Now Here This These REPORTED SPEECH Yesterday Tomorrow Ago Last… Change tenses: DIRECT SPEECH Simple present Present continuous Present perfect Present perfect continuous Simple past Past continuous Past perfect Past perfect continuous Be going to Will Will be V-ing Will have V3 Shall Can May Must Should/Had better/Ought to REPORTED SPEECH TYPE 1: STATEMENT “S + V.” Speaker told/said to Listener that S + V Speaker said that S + V Eg: “He’s not at home”- she said >> She said that he was not at home Eg: “You can’t that Jenny” – Mark said >> Mark told Jenny she couldn’t that TYPE 2: Wh- QUESTION “Wh- + aux + S + V?” Speaker asked Listener Wh- + S + V Eg: “Where are you going?” – she asked >> She asked me where I was going Eg: “What is he talking about?” – Ms Jen asked >> Ms Jen asked her what he was talking about TYPE 3: YES/NO QUESTION “Aux + S + V?” Speaker asked Listener if/whether + S + V Eg: “Is it a bus station far away?” - the girl asked >> The girl asked if/whether a bus station was far away TYPE 4: IMPERATIVE “(Don't) + V1.” Speaker asked Listener (NOT) + to - inf Eg: “I’ll give you a lift, Sarah” – Martin said >> Martin asked Sarah to give her a lift Eg: “Don’t forget to lock the door before going out” – Mom asked >> Mom asked me NOT to forget to lock the door before going out EXERCISE: “What time did you go to bed last night?” → Helen asked her little boy “Pull as hard as you can” – she encouraged → She asked me “Whose bicycle did you borrow yesterday?” → My Mom asked “Tom has written me a long letter” – announced Mary → Mary said “Have you done your homework?” – said my teacher → My teacher asked me “I saw the boy here in this room today” – said the girl → The girl said “Are you sure?” → My Daddy naughtily asked “Cook it in butter” – Mrs Brown said to her daughter → Mrs Brown asked her daughter “I can’t help you because I have too much work to do” → Jean told Helen 10 “Will you marry me?” → Peter asked Mary 11 “Don’t cheat in the exam or you’ll be punished” → My teacher asked me 12 He asked me “Why didn’t you come to class yesterday?” → He asked me 13 “Don’t come back before o’clock” → My boss asked her 14 “My parents are going to see a movie on Valentine Day” → Julia said 15 “Who put salt in my coffee?” – said Jimmy → Jimmy asked 16 “You should come to the doctor” → My friend told me 17 “Is he going to see a movie with us?” → They asked me 18 “What have you been doing all morning?” → My mom asked my brother 19 “Hurry up!” → Helen’s friend asked her 20 “Did you phone me yesterday?” → Mary asked Jim ... was a _ experience of mine (AGREE) 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 Don’t depend on him He’s a.. .22 Respect ≠ disrespect Respect Depend Dependence ≠ independence Independence Day Be obliged to sth Obligation Under obligation 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 Respectful... here for hours and I feel tired 19 (you write) to Mom yet? 20 21 22 23 24 25 48 49 50 51 53 54 John (work) here for three months before he (start) working for
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