James A O’Brien Introduction to Information Systems Chapter Computer Software Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2001, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc All rights res James A O’Brien Introduction to Information Systems Chapter Objectives • Describe several major trends occurring in computer software • Give examples of several major types of application and system software • Explain the purpose of several popular software packages for end user productivity and collaborative computing • Outline the functions of an operating system • Describe the main uses of high-level, fourthgeneration, object-oriented, and web-oriented languages and tools Irwin/McGraw-Hill James A O’Brien Introduction to Information Systems Categories of Computer Software Computer Computer Software Software System System Software Software Application Application Software Software GeneralGeneralPurpose Purpose Programs Programs Irwin/McGraw-Hill ApplicationApplicationSpecific Specific Programs Programs System System Management Management Programs Programs System System Development Development Programs Programs James A O’Brien Introduction to Information Systems Trends in Computer Software First Second Third Fourth Generation Generation Generation Generation Fifth Generation Trend: Toward Easy-to-Use Multipurpose Network-Enabled Application Packages for Productivity and Collaboration User-Written Programs Machine Languages Packaged Programs Symbolic Languages Operating Systems High-Level Languages DBMS Fourth-Generation Languages Microcomputer Packages Natural & Object-Oriented Languages Multipurpose Graphic- Interface Network-Enabled Expert-Assisted Packages Trend: Toward Visual or Conversational Programming Languages and Tools Irwin/McGraw-Hill James A O’Brien Introduction to Information Systems Common General- Purpose Applications • • • • • • Electronic Mail Word Processing Presentation Graphics Multimedia Personal Information Manager Groupware Irwin/McGraw-Hill James A O’Brien Introduction to Information Systems Web Browsers Discussion Groups Surf the Net Launch Information Searches Typical uses of a Web Browser in Internet, Intranet, and Extranet Environments Multimedia File Transfer Irwin/McGraw-Hill E-Mail James A O’Brien Introduction to Information Systems Database Management Packages Database Development Database Interrogation Primary Tasks of Database Management Packages Database Maintenance Irwin/McGraw-Hill Application Development James A O’Brien Introduction to Information Systems Multimedia Technologies Video Video Capture Capture Card Card Authoring Authoring Language Language Storyboard Storyboard Sound SoundBoard Board Key Technologies of Multimedia MIDI MIDI Interactive Interactive Video Video Irwin/McGraw-Hill Digital Digital Video Video Interactive Interactive Compact Compact Disk Disk Interactive Interactive Compressed Compressed Audio Audio Computer Computer Edit Edit System System Digital DigitalAudio Audio James A O’Brien Introduction to Information Systems Business Enterprise Application Software Accounting and Financial Management Customer Relationship Management Irwin/McGraw-Hill Human Resource Management Supply Chain Management Business Decision Support Enterprise Resource Planning James A O’Brien Introduction to Information Systems Functions of an Operating System User Interface Resource Management Irwin/McGraw-Hill Task Management File Management Utilities and Other Functions James A O’Brien 1 Introduction to Information Systems Categories of Programming Languages Machine Languages High Level Languages Markup Languages Use binary coded Use brief statements Use embedded instructions control codes 1001 1001 First heading Compute X = Y + Z Assembler Languages Fourth Generation Object-Oriented Use symbolic coded Languages Languages Use natural statements Define objects that instructions LOD Y ADD Z Irwin/McGraw-Hill SUM THE FOLLOWING NUMBERS contain data and actions Document.write (“Hi There”) James A O’Brien Introduction to Information Systems Programming Language Translation IF A := B THEN • Compiler • Interpreter • Assembler Language Translator Program 1001101 1110101 0010110 Source Program Written in BASIC, COBOL, etc Irwin/McGraw-Hill Language Translation Process Machine Language Object Program James A O’Brien Introduction to Information Systems Chapter Summary • Computer software consists of two major types of programs: application software that directs the performance of a particular end user task, and system software that controls and supports the operations of a computer system • Application software includes a variety of programs that can be segregated into generalpurpose and application-specific categories Irwin/McGraw-Hill James A O’Brien Introduction to Information Systems Chapter Summary (cont) • System software can be subdivided into system management programs and system development programs The former is used to manage hardware, software, networks, and data resources The latter is used by IS specialists to develop computer programs • An operating system is an integrated system of programs that supervises the operations of the CPU Irwin/McGraw-Hill James A O’Brien Introduction to Information Systems Chapter Summary (cont) • There are major levels of programming languages Language translator programs convert programming language instructions into machine language instructions Irwin/McGraw-Hill ... A O’Brien Introduction to Information Systems Trends in Computer Software First Second Third Fourth Generation Generation Generation Generation Fifth Generation Trend: Toward Easy -to- Use Multipurpose... Network-Enabled Expert-Assisted Packages Trend: Toward Visual or Conversational Programming Languages and Tools Irwin/McGraw-Hill James A O’Brien Introduction to Information Systems Common General- Purpose... Multimedia Personal Information Manager Groupware Irwin/McGraw-Hill James A O’Brien Introduction to Information Systems Web Browsers Discussion Groups Surf the Net Launch Information Searches