Rất nhiều học sinh nhận xét rằng đây là một nội dung phức tạp và khó ghi nhớ. Do đó tôi viết chuyên đề này với hi vọng cung cấp cho các em học sinh lớp 12, trường THPT Vĩnh Tường hệ thống ngữ pháp cùng bài tập minh họa đầy đủ để các em nắm vững nội dung này. Đối tượng bồi dưỡng của chuyên đề là học sinh các lớp 12a2, 12a6, 12a7 trường THPT Vĩnh Tường; thời lượng học là 9 tiết.
Trang 1SỞ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO …
TRƯỜNG TRUNG HỌC PHỔ THÔNG ….
BÁO CÁO CHUYÊN ĐỀ
DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH
CHỨC VỤ: GV TIẾNG ANH
NĂM HỌC
Trang 2MỤC LỤC
MỤC LỤC
LỜI MỞ ĐẦU
NỘI DUNG CHÍNH
Phần 1.Ngữ pháp và bài tập minh họa 4
I Định nghĩa 4
II Những thay đổi trong lời nói gián tiếp……… 4
III Các loại câu gián tiếp cụ thể và bài tập minh họa……….7
Phần 2 Bài tập thực hành… 14
Phần 3 Đề kiểm tra 45 phút và ma trận 21
Trang 3LỜI MỞ ĐÂU
Câu trực tiếp và gián tiếp trong Tiếng Anh là một nội dung ngữ pháp quan trọng mà học sinh cần nắm vững để làm tốt phần ngữ pháp trong các đề thi, kiểm tra cũng như vận dụng trong giao tiếp bằng Tiếng Anh
Rất nhiều học sinh nhận xét rằng đây là một nội dung phức tạp và khó ghi nhớ Do đó tôi viết chuyên đề này với hi vọng cung cấp cho các em học sinh lớp 12, trường THPT Vĩnh Tường
hệ thống ngữ pháp cùng bài tập minh họa đầy đủ để các em nắm vững nội dung này.
Đối tượng bồi dưỡng của chuyên đề là học sinh các lớp 12a2, 12a6, 12a7 trường THPT Vĩnh Tường; thời lượng học là 9 tiết.
Tôi hy vọng rằng khi được áp dụng đại trà, chuyên đề này có thể phù hợp với nhiều đối tượng học sinh, đồng thời kính mong sự đóng góp của các thầy cô để tôi có thể hoàn thiện chuyên
đề của mình tốt hơn.
Trang 4DIRECT SPEECH AND INDIRECT SPEECH
Phần 1: Ngữ pháp và bài tập minh họa
1 Định nghĩa
There are 2 ways of relating what a person has said: direct and indirect
Direct speech repeats, or quotes, the exact words spoken When we use directspeech in writing, we place the words spoken between quotation marks (" ") andthere is no change in these words We may be reporting something that's being saidNOW (for example a telephone conversation), or telling someone later about aprevious conversation
Example: He said, “I have lost my umbrella.”
In indirect speech (reported speech) we give the exact meaning of a remark
or a speech, without necessarily using the speaker’s exact words:
Example: He said (that) he had lost his umbrella.
2 Những thay đổi trong lời nói gián tiếp
a Changes in tenses
When indirect speech is introduced by a verb in past tenses, verbs in the directspeech have to be changed into corresponding past tenses The changes are shown
in the following table
1 Present Simple
Ex1: Nam said, “I am told to be at
school before 7 o’clock.”
Ex2: He said, “ I like beer”
2 Present Progressive
Ex: He said, “I’m watching TV.”
3 Present Perfect: has/have + V3/ed
Ex: He said, “I have just bought a new
book.”
4 Past Simple
1 Past Simple
EX1: Nam said (that) he was told to be
at school before 7 o’clock
Ex2: He said (that) He liked beer
2 Past Progressive
Ex: He said (that) he was watching TV
3 Past Perfect: had + V3/ed
Ex: He said (that) he had just bought a new book
4 Past Perfect
Trang 5Ex: They said, “We came by car.”
5 Past Progressive
Ex: He said, “I was sitting in the park at
8 o’clock.”
6 Past Perfect: had + V3/ed
Ex: She said, “My money had run out.”
Ex: He said, “I must finish this report.”
Ex: They said (that) they had come by car
5 Past progressive or Past Perfect progressive
Ex:-He said (that) he was sitting in the park at 8 o’clock
- He said (that) he had been sitting in the park at 8 o’clock
6 Past Perfect: had + V3/ed
Ex: She said (that) her money had run out
7 would + V without to ( Vo)
Ex: Lan said ( that) she would phone me
- When the introductory verb is in a present, present perfect or future tense.
EX: He says/ he is saying/ he has said/ he will say, “The text is difficult”
He says/ is saying/ has said/ will say (that) the text is difficult
- When the direct sentence is a general truth
EX: My teacher said “The sun rises in the East”
My teacher said (that) the sun rises in the East
- The direct speech is in conditional type 2 and 3
EX: He said; “If I knew her address, I would write to her.”
He said that he would write to her if he knew her address
EX: The teacher said, “If John had studied harder, he wouldn’t have failed his exam.”
Trang 6 The teacher said (that) if John had studied harder, he wouldn’t have failed his exam.
- Unreal past tenses after: wish, It’s (high/ about) time, would rather, would
sooner
Ex: He said; “I wish I had a lot of money.”
He wishes (that) he had a lot of money
EX: She said; “It’s about time you went to bed, children.”
She told her children that it’s about time they went to bed
EX: She said; “I would rather you stayed at home.”
She said that she would rather I stayed at home
-“had better” remain unchanged.
EX: She said; “You had better do the homework.”
She said that I had better do the homework
- Might, ought to, should, would, could, used to normally remain unchanged:
EX: He said: “Ann might ring today.”
He said that Ann might ring that day
EX: “They ought to/should widen this road,” I said
I said that they ought to/should widen this road
- The direct speech has a definite time:
EX: He said, “I was born in 1980.”
He said that he was born in 1980
- Past/ past continuous tense in time clause
EX: “I saw him when he was going to the cinema.”
She said she saw him when she was going to the cinema
b Pronouns and possessive adjectives changes
General rules
Direct speech Indirect speech
First person
Ex: He said to me: “I am tired”
Changes according to the subject of the introduction clause
He said to me that he was tired
c Changes in expression of time and places from direct into indirect speech
last month/ night … the month before / the previous
month/ night
Trang 7Tomorrow the following day/ the next day
The day before yesterday Two days before
The day after tomorrow In two days’ time
next month/ week the month after / the following
3.Các loại câu gián tiếp cụ thể và bài tập minh họa
a Statements in indirect speech
S + said (to + O) + that S + V……
S + told + O + that S + V….
EX: ‘We will have a test tomorrow’, my teacher said.
-> My teacher said (that) they would have a test the next day.
*Note: The reported verbs can also be: thought, announced, explained,
complained, believed…
SAMPLE EXERCISE 1 Change the sentences into reported speech.
1 Nam said “I am told to be at school before 7 o’clock.”
Trang 8KEY
1 Nam said that he was told to be at school before 7 o’clock
2 Thu said that all the students would have a meeting the following week
3 Phong said that his parents were very proud of his good marks
4 The teacher said all the homework must be done carefully
5 Her father told her that she could go to the movie with her friend
6 Hoa said that she might visit her parents in the summer
7 The teacher said we could collect old book for the poor students
8 She said she didn’t buy that book
9 The boys said they had to try their best to win the match
10 Her classmate said Lan was the most intelligent girl in their class
………
b Questions in reported speech)
* Yes/ no questions:
S + asked + (O) + if / whether + clause
EX: Tuan asked Ba “Are you fond of watching television?”
Tuan asked Ba if/whether he was fond of watching television
SAMPLE EXERCISE 2 Change into reported speech
1 “Do you enjoy reading?” Phong asked Peter
1 Phong asked Peter if he enjoyed reading
2 Hoa asked Lan if she liked sports
Trang 93 She asked Nam if his sister and brother went to the same school.
4 She asked her mom if there were some oranges in the fridge
5 He asked his friend if it would rain the following day
6 Tam asked Peter if he had gone to Hue 3 years before
7 Tuan asked Lan if Tam and Hoa were late for class
8 She asked me if I could speak Chinese
9 Tam asked Thu if she would be there for 5 days
10 She asked Ba if he was reading that book at 8 o’clock the previous Sunday
………
*Wh-questions:
S + asked + (O) + wh – word + clause
EX: He said to me, “Why did you go with her father last week?”
He asked me why I had gone with her father the week before
Tuan asked Ba if/whether he was fond of watching television
1 The teacher asked me where my father worked
2 She asked Lan how many people there were in her family
3 Tam’s friend asked him how long he would stay in England
4 She asked her mom how many oranges there were in the fridge
5 The teacher asked Lien what her hobby was
Trang 106 His friend asked him how he went to the airport
7 Lan asked Lien how much that dress cost
8 Ba asked Tam how often he washed his clothes
9 Phong asked Thu when her father would leave Vietnam for the USA
10 The librarian asked my teacher how many books the students needed
………
c.Imperative in reported speech)
-Reported verbs: ordered, commanded , requested, asked , told
(+) S + ordered + O + to infinitive
commanded
told asked requested
EX: “Please wait for a minute.” The man asked me
The man asked me to wait for a minute
“Would you mind opening the door” she asked me
She asked me to open the door
He said to the waiter, “Please bring me some hot water.”
He told to the waiter to bring him some hot water
I said to her “Please shut the window.”
I asked her to shut the window
(-) He/ she + ordered + object not to + infinitive
Told Asked
EX: “Please don’t talk loudly”
He asked me not to talk loudly
He said “Don’t shut the door”
He asked me not to shut the door
SAMPLE EXERCISE 4
1 "Stop talking, Joe," the teacher said.→ The teacher told Joe
2 "Be patient," she said to him.→ She told him
3 "Go to your room," her father said to her.→ Her father told her
4 "Hurry up," she said to us.→ She told us
5 "Give me the key," he told her.→ He asked her
6 "Don't go out without me," he begged her.→ He begged her
7 "Don't forget your bag," she told me.→ She told me
8 "Don't eat in the lab," the chemistry teacher said.→ The chemistry teacher told his students
9 "Don't give yourself up," he advised her.→ He advised her
10."Don't hurt yourselves, boys," she said.→ She told the boys
Trang 111 The teacher told Joe to stop talking
2 She told him to be patient
3 Her father told her to go to her room
4 She told us to hurry up
5 He asked her to give him the key
6 He begged her not to go out without him
7 She told me not to forget my bag
8 The chemistry teacher told his students not to eat in the lab
9 He advised her not to give herself up
10.She told the boys not to hurt themselves
………
d Exclamation in indirect speech
- Reported verbs: exclaim/shout
EX: He said, “ What a lovely garden they have.”
He exclaimed that they had a lovely garden
He said that it was … / hoặc He exclaimed that it was …
EX1: She said; “What a pity!” (Direct speech) -> She exclaimed that it was
a pity
EX2: I said; “What a nice horse” -> I exclaimed that it was a nice houseEX3: He said; “How beautiful she is!”-> He exclaimed that she was
beautiful!
Eg4: “What a big egg” he said -> He said that it was a big egg
Eg5: “How dreadful!” he said -> He exclaimed that it was dreadful
SAMPLE EXERCISE 5 Change into reported speech
1 She said; “How beautiful they are!”
Trang 121 She said that they were beautiful
2 I said that he was running so fast
3 He exclaimed that it was a lovely house
4 She exclaimed that were beautiful flower
5 She said that my sister was lovely
………
e Reported speech with to infinitive
* General rules:
S + V (+ O) + to V
-Reported verbs: ask, advice, command, invite, order, recommend, encourage,
urge, warn, want, beg, instruct, persuade…/agree, demand, hope, promise,
threaten, offer, refuse, decide
Would you/ Could you / Will you/ Can you -> asked+ sb + to + V
Would you mind + V-ing /Do you mind + V-ing -> asked + sb + to +V
Would you like/ Will you -> invited + sb + to + V
1 She asked him for another glass of wine
2 She asked me to bring her a book
3 My mother asked him to open the window
4 He asked me to shut the door after me
Trang 135 The captain told them to wait there till he came back.
6 She told her to take it and come with her
7 He told me not to come back before one o’clock
8 My mother recommended me to look at the door
9 He asked his brother to open the door, not the window
10 He asked the girl to sit on that chair, not on his bed
………
f Reported speech with gerund
Reported vebs + V-ing
* Reported verbs :deny, admit, suggest, regret
Ex: He said to me; “Let’s go home.”
-> He suggested going home
Reported verbs + Preposition + Ving…
* Reported verbs : dream of, object to, insist on, complain about, think of, look
forward to
Ex: “I’ll help you with your physics exercise,” Peter said to Susan
-> Peter insisted on helping Susan with her physics exercise.
Reported verbs + Object + Preposition + Ving…
* Reported verbs : thank sb for, accuse sb of, congratulate sb on, apologize sb
for, warn sb against, prevent sb from, stop sb from…
Ex1: “It was nice of you to help me Thank you very much,” Tom said toyou
-> Tom thanked me for helping him.
Ex2: “I’m sorry I’m late,” Peter said
-> Peter apologized for being late.
g.Mixed forms in reported speech)
EX: 1 He said, “Can you play the guitar?” and I said “No”
He asked me if I could play the guitar and I said that I couldn’t
2 “I don’t know the way Do you? He asked
He said that he didn’t know the way and asked her if she knew it
3 “I’m going to shopping Can I get you something? She said
She said that she was going to shopping and asked if she could get me anything
EXERCISE 7
1 “I feel like going to America soon”
The woman looked forward to ……… …………
2 “It’s really nice of you to help me”, Peter said to Jack
Peter thanked………….for ……… ……
3 “Don’t play games on computer all day”, Tom’s mother said to him
Tom’s mother warned …… against ………
4 “I hear you passed your driving test Congratulation!” Peter said to me
Peter congratulated ……… on ……… …………
Trang 145 “I’m sory I didn’t do my homework,” John said to his English teacher.
John apologised ………… for ………… ………
6 “I always want to become an English teacher,” Mary said
Mary dreamed of ……… …
7 “Certainly I’ll take you to the zoo next Sunday”
He insisted………
8 ‘You have made the wall dirty, pupils” said the teacher
The teacher accused………
9 “No, we didn’t make noise last night” said the children
The children denied……….…………
10 Shall we meet outside the cinema after eight” he said
He suggested………
KEY
1 The woman looked forward to going to America
2 Peter thanked Jack for helping him
3 Tom’s mother warned him against playing game on computer all day
4 Peter congratulated me on passing my driving test
5 John apologized his English teacher for not having done his homework
6 Mary dreamed of being an English teacher
7 He instead on taking me to the zoo the following Sunday
8 The teacher accused the pupils of having made the wall dirty
9 The children denied having made noise the previous night
10 He suggested meeting outside the cinema after eight
PHẦN 2: BÀI TẬP THỰC HÀNH Exercise 1:Rewrite following sentences so that the meaning stay the same.
1.”If I were you, I wouldn’t buy this car”
He advised 2.”Shall I carry your suitcase, Lan?”said Nam
Nam offered 3.”Yes, all right,I’ll share the food with you, Dave.”
Ann agreed 4.”Sue, can you remember to buy some bread?”
Paul reminded 5.”Don’t touch anything in this room”, the man said to the children
The man ordered 6.”I must go home to make the dinner”, said Mary
Mary 7.”Are you going to Ho Chi Minh City next week?” Tom asked me
Tom asked