James A O’Brien Introduction to Information Systems Chapter Computer Hardware Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2001, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc All rights res James A O’Brien Introduction to Information Systems Chapter Objectives • Identify the major types, trends, and uses of microcomputer, midrange, and mainframe computer systems • Outline the major technologies and uses of computer peripherals for input, output, and storage • Identify and give examples of the components and functions of a computer system Irwin/McGraw-Hill James A O’Brien Introduction to Information Systems Chapter Objectives • Identify the computer systems and peripherals you would acquire or recommend for a business of your choice, and explain the reasons for your selections Irwin/McGraw-Hill James A O’Brien Introduction to Information Systems Trends in Computer System Capabilities First Second Third Fourth Fifth First Second Third Fourth Fifth Generation Generation Generation Generation Generation Generation Generation Generation Generation Generation Trend: Toward Smaller, Faster, More Reliable, and Less Costly Vacuum Vacuum Tubes Tubes Solid-State Solid-State Integrated Integrated Circuits Circuits LSI, LSI, VLSI VLSI MicroMicroprocessors processors Greater Greater Power, Power, Smaller Smaller Footprint Footprint Trend: Toward Easy to Purchase, and Easy to Maintain Irwin/McGraw-Hill James A O’Brien Introduction to Information Systems Computer System Categories Mainframe Computers Irwin/McGraw-Hill Midrange Computers Microcomputers James A O’Brien Introduction to Information Systems Microcomputer Systems • Handheld Computers – PDA, Information Appliances • Notebook Computers • Desktop Computers • Workstations Irwin/McGraw-Hill James A O’Brien Introduction to Information Systems Network Computers and Terminals • Network Computer (Thin Client) • NetPC • Network Terminal Irwin/McGraw-Hill Benefits • Lower purchase cost • Easier maintenance • Easier software distribution and licensing • Computer platform standardization • Reduced end user support requirements • Improved manageability James A O’Brien Introduction to Information Systems Client Server Networking Host Host Systems/ Systems/ Superservers Superservers Client Systems Irwin/McGraw-Hill Servers Servers James A O’Brien Introduction to Information Systems Computer System Components Central Central Processing Processing Unit Unit Input Devices Irwin/McGraw-Hill Control Unit ALU Special Primary Cache Purpose Memory Storage Processors Secondary Storage Devices Output Devices James A O’Brien Introduction to Information Systems Input Technology Trends First Second Third First Second Third Generation Generation Generation Generation Generation Punched Punched Cards Cards Paper Paper Tape Tape Punched Punched Cards Cards Key Key to to Tape/ Tape/ Disk Disk Fourth Fourth Generation Fifth Fifth Generation Generation Keyboard Keyboard Data Data Entry Entry Pointing Devices Pointing Devices Optical Optical Scanning Scanning Voice Voice Recognition Recognition Speech Speech and and Touch Devices Touch Devices Handwriting Handwriting Recognition Recognition Trend: Towards Direct Input Devices that Are More Natural and Easy to Use Irwin/McGraw-Hill James A O’Brien 1 Introduction to Information Systems Common Input Devices • • • • • • Keyboard Pointing Devices Pen Based Computing Speech Recognition Optical Scanning Magnetic Ink Character Recognition • Smart Cards • Digital Cameras Irwin/McGraw-Hill James A O’Brien Introduction to Information Systems Output Technology Trends First Second Third Fourth Fifth First Second Third Fourth Fifth Generation Generation Generation Generation Generation Generation Generation Generation Generation Generation Punched Punched Cards Cards Printed Printed Reports Reports and Documents and Documents Punched Punched Cards Cards Printed Printed Reports Reports and Documents and Documents Video Video Displays Displays Video Displays Video Displays Printed Printed Reports Reports Audio Responses Voice Voice Responses Responses Audio Responses and Documents Hyperlinked and Documents Printed Reports Hyperlinked Printed Reports Video Displays Multimedia Video Displays Multimedia and and Documents Documents Documents Documents Trend: Towards Output Methods that Communicate Naturally, Quickly, and Clearly Irwin/McGraw-Hill James A O’Brien Introduction to Information Systems Common Output Devices • Video Output – CRT – LCD • Printed Output – Inkjet – Laser Irwin/McGraw-Hill James A O’Brien Introduction to Information Systems Storage Trends Primary Primary Storage Storage First Second Third Fourth Fifth First Second Third Fourth Fifth Generation Generation Generation Generation Generation Generation Generation Generation Generation Generation Magnetic Magnetic Drum Drum Magnetic Magnetic Core Core Magnetic Magnetic Core Core VLSI LSI VLSI LSI Semiconductor Semiconductor Semiconductor Semiconductor Memory Memory Chips Chips Memory Chips Chips Memory Trend: Towards Large Capacities Using Smaller Microelectronic Circuits Secondary Secondary Storage Storage Magnetic Magnetic Tape Tape Magnetic Magnetic Drum Drum Magnetic Magnetic Disk Disk Magnetic Optical Magnetic Tape Tape Magnetic Magnetic Disk Disk Optical Disk Disk Optical Disk Optical Disk Magnetic Magnetic Disk Disk Magnetic Magnetic Tape Tape Magnetic Tape Magnetic Magnetic Disk Disk Magnetic Tape Trend: Towards Massive Capacities Using Magnetic and Optical Media Irwin/McGraw-Hill James A O’Brien Primary Storage Direct Access Sequential Access Direct Access Secondary Storage Optical Optical Disks Disks CD-ROM, CD-ROM, CD-R CD-R CD-RW CD-RW DVD DVD Irwin/McGraw-Hill Semiconductor Semiconductor Memory Memory Magnetic Magnetic Tape Tape St Acc or es ag s Co e C Spe ap ed st ac I pe r B ity ncr De ea it s In cr crea es ea se ses s Primary & Secondary Storage Media Magnetic Magnetic Disks Disks Floppy Floppy Disk Disk Hard Hard Disk, Disk, RAID RAID Introduction to Information Systems James A O’Brien Introduction to Information Systems Chapter Summary • A computer system is a system of information processing components that perform input, processing, output, storage and control functions • The hardware components in a computer include input and output devices, a central processing unit (CPU), and primary and secondary storage • There are three major categories of computers: microcomputers, midrange computers and mainframe computers Irwin/McGraw-Hill James A O’Brien Introduction to Information Systems Chapter Summary (cont) • Microcomputers are used as personal computers, but are also interconnected in a variety of telecommunications networks • Midrange computers are increasingly being used as powerful network servers and for many multi-user business data processing and scientific applications • Mainframe computers are larger and more powerful and are used to handle information processing needs for large organizations Irwin/McGraw-Hill James A O’Brien Introduction to Information Systems Chapter Summary (cont) • Peripheral devices used for input and output come in a variety shape and sizes Future trends are towards devices that communicate naturally and are quick and easier to use Irwin/McGraw-Hill ... Hard Disk, Disk, RAID RAID Introduction to Information Systems James A O’Brien Introduction to Information Systems Chapter Summary • A computer system is a system of information processing components... Output – Inkjet – Laser Irwin/McGraw-Hill James A O’Brien Introduction to Information Systems Storage Trends Primary Primary Storage Storage First Second Third Fourth Fifth First Second Third... Semiconductor Semiconductor Semiconductor Semiconductor Memory Memory Chips Chips Memory Chips Chips Memory Trend: Towards Large Capacities Using Smaller Microelectronic Circuits Secondary Secondary Storage