Schaben/AFP/Getty Im ages; pg.61 before Charlie Gray/ Contour by G etty Im ages, after K en McKay/Rex; pg.63 theater Bob O'Connor/Getty Im ages, Kong AF archive/Alamy; pg.65 Shed-Media;
Trang 2ENGLISH FILE
Christina Latham-Koenig
Clive Oxenden
Paul Seligson and Clive Oxenden are the original co-authors of
English File 1 and English File 2
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Blu e Je a n Images/Getty Im ages, Im age Source/Corbis, Yuri Arcurs/
T etra Images/Corbis, W avebreak Media Ltd./Corbis; pg.6 (market) Alessandro Della Valle/Keystone/Corbis, (Steve) Steve Anderson; pg.7 (escargot) Miscellaneoustock/Alanry, (shrimp) Yiap Creative/Alamy, (dessert) Davide Piras/Alamy, (chicken) Iain Bagwell/Getty Im ages, (mussels) Steve Anderson; pg.8 Gerard Fritz/Getty Im ages; pg.9 (bike) PhotoAlto/Superstock, (grandma) Rena Latham-Koenig; pg.10 Tim Lott; pg 11 (Sarah Lee) Loop Im ages Ltd/Alamy, (girl) ableimages/
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C ollection, (E l) Universal/fhe Kobal C ollection, (Minority Report)
2 0 th Century Fox/Dreamworks/The Kobal Collection, (Catch M e I f You Can) Dreamworks/The Kobal Collecuon/Cooper, Andrew; pg.57 Courtesy o f Dagm ara W alkowicz; p g 5 8 (Martin) PhotoAlto/Alamy, (Phone) Cyberstock/Alamy, (Annabel) Mark Roberts/Gctty Images, (Sean) Paper Boat Creative/Getty Im ages, (Sarah) Guido Mieth/Getty
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G etty Im ages (Vertigo) Paramount/The Kobal Collection/Bass, Saul, (Breakfast a t Tiffanys) Courtesy Everett Collection/Rex; pg.98 (Wood) Steve Schapiro/Corbis, (Splendour) Silver Screen Collection/Getty
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Im ages, (reader) David Paul Morris/BIoomberg v ia G etty Images; pg.103 (Dylan) Popperfoto/Getty Im ages; pg 1(M Steve Stock/Alamy;
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Im ages, (Rutterschm idt) Allen J Schaben/AFP/Getty Im ages, (Toure)
A drian Dennis/AFP/Getty Im ages, (McVey) Rex Features; p g l 10 (Teny) Albert Pena/Icon SMI/Corbis, (feet) M ark Thompson/AUsport/
G etty Im ages; pg.113 (Sofia) WestendGl/Corbis, (Angela) OUP/Blend
Im ages; p g 1 14 KidStock/Gctty Im ages; pg 115 (subway) Ju an Antonio/AGE fotostock, (m etrocard) Bora/Alamy, (bike) Stan I Ionda/ AFP/Getty Im ages, (bus) wdstock/istockphoto, (taxi bottom ) hanusst/ istockphoto, (taxi top) Songquan D eng/Shutterstockcom ; pg.117 Paramount/The Kobal C ollection; pg.118 (Thailand) Viacheslav Khmelnytskyi/Alamy (Mexico) Jo h n Edward Linden/Arcaid/Corbis;
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Ju stin Kase ztwoz/Alamy, (8 top) imagebroker/Alamy, (9 top) Bill Cobb/SuperStock, (1 bottom ) Tom And Steve/Getty Images, (2 bottom ) C h ris Ryan/Getty Im ages, (3 bottom ) Ste llar Stock/
M asterfile, (4 bottom ) Ian Dagnall/Alamy, (5 bottom ) kickstand/Getty
Im ages, (6 bottom ) M ichael Runkel/Alamy, (7 bottom ) Jo h n Nordell/
G etty Im ages, (8 bottom ) Peter Ptschelinzew/Getty Images, (9 bottom ) T etra Images/Alainy, (10 bottom ) AKP Photos/Alamy, (11 bottom ) StacieStauffSm ith Photos/shutterstock, (12 bottom ) Bo Zaunders/Corbis, (13 bottom ) Alan Schein/Corbis, (14 bottom ) J'lB Media Creation Inc./Alamy, p g 157 (1) Caro/Alamy, (2 left) imagebroker/Alamy, (2 right) VisitBritain/Andrew Orchard/Getty
Im ages, (3) M atthew Ashton/AMA/Corbis (4) Corbis Super RF/Alamy, (5) Jon ath an Larscn/Diadem Images/Alainy, (6) M ark Davidson/ Alamy, (7) D m itry Korotayev/Epsilon/Getty Im ages, (8) Stadium Bank/ Alamy, (9) Sco tt W Grau/Icon SMI/Corbis; pg 159 (1) New Line/The Kobal Collection/Bridges, Jam es, (2) 20 th Century Fox/The Kobal Collection, (3, T h e Help) D ream w orks LLC/The Kobal Collection, (4) Zoetrope/Unitcd Artists/The K o tol C ollection, (5) W arn er Bros./The Kobal Collection/Buitendijk, Jaap, (6) Hammer/The Kobal Collection, (7 ,1 0 ) Touchstone Pictures/The K o tol C ollection, (8) W arn er Bros/
T h e Kotol Collection, (9) Lucasfilm/20th C entuiy Fox/The K otol Collection, (11) Universal/Studio Canal/WorkingTitle/The Kobal Collection/Sparham, Laurie, (12) M organ Creek International/Ihe Kobal Collection/Farmer, J ; pg.160 (1) PBWPIX/Alamy, (2) Fancy Collection/SuperStock, (3) Jen n a Woodward Photography/Getty
Im ages, (4) Ocean/Corbis, (5) D Hurst/Alamy, (6) Somos/Superstoek, (7) altrendo images/Getty Im ages, (8) Philipp Nemenz/Getty Images, (9) OUP/Masterfile, (10) W in Initiative/Getty Im ages, (1 1 ,1 8 ) OUP/ BananaStock, (12) Karen Spencer/Alamy, (13) Silas Manhood//\lamy, (14) Lusoimages-Abstract/Alamy, (15) W illiam Radcliffe/Science Faction/Corbis, (16) PhotoAlto/Alamy, (17) Aflo Foto Agency/Alamy, (19) KrisTimken/Getty Im ages (20) Ju a n Silva/Getty Im ages; pg.161 (UK) k eith morris/Aiamy, (US) W ill & D eni Mclntyre/Corbis; pg.162 (m odem ) Fotosearch/Getty Im ages, (rustic) Sou th ern Stock/C.etty
Im ages; pg 163 (crowd) Tomas Abad/Alamy, (beach) Jo h n Short/
D esign Pics/Corbis.
C om m issioned photography by: G areth Boden p p 2 6 ,2 7 ,3 0 (two dads
in park), 3 8 (m obile phone) 6 8 ,7 5 (M acbook pro Tiffany heart necklace) Ryder Haske: p p 1 2 ,1 3 ,3 2 ,3 3 ,5 2 ,5 3 ,7 2 ,7 3 ,9 2 ,9 3 MM studios pp.96 (Beatles albu m Penguin books), p.152 (m eat, fish and vegetable groups).
Pronunrialion cha rt artw ork by Ellis Nadler
U lustrationsby: P eter Bull: p p 2 0 -2 1 ,2 5 ,1 1 6 ; Mark Duffin: 81 ; Alex Green/Folio Art: p 1 0 0 -1 0 1 ; Olivier Latyk/Good Illustration Ltd:
p p 3 4 ,3 5 ,9 0 ,1 3 8 ,1 6 2 ; Lyndon Hayes/Dutch Uncle: p p 1 6 ,1 9 ,3 0 ,5 9 ,
7 6 - 7 7 ,8 0 ; Astushi Hara/Dutch Uncle: p p 4 9 ,7 9 ,1 2 0 ,1 3 3 ,1 3 4 ,1 3 5 ,
1 3 7 ,1 3 8 ,1 4 2 ,1 4 3 ,1 4 4 ,1 4 5 ,1 4 8 ,1 4 9 ,1 5 0 ,1 5 1 ,1 5 6 ,1 5 8 ,1 6 1 ,1 6 4 ; Sop hie Joyce: p.47; Jon ath an Krause: p 64; T im M ans: p p 50-51,
Trang 4G ram m ar V ocabu lary Pronunciation
6
54 A Shot on location passives (all tenses) movies sentence stress
58 B Judging by appearances modals of deduction: might, can't,
must
62 REVIEW & CHECK 5&6 8 4 On the street; Short movies Iconic movie locations
7
64 A Extraordinary school for
boys
first conditional and future time
clauses + when, until, etc.
J§) make and let
68 B Ideal home second conditional houses sentence stress
72 8 4 PRACTICAL ENGLISH Episode 4 Boys'night out
78 B What’s the right job for you? gerunds and infinitives work word stress
82 REVIEWS CHECK 7&8 8 4 On the street; Short movies Trinity College, Dublin
9
84 A Lucky encounters third conditional making adjectives and adverbs sentence stress
88 B Too much information! quantifiers
) separable phrasal verbs
92 8 4 PRACTICAL ENGLISH Episode 5 Unexpected events
1 0
94 A Modern icons relative clauses: defining and
nondefining
98 B Two crime stories tag questions crime intonation in tag
questions
102 REVIEW S CHECK 9S10 8 4 On the street; Short movies Brooklyn Bridge
106 Communication 142 Grammar Bank 165 Irregular verbs
117 Writing 159 Vocabulary Bank 166 Sound Bank
127 Listening
Contents
Trang 5Where w as the movie
sh o t?
Highclere Castle n ear Newbury in Berkshire, UK
Earl and Countess Carnarvon currently live there In 2010, movie director
Julian Fellowes, a close friend of the family, was planning a new TV series
about an aristocratic family and their servants during the early 20th century
While he was staying at Highclere Castle, he realized that it would be the
perfect place to set his historical drama, and the castle w as2 _ into
Downton Abbey, the home of the fictional Crawley family The series was a
huge success, and it has been sold all over the world Both the interior and
exterior scenes were shot in and around the castle itself.
In the second season of the TV series, the castle is used as a hospital during
the First World War These scenes a re 3 _ on a real-life event In 1914,
Lady Almina Carnarvon allowed soldiers who had been wounded to be taken
care of in the castle.
Cortlandt Alley
New York City, USA
metropolis is full of secret alleys where crimes take place, and criminals are chased by the police In fact, there are hardly any alleys in New York today at all Ont
of the few remaining ones, Cortlandt Alley, has been 2 _ for almost all the alley scenes in movies and TV series that are set in New York City Movies with
and Men in Black 3, and TV series like Blue Bloods, Boardwalk Empire, NYPD Blue, and Law & Order.
1 READING
G p a ssive (all tenses)
V m ovies
P sentence s tr e s s
a L o o k at th e p h o to s w ith th e article D o they rem ind you o f
any m ovies o r T V series th a t you have seen?
b N ow read th e article and com p lete it w ith a past p articip le
fro m th e list.
based designed inhabited inspired owned
photographed transformed used welcomed
G o th ere
G o th ere
Highclere Castle and gardens are open to the public during
the Easter holidays and during the summer—from July to
September It is also open on many Sundays and holidays
from 10:30 a.m to 6:00 p.m Visit the Egyptian Gallery,
which contains many objects brought back from his travels
by I.ady Almina’s husband,
the fifth Earl of Carnarvon,
who famously discovered
t he tomb of the young
Pharaoh Tutankhamun
www.highclerecastle.co.uk
Thousands of tourists want to b e 5 _
in Cortlandt Alley It is on the edge of Chinatown,
in Manhat tan, between Franklin Street and Canal Street In fact, it is a perfectly safe place to visit In real life, it is n o t6 _by gangsters, but is the home
for perfectly respectable businesses such as the New York Table Tennis Federation Training Center.
5 4
I think it
w as sh o t in New York.
Trang 6Casa Loma
Toronto, Canada
spectacular tower, w as7 _ by
Canadian architect E.J Lennox The original
owner, Sir Henry Mill Pellatt spent $3.5 million
and hired 300 workers to construct the building
After three years, the castle was finally completed
in 1914 Unfortunately, in 1933, ihe city of Toronto
seized Casa Loma from Pellatt for nonpayment
o f taxes After several years of neglect, the castle
was scheduled for demolition, but it was saved by
the Kiwanis Club—a service club that helps the
homeless, the hungry, and other disadvantaged
people The club still holds meetings there today!
During World War II, equipment designed to find
underwater enemy boats was made in the castle
Because of its unusual look, the castle has been
used as a location in several well-known movies
the World In addition, author Eric Wilson was
8 _ by this building to write the novel
The Lost Treasure o f Casa Loma.
G o th ere
Visitors are 9 _ throughout the year.
However, some areas of the caslle may be closed to
the public due to prebooked functions The castle
is open daily from 9:30 a.m to 5:00 p.m It’s closed
on December 25th, Christmas Day Guided garden
tours are available from May through October
www.casaloma.org
c
d
2 GRAMMAR passive (all tenses)
p resen t passive, th e p ast passive, th e p resen t p e rfe c t passive, th e past p e rfect passive, and a passive in fin itiv e H ow do you fo rm
th e passive? W h a t p art o f th e passive ch an ges w hen you w a n t to chan ge th e tense?
p ractice it.
R ead th e a rticle again A n sw er th e q u estio n s w ith A (H igh clere
C astle ), B (C o rtla n d t A lley), o r C (C a sa Lom a).
W h ich p lace ?
1 is not really as it seem s in movies
2 has a perm anent exhibition there
3 was used for the same th ing both in real life and on T V
4 a place that inspired an author to
w rite a novel about it
5 is one o f the few places o f its kind that still exists
6 is only open during holiday periods
7 was taken from its owner
8 was used to make equipment for a war Have you seen any o f th e m ovies or
T V series m en tion ed ? W h ic h o f the
th ree places w ould you m o st lik e to visit? W hy?
3 PRONUNCIATION sentence stress
rectan gles.
(unstressed) w ords are T h e n listen again to check and w rite them in.
b o o k
Trang 74 VOCABULARY movies 6 SPEAKING & LISTENING
h ighlighted p h rases m ean?
1 C ortlan d t Alley has been used for alm ost all the alley scenes in
movies and T V series that are set in New York.
2 T h ese scenes are based on a real-life event.
3 B oth the in terior and exterior scenes w ere shot in and around the
castle itself.
1 a plot and a script
2 a horror movie and a th riller
3 a m usical and a soundtrack
4 the m ain cast and the extras
5 SPEAKING
reason s.
DO YOU P R E F E R ?
- seeing m ovies at home or in the movie theater
- seeing a) American movies
b) other foreign m ovies c) m ovies from your country
- seeing foreign m ovies dubbed orwith subtitles
T E L L M E A B O U T A R E A L L Y GOOD M O V IE Y O U ’V E S E E N T H IS Y E A R
- What kind of movie is it?
- Is it based on a book or on a real event?
- Where and when is it set?
- W ho’s in it? Who is it directed by?
- Does it have a good plot?
- Does it have a good soundtrack?
- W hy did you like it?
in fo rm a tio n as you can D o you have s im ila r tastes?
m ovies W h a t kinds o f m ovies are they? Have you seen any o f th em ? W h a t are they about?
W h a t do you th in k they have in com m on?
i War H orse
Indiana Jones and the Temple o f Doom
E.T the Extra-Terrestrial
Trang 8b N ow lo o k at so m e p h o to s o f Stev en Sp ielb erg and
D ag m ara W alk o w icz, w ho w orked as an in te rp re te r on
one o f h is m ovies In pairs, an sw er th e qu estion s.
1 W here do you th ink they are?
2 W hich Spielberg movie do you th in k w as being made?
3 W hat do you think D agm ara is doing in the photo on
the right?
4 D o you th ink D agm ara found Spielberg easy to
work with?
d L iste n again and m ark the se n te n ce s T (true) or
1 W hen the m ovie com pany cam e to Krakow, D agm ara
was working as a teacher.
2 She got a p art-tim e job doing translations for them
3 T h ere was party at the hotel to celebrate Spielberg’s
birthday.
4 W hen she arrived, she was asked to interpret
Spielberg’s speech, because the interpreter was late.
5 Spielberg was very happy w ith the way she had done
her job.
What she had to do during the movie
go to the movie set every day, translate Spielberg's instructions
The w orst thing about the job One especially difficult scene What it was like to work with Spielberg Being an extra
What happened after the movie w as finished
D o you th in k she m ade th e righ t d ecision in th e end?
7 WRITING
a m ovie.
Trang 9G m odals of deduction: might, can't, m ust
V the body
P diphthongs
Sh e can’t be his mother Sh e m ust
be his sister.
No, sh e ’s his mother Sh e looks very yo u n g for her age.
1 READING & SPEAKING
a A n sw er th e q u estio n s in pairs.
1 D o you have a profile photo o f you rself that you use on
social netw orking sites, or on your ID ?
2 W hy did you choose it?
3 W hat do you th in k the photo says about you?
b L o o k at th e four p rofile p h otos W h y do you th in k the
people have ch o sen th ese photos?
c R ead th e article and com p lete it w ith th e headings
below T h e n lo o k at th e fo u r p h otos again W h ic h o f
th e 12 categ o ries do you th in k they b elon g to?
A Photo of you as a child
B Vacation photo
C Logo of your business or company
D Photo with a celebrity
E Photo with a partner
F Photo with your baby or child
d R ead th e article again L o o k at the highlighted phrases
W ith a p artn er, try to fig u re ou t th eir m eaning.
e T h in k ab ou t th e p ro file p h o to s or ID card p h otos o f
you r fam ily and frien d s W h ic h categ o ries do they fit
in? D o you agree w ith th e text? H as th e a rticle m ade
you w an t to chan ge you r p ro file p ictu re? W h y (not)?
What does your profile picture say about you?
W hether it's a photo of you on a night out or of you with your newborn baby, the image you choose to represent you on social netw orking site s sa y s a lot about you.
Profile pictures on Facebook and similar sites are the visual projection to friends and family of w ho you are and
w hat you are like On Twitter, where people follow both friends and strangers, profile pictures are smaller and perhaps more significant They are often the first and only visual introduction people have to each other.
So w hat does your profile photo say about you?
Trang 10According to communications consultant Terry
typ e s of profile pictures.
1 The professionally taken photo
You use social media mainly for business or
career purposes.
You want to show what you have achieved
in your family life and are generally more
interested in a response from women than
from men.
You see your other half as the most
important thing in your life, and you see
yourself as one half of a couple.
4 Having fun with friends
Generally young and carefree, you want to
project an image of being fun and popular.
5 _
You are a bit of an escapist and eager to
show a different side of yourself from what
you do on a day-to-day basis.
This kind of image says that you don't really
want to grow up and face the future You are
nostalgic for your childhood.
7 Caricature
Using a caricature is a way of saying that
your image isn't rigid and that you don't take
yourself too seriously.
8 Photo related to your name, but not
actually you (a shop sign or product label
for example)
You want to be identifiable, but you feel your
name is more important than what you look
like.
9 Photo related to your political beliefs or a
team that you support
You think that your beliefs and interests are
more important than your personality.
You think that showing yourself with a well-
known person will make you seem more
You only use social media in a professional
capacity, and you identify more with your
work role than with your private life.
Adapted from The Irish Times
D escrib e th e four pictures w ith a partner.
3 PRONUNCIATION diphthongs
rep eat th e five w ords and sounds.
bite eyes face mouth nose outgoing pointy shoulders smile taste throw toes voice
Trang 115 GRAMMAR modals of deduction
a L o o k at th e p h otos o f th ree p eople T h e n in tw o m inu tes,
m atch th ree sen ten ces w ith each person.
I I He / she m ight be a crim inal.
j He / she m ight not know how to use the Internet.
I I He / she could be a model.
] H e / she could be G erm an or Scandinavian.
I I He / she may not have a job.
] He / she may be a m illionaire.
I I His / her hair m ust be dyed.
] He / she m ust be retired.
I I He / she can ’t be a business person.
c > - Communication Ju d g in g b y a p p e a r a n c e s p.106 Fin d ou t about
th e th ree people D id you guess co rrectly ?
might _ _
about m odals o f deduction and p ractice them
6 LISTENING & READING
a
b
In pairs, lo o k at the
m an in th e ph oto M ake
sen ten ces ab ou t h im using
m ight I m ay / cou ld (not) be,
must be, or ca n ’t b e and
w ords fro m th e list.
1 W h ere were the speaker
and her friend, Ny?
2 W hat were they doing
w hen they saw the m an?
3 W h at did he look like?
4 W hat did Ny w ant
to do?
5 W hat did the speaker do?
L iste n and fin d ou t W h o w as th e m an?
D o you know w ho she is? C a n you gu ess why she has changed h er ap p earan ce?
e R ead th e a rticle o n ce and ch o o se th e b est sum m ary.
1 W e now realize that it is w rong to judge people by their appearance.
2 judging people by appearance can be useful and is often right.
3 I f you try to judge people by th eir appearance, you w ill usually be w rong about them.
1 M ost people predicted that Susan Boyle would be successful as a singer.
2 A fter her appearance on TV , people started saying that we shouldn't judge people by th eir appearance.
3 Scien tists th ink that judging by appearance is an
Trang 12Yes appearance matters.
im m ediately th ought that she looked like a
her cat (which in fact she was) N obody th ought for a minute
that she had a chance of d o in g well on the show, or could
ever becom e a star But when she opened her mouth and
everybody w as amazed After the
video of her perform ance went
viral, journalists started talking
about how w rong it is to stereotype
people into categories, and how we
should learn, once and for all, “not to
judge a book by its cover.”
m ost stereotypes are linked to ju d gin g whether a person looks dangerous or not “In prehistoric times, it was
im portant to stay away from people who looked aggressive and dominant,” she said.
O ne reason w hy our brains pe rsist in u sin g stereotypes, experts say, is that often they give u s generally accurate
inform ation, even if all the details aren’t right
M s Boyle’s appearance, for example, accurately told u s a lot about her, including her socioeconom ic level and lack of worldly experience.
People’s e nthusiasm for Su sa n Boyle, and for other un de rdo gs who end up winning, is unlikely to
stop us from stereotyping people T h is m ay be one
of the re asons why, although M s Boyle expressed the hope that
“m aybe this could teach them a lesson, or set
an example,”
she did begin
to change her appearance,
w earing makeup,
d y in g her gray hair, and ap pe aring in more stylish clothing.
Adapted from The New York Times
But social scientists sa y that
there are reasons why we
judge people based on how
they look O n a very basic
level, ju dgin g people by
their appearance m eans
putting them quickly into
categories In the past,
being able to do this was
vitally important, and
hum ans developed the
ability to judge other
said that traditionally,
g Find a w ord or ph rase in th e article fo r th e d efin itio n s
4 w hat social class she is and
how much money she has
Paragraph 4
5 _ people who are not expected to succeed
1 D o you th ink people in your country tend to judge oth er people by th eir appearance? In what way?
2 How im portant do you th ink appearance is for the follow ing people?
D o you th ink it is right that their appearance m atters?
3 On w hat occasions mightjyoH judge som eone by their appearance?
Trang 135&6 Review and Check
(C ircle ) a, b, o r c.
1 E llio t served, but the b a ll _into the net.
a w ent b was going c had gone
2 T h e athlete fell at the end o f the race when s h e _
toward the finishing line.
a run b was ru nning c had run
3 I didn’t realize that you tw o _before.
a didn’t m eet b w eren’t m eeting c hadn’t m et
4 A I can’t find my glasses anywhere.
B _ them w hen you left hom e th is m orning?
a Did you wear b Were you wearing c Had you worn
5 _w alk to work, or do you drive?
a D o you use to b D o you usually c U se you to
6 W hen I was a child I _like vegetables.
a don’t used to b didn't used to c didn’t use to
7 _play any sports when you were in college?
a Did you use to b U se you to c Did you used to
8 A lot o f fam ous m o v ies _in C ortlandt Alley.
a have shot b have been shot c has been shot
9 H e’s an actor w ho h a te s _about his private life.
a asking b being asking c being asked
10 W h y _in New Zealand?
a is the movie being made b is the movie making
c is m aking the movie
11 M any people believe that C o lu m b u s _Am erica.
a didn’t really discover b w asn’t really discovered
c weren’t really discovered
12 A I’ve just rung the doorbell, but th ere’s no answer.
B T h e y _in the yard Take a look.
a can’t be b m ight be c can be
13 H e’s a little older than me, so h e _in his 3 0 s now.
a m ust be b may be c can’t be
14 A Did you know A nn and David broke up?
B T h a t _true! I saw them together just now.
a m ust not be b m ight be c can ’t be
15 A D oes your sister know Travis?
B S h e _him I’m not sure.
a can ’t know b m ay know c can know
VOCABULARY
a W rite the parts o f the body that you use to do these actions.
b (C ircle ) th e righ t verb o r phrase.
I get in shape before im portant events.
5 Id o I g o sw im m ing every m orning during the week.
c C o m p lete th e w ords.
1 Luke is a very cl _friend I’ve known him all my life.
2 My w ife and I have a lot in c _.
3 G ina and I lost t _after we both changed jobs.
4 We m et in our first class in college, and we g _to know each other very quickly.
5 Linda is getting m arried next m onth H er f is
C anadian H e’s very nice.
1 _ the m usic o f a movie
2 _ th e tran slation o f the dialogue o f a movie
3 _ im ages often created by com puter
4 _ the m ost im portant acto r in a movie
5 _ one part o f a m ovie that happens in one place
e C o m p lete th e sen ten ces w ith o n e w ord.
1 I love w ork in g _at the gym I go every evening.
2 Please don’t lau gh _ G reg— he’s trying to do his best.
3 M y sister and her boyfriend have b ro k e n _.
4 I wish you could be m ore ex cite d _the opera tickets I got for tonight T hey were really expensive.
5 Is there anything g o o d _T V tonight?
PRONUNCIATION
a (C irc le )th e w ord w ith a d iffere n t sound.
U n d erlin e th e stressed syllable.
GRAMMAR
62
Trang 14CAN YOU UNDERSTAND THIS TEXT?
a R ead th e text D o you know o f any sim ila r th ea trica l
su p erstitio n s in you r co u n try ? W h a t are they?
b R ead th e text again and ch o o se a, b, o r c.
1 Before a perform ance, actors o fte n
a w ish each other good luck
b wish each other bad luck
c touch each oth ers’ legs.
2 W h istlin g in a theater is considered unlucky b ecau se
a it used to cause problem s for the scene changers
b it was associated with being out o f work
c it confused the actors
3 It is bad luck to
a rehearse any part o f a play w ithout an audience
b rehearse a play in front o f fam ily m em bers
c get to the end o f a play when nobody is w atching
c C h o o se five new w ords o r p h rases from th e text C h eck
th eir m ean in g and pron un ciation and try to learn them
Along with sp o rts players, theater professior
are considered som e o f the m ostsu p e rstitio i
people around These are som e o f their more
com m on beliefs and practices.
NOT W I S H I N G “ GOOD L U C K ”
Generally, it is considered bad luck to wish someone “good
luck” in a theater Before a performance, it is traditional for
the cast to get together and prevent bad luck by wishing each
other bad luck English actors used to say to each other “I hope
you break a leg,” and even today actors and musicians often
say "break a leg” to each other instead of “good luck" before
they go on stage.
W H I S T L I N G
It is considered bad luck for an actor to whistle on or off
stage Original stage crews were often hired from ships
that were in port, and whose sailors were temporarily
unemployed These sailors, as they did on ships, often used
special whistles to communicate scene changes to each
other If an actor whistled, this could confuse the sailors into
changing the set or scenery at the wrong time.
NOT W I TH OU T A N AUDIENCE
it is considered bad luck to complete a performance of a play
when there is no audience For this reason actors never say
the last line of a play during rehearsals, or some production
companies allow a limited number of people (usually friends,
family, and reviewers) to attend the dress rehearsals.
a prefers w atching sports to playing sports
b plays at least five sports
c thinks basketball and lacrosse are interesting team sports
2 A n old friend o f A drian’s who was using online
d a tin g
a thought the person looked less attractive in real life
b thought the person looked younger on the Internet
c m arried the person they m et on the Internet
3 Ryder hasn’t cheated b y
a using h is phone
b bringing a book to an exam
c looking at another student’s exam
a she loves the soundtrack
b som e o f the actors in it are attractive
c it m akes her laugh
5 R ebekah chose her profile picture because she and her siblings lo o k in it.
a young b funny c dressed up
CAN YOU SAY THIS IN ENGLISH?
D o th e tasks w ith a p artn er C h e ck ( / ) th e b o x i f you can
do them
C a n y o u ?
1 ŋ tell an anecdote about som ething that happened
to you using the sim ple past, past continuous, and past perfect
2 ! I talk about three past and three present habits o f yours
3 EH describe a movie, saying where is was set,
w hat it is based on, who it w as directed by, and w hat you though t o f it
4 EH m ake deductions about a fam ous person
Trang 15G first conditional and future time c la u se s + when, until, etc
V education
W hat will you
do if you don’t p a ss your e xa m s?
I’ll probably retake them.
a You have tw o m inu tes A n sw er as
m any o f q u estio n s 1 - 8 as you can
in o n e m inu te H ow m any did you
2 //h a t is the cap ital o f B razil?
5 Who w rote The G reat Q at shy?
4 How m any m egabytes a re there in a gigabyte?
5 Who developed the theory
o f relativity?
6 W hat is 5 x 18 + 4 ?
7 How m any legs does
an in sect have?
8 W hat is w ater m ade of?
2 PRONUNCIATION & SPEAKING
a P ut th e w ords in th e c o rre c t colu m n
full future lunch music nun put rude rules
student study subject true uniform university
you like it? W h y (not)?
• / your te a c h e rs to o stric t or not stric t e n o u g h ? W h y ? W h a t kind
Trang 163 LISTENING
he brought together all kinds of different
people w ho had never su n g before and turned
them into accom plished singers.
Last April, Gareth took on what w as
maybe an even bigger challenge.
He became an elem entary scho ol
teacher for a quarter H is m ission
w as to teach a group of li-y e a r-
old boys from a mixed elementary
school M a n y of the b o ys weren’t
d o in g very well at sc h o o l and, like many
other boys, they were a long way behind the
Malone’s Extraordinary School for Boys - a three-part
T V series
In you r cou n try, are boys usually b eh in d g irls in
read in g and w ritin g ?
b 4 8))) L isten to P a r t 1 o f a rad io p ro g ram ab ou t the
e x p erim en t and an sw er th e qu estion s.
1 How long did G areth have to teach the boys?
2 W h at was his aim ?
3 W hat three things did he believe were im portant?
c 4 9))) L iste n to P a r t 2 C o m p lete th e ch art.
e 4 1 0 ))) N ow liste n to P a r t 3 to find ou t w hat th e resu lt
o f th e e x p e rim e n t w as D id th e b oys’ read in g im prove?
f W h a t do you th in k o f G a re th ’s ideas? D o you th in k
they are ap p rop riate fo r girls? A re any o f th em used in
you r cou n try?
4 SPEAKING
from th e list below D ecid e i f you agree o r d isagree and
w rite dow n at least th ree reason s.
• B o y s and girls both learn b e tter in sin g le -se x scho ols.
• Children sp e n d to o m uch tim e a t sc h o o l on m ath
a n d IT and n o t e n o u g h on th in g s like m usic, art,
a n d dram a.
• Private s c h o o ls are u su ally be tte r th an public scho ols.
O Debating a topic: organizing your ideas
• The topic I’ve chosen is
completely agree partly agree completely disagree
that
• First of all, (I think that )
• My second point is that
• Another important point is that
• Finally,
y o u r top ic T h e o th e rs in th e group should listen A t the end, they c a n vote fo r w h eth er they agree o r disagree
w ith you and say why.
Trang 175 GRAMMAR first conditional and future time
1 W h en was the last tim e you took an exam ? Did you pass or fail?
2 W hat’s the next exam you are going to take? How do you feel about it?
3 How do you usually feel before you take an exam ?
4 W hat do you usually do the night before an exam ?
5 Have you ever failed an im portant exam you thought you had
passed (or vice versa)?
b 4 11,12))) L iste n to O livia and W o o -su n g , w ho are w aitin g for
th eir exam sco res, and an sw er th e qu estion s.
1 D o they th in k they did well on the tests?
2 W hen and how w ill they get the test results?
3 How w ill they celebrate if they get good scores?
4 W hat do they want to do i f they get good scores?
5 W hat w ill they do i f they fail, or i f they don’t get the scores
that they need?
P Exams
Exam scores can be given as numbers (usually out of 10 or 100)
or as letters (A, B, C, etc.) College grades are usually given
in numbers (out of 100) High school grades are usually given in letter (A+, A, A-, etc.)
c 4 13))) L isten and com p lete th e sen ten ces.
2 A s s o o n a s _ I’ll look up my scores.
3 I don’t w ant to plan any celebrations u n t i l _
4 I f I don’t get into a good c o lle g e , _
5 W h e n _ , they’ll m ail the results.
W o o -su n g W h a t sco res did they
get? W h a t are they going to do?
co n d itio n als and fu tu re tim e
clau ses, and p ractice them
A sk and answ er w ith a p artn er
M ak e fu ll sen ten ces.
W h at w ill you d o ?
• as soon as you get home
• i f you don’t pass your
English exam
• w hen this class ends
• i f it rains on the weekend
^ C o m m u n ic a tio n
Three in a row p 106.
She got an A -m inus in m ath, second place in a h isto ry com p etitio n , and top
job!, give h e r a hug, and tell her she doesn’t
need to p ra ctice th e piano today, and can go
get an A in math, why she didn’t get first place
on th e h isto ry exam , and te ll h e r sh e’ll be punished i f she doesn’t p ractice th e piano?
If you chose a), you are definitely not Amy Chua.
6
a
READING & SPEAKING
R ead th e a rticle on ce.
W h a t is a “tig er m o th e r?”
A lot of people wonder why so many Chinese children are math geniuses and musical prodigies
Amy Chua explains why in her book Battle Hymn
of the Tiger Mother It is a book that caused great
controversy among parents when it was first published.2 _ , Chua married
a man who she met at Harvard University, and when their two daughters were born she was determined that they would be as successful as she was.
Her system had strict rules Her two daughters were expected to be number one
in every subject (except gym and drama) and 3 _ Playing with friends and
TV was forbidden Music was required.
The system seemed at first to be working From
a very early age her daughters Sophia and Lulu were outstanding students and musical prodigies.
Trang 18At 13 Sophia played a piano solo at Carnegie Hall in New
York City, and at 12, Lulu a violinist, was the leader of a
prestigious orchestra for young people Chua chose math
and music for her daughters, but it seems that they could
have excelled in anything 4 _
Eventually Chua realized that she was pushing her daughters
too hard Lulu had always rebelled the most, and when she
was 13 she refused to cooperate at all After a series of
violent arguments, Chua decided to give her daughters a
little more freedom, and Lulu immediately gave up violin
lessons and took up tennis.5 _
Many people have been shocked by the book.
6 _ She once sent her daughter Lulu,
aged three, into the yard without her coat when it was 21°F
because she had behaved badly at her first piano lesson.
However, the girls do not seem to resent their mother
Sophia said that she herself chose to accept the system,
and after the book was published, she wrote an article
defending her mother Lulu says that although she no longer
wants to be a violinist, she still loves playing the violin.
7 _ Sophia is
now studying law at Harvard, and
Lulu is doing well in high school
and winning tennis trophies.
Interestingly Chua, who was brought
up in a family of four girls, has no
idea whether she could apply her
Chinese parenting system to boys.
8
b R ead th e a rticle again and put th e p h rases A - H in the
c o rre c t places.
A "They are a mystery to me," she says
B Later Sophia was even allowed to go to a rap concert
C a-sk-wh-^shc-d-id-n-t-get- a-n-A-in-m-a-t-h
D Chua spent much of her daughters' childhood shouting at them and criticizing every mistake they made
E Born in the Unites States to Chinese immigrant parents
F In fact, she is glad her mother made her learn
G to be at least two years ahead of their classmates
w as published D o you agree w ith any o f them ?
Wow, w hat a different way o f looking a t how to learn!
Amy Chua certainly shows that strict discipline works.
But personally I think that being positive and encouraging children is better than being so strict.
I disagree with the idea that children on their own never want to work My son was motivated by him self to succeed
in music I f having strict and pushy parents is w hat it takes
to be a child prodigy, then I fe e l sorry fo r the child Yes, they might be very successful, but at w hat cost? W hat is the rest
o f their life going to be like?
I agree that no m atter w hat we do in life, hard work is required to be successful T h at’s a great lesson to learn.
BUT, it should be accom panied by love and respect fo r the child.
1 What do you think of Amy Chua’s system?
2 Were (are) your parents strict about your education?
3 Did they (do they) ?
• help you with your homework
• make you study a certain number of hours every day
• punish you if you didn’t (don’t) pass exams
• let you go out with friends during the week
• let you choose your extra activities
• make you do extra activities that you didn’t (don’t) really want to do
make and let
After make and let we use the base form of a verb
My parents made me work very hard.
They didn't let me go out during the week.
Adapted from The Times
Trang 19ou t tomorrow.
GRAMMAR second conditional
a W ork w ith a p artn er D e sc rib e th e tw o
ph otos, and th en an sw er th e qu estion s.
1 W hich o f the tw o houses would you prefer
to live in? W hy?
2 W ho do you live w ith? D o you get along
w ell? D o you argue about anything? W h at?
w ould lik e to leave hom e?
Still living at home?
More and more young people in their 20s all over the world are living with their parents because it is too expensive for them to rent or buy a place of their own Are you living at home? Are you happy with it? Post a comment at
#stilllivingathome
c R ead th e a rticle again W h o ?
1 is not happy living at home because o f fam ily co n flict
2 th inks his / her parents th in k o f him / her as still being a teenager
3 th in ks that the advantage o f living at home
is not having to do any work
4 would like to be able to decorate his / her hom e in his / her own taste
qu estion s.
1 In the highlighted phrases, w hat tense is the
2 W h at tense is the oth er verb?
3 D o th e phrases refer to a) a situation they are im agining or b) a situation that w ill probably happen soon?
ab ou t th e seco n d co n d itio n al and p ractice it.
I w ouldn’t I like living with my parents.
68
Trang 20If I h a d the m oney, I would
m ove out immediately All I
w ant is so m e w h e re that’s m y own, w here I can d o w hat I want, w here I c a n h a ve my
ow n furniture a n d pictures,
w here no o n e c a n tell m e what
to do If it w ere m y place, I’d be
h a p p y to d o the cleaning and
th in gs like that I w ould take
ca re of it But right now it’s just
a dream , b e c a u s e I c a n ’t find
a job.
M a u ro @ R e cife , Brazil I’m perfectly h a p p y living at hom e If I lived on m y own, I’d h a ve to p a y rent, d o the
ho use w ork, a n d the cooking
H ere m y m other d o e s my laundry, s h e c le a n s m y room,
a n d of c o u rse s h e coo ks, and her food is wonderful I h a ve a nice room I h a ve m y com puter
w here I c a n w atch TV W h y
w ould I w ant to le a v e ? E v e n if I could afford it, I w ould n’t m ove out Not until I get married
It isn ’t that m y pa ren ts a re n ’t
g o o d to m e - they are If they
w e re n’t, I w o u ld n ’t live with them But I just d o n ’t feel independent I’m 29, but I
so m e tim e s w orry that if I c o m e
b a c k late after a night out, I’ll find them still aw ake waiting up for me It’s never happened, but it still m a k e s m e w ant to
m ove out.
I’d love to m ove out I get along well with m y parents, but I think I’d get alon g with them even better if I didn’t live at home M y
m other drives m e c ra zy - it isn ’t her fault, but s h e d o e s A n d I’d really like to have a dog, but m y
m other is allergic to them.
2 PRONUNCIATION & SPEAKING
sentence stress
2 Would you leave home if you got a job?
3 Even if ı could afford it, ı wouldn’t move out.
th em in a way th at is tru e for you.
could live anywhere in my town or city, I’d liv e
won a “dream vacation” in a com p etition, I’d g o
could choose any c a r I liked, I’d have a
cou ld choose my ideal job, I’d b e
h ad m ore tim e, I’d le a rn
had to go abroad to work, I’d go to
d W o rk w ith a p artn er A say you r firs t sen ten ce T ry to get the
firs t sen ten ce.
sofa washing machine lamp
c A n sw er th e q u estio n s w ith a partner.
W h a t’s the difference b etw e e n ?
1 the outskirts and the suburbs 5 a chim ney and a fireplace
4 a balcony and a deck
If I could live anywhere in my city,' I’d live downtown.
Why downtown?
living room kitchen bedroom
Trang 21a the place where he com posed
b the place where he w rote letters
c his favorite place
o n ce to check.
co n n e ctio n b etw een th ese th in g s and
to fig u re ou t th eir m ean in g from co n tex t
T h e n m atch th em w ith d e fin itio n s 1 - 8
7 som ething that is
owned (by som eone)
8 _ a piece o f furniture
with shelves to keep
b ooks in
fam ou s p erson w as b o rn o r lived? W h ere
w as it? W h a t do you rem em ber m ost
ab ou t it?
Trang 225 LISTENING & SPEAKING
4 y 5
nouse
In 1885 T c h aik o v sk y w ro te to a frie n d ,
“These days I dream of settling
in a village not far from Moscow
where I can feel at home.”
But M aidanovo was too full o f tourists in the sum mer, and
Tchaikovsky had too m any visitors, when what he wanted was
peace and quiet Eventually he found the perfect house, in the small
town o f K lin It was 52 miles northwest o f Moscow, and he lived
there until his death on Novem ber 6 , 1893 It is the place where
som etimes called.
It’s a gray wooden house w ith a green roof Tchaikovsky’s servant
Alexei lived on the first floor, and the kitchen and dining room were
on the second floor Tchaikovsky him self lived on the third floor T h e
living room and study, where his piano is located, is the largest room
in the house, and there is a fireplace and a bookcase with his music
books His w riting desk, where he wrote letters every m orning after
breakfast, is at the end o f the room But the place where he com posed
music was in his bedroom , on a plain, unpainted table
overlooking the yard.
In his final years, Tchaikovsky’s great love was
his yard It was not a neat English-style garden,
hut m ore like a forest He adored flowers,
particularly lilies o f the valley, and after his
death, his brother M odest, who had decided to
turn the house into a museum, planted thousands
o f lilies o f the valley around the yard.
In 1917, after the Bolshevik revolution, an anarchist nam ed
D oroshenko lived there with his family People say that he fired shots
at the portrait o f Pope Innocent hanging in one o f the bedroom s He
was finally arrested in April, and the house becam e the property o f
the state.
Since 1958, the winners o f the annual International Tchaikovsky
Com petition have all been invited to com e to K lin to play his piano,
and there is a tradition that each musician plants a tree in his yard in
the hope that, like his m usic, it will rem ain beautiful forever.
d e scrib in g th e ir “d ream h o u se.” W h ich
sp eak er’s house i s ?
1 the m ost hi-tech
□ the m ost luxurious
1 the m ost eco-friendly [ ] the m ost rom antic
lo ca tio n and sp ecial fea tu re s o f each house.
stu d en ts said W h y do th e speakers use
w ould?
d ream h o u se or a p artm en t w ould he lik e and
W h ere would it be?
W h at kind o f house or apartm ent would it be?
W h at special features would it have?
to d escrib e you r house in as m uch d etail as
p ossible W h o se do you lik e best?
6 WRITING
a p a rtm en t W rite a description o f your house
o r ap artm ent fo r a house ren tal w ebsite.
Whole Wodd Around You Jl
Trang 23Practical English Boys’ night out
ROB AND PAUL CATCH UP
a 4 26)}) W atch or liste n to R o b and Paul
W h a t does Paul th in k o f Jenny?
b W a tch o r liste n again M ark th e sen ten ces
T (true) o r F (false) C o rre c t th e F sen ten ces.
1 R ob used to play pool when he was younger.
2 R o b has a lot o f free tim e.
3 Rob had light hair the last tim e Paul saw him.
4 Paul th inks R o b has changed a lot.
5 Jenny’s parents gave R ob the shirt
he’s wearing.
6 R o b doesn’t w ant to keep Jenny waiting.
MAKING SUGGESTIONS
a 4 27))) W atch o r listen to Paul, R o b , and Jen ny ta lk in g about
w hat to do a fte r d in ner W h a t do Paul and R o b decide to do?
W h a t excu se does Jenny give? W h a t does she do in the end?
b W atch o r listen again A n sw er w ith P au l, R o b , or Jenny.
Trang 24c 4 28))) L o o k at som e e x tra c ts fro m th e con v ersatio n
C a n you rem em ber any o f th e m issin g w ords? W atch
o r liste n and check.
Paul Well I haven’t been on a dance floor for weeks
now I’ve got to move my body. _ go dancing!
2 Jenny I’m going running in the morning W hy _
you join me?
Paul No, thanks I’m n ot _ keen on running.
But I’ve read about this place called Deep Space, where they play great music W e _go there.
3 Jenny _about going to the late show at
MOMA?
Paul MOMA? What’s that?
4 Jenny _ about staying in and watching a
movie on TV?
Paul I’m in New York I can watch TV anywhere.
Remember to use the base form of the verb after:
Shall we We could Why don't you / we Let's
Remember to use the gerund after:
What about ? How about ?
resp on d in g to su g gestion s W h ic h o f th e w ays o f
m ak in g su g g estio n s do you th in k is th e m o st em p hatic?
e 4 29))) W atch or liste n and rep eat th e highlighted
p h rases C o p y th e rh y th m and in ton ation
g m m i In sm all grou ps, p ractice m akin g su g gestion s and
respond ing.
You are going to have an end-of-sem ester class
party You need to decide:
• W h en to have it
• W here to have it
• W h at tim e to have it
• W hat foods and drinks to have
THE MORNING AFTER THE NIGHT BEFORE
a 4 30))) W atch o r liste n to R o b and Jenny ta lk in g o n the phone W h a t’s th e problem ?
b W atch or liste n again C o m p lete th e sen ten ces w ith
1 - 3 w ords.
1 R ob says that he’s fe e lin g .
2 K erri invited R ob and Paul t o .
3 R ob says that he can ’t m a k e .
4 Jenny is upset because it’s a n _
5 R ob prom ises th a t _ again.
6 R o b also says that P au l _ that afternoon.
7 jenny tells D on th at R ob is su c h _
rem em b er any o f th e m issin g w ords?
Social English phrases Jenny Where are you _ ?
Jenny I mean, _ not that I don't like Paul, but
meeting.
Jenny H e 's _a professional.
d 4 31))) W atch o r listen and com p lete th e p h rases.
you say th em in you r language?
Trang 25G reported speech: se n te n c e s and qu e stion s
V shopping, m aking nouns from verbs
She said that
sh e w as going
to complain.
Did they give her a refund?
1 GRAMMAR reported speech: sentences and questions
W elcom e!
Never Liked It Anyway™ is a place where once loved gifts from once loved lovers get a second chance
We’ve all been there
We've all got stories to tell and things to sell
This is a place full of marvelous deals
Let the fun begin!
After a couple of years, things started happening I found things that indicated he was cheating "
R e a l W o rld P r ic e : $ 2 ,5 0 0 0 0
Break-up Price: $900.00
th is new w ebsite D id you guess right?
1 W hy did A nnabel A cton set it up?
2 W hat kinds o f things do people sell on it?
3 W h at else do they do apart from selling things?
q u estio n s w ith a p artn er.
1 Would you like to buy any o f them ?
2 W hich breakup do you th ink was the worst?
3 D o you have anything you would like to sell on the website?
th e actu al w ords th a t th e people used w hen they said th ese th ings?
1 My fiance told me that he was in love with another woman.
2 She said that she'd come and pick it up.
4 1 asked her who had given it to her.
ab ou t rep o rted sen ten ces and q u estio n s, and
p ractice th em
shopping m all last Saturday by a w om an taking a survey Listen and w rite dow n the questions she asked T h en w rite your answers.
p artn er ab o u t th e survey, w hat th e w om an asked you, and w h at you said.
Last Saturday I was in a shopping mall, and a woman who was taking a survey stopped me She asked me if I usually
74
1 “I ’m in love with an other woman.
Trang 26Real World Price: $1,200.00 Break-up price: $500.00 The Product:
Never worn, still has price lags
Selling matching veil and other extras.
The Story:
Two weeks before our wedding was supposed to take place, my fiance called and told me that he was in love with another woman I’m over
it now, but selling the dress will help
Everything works line A few scratches.
The Story:
My ex-girlfriend left it here when she walked out She said that she’d come and pick it up, but she never did Her new guy must have a lot of money!
Tiffany™ heart necklace
sold by El lie
Real World Price: $1,400.00 Break-up price: $650.00 The Story:
I got this very beautiful necklace
as a Christmas present from my boyfriend, Andy A year later I went to a party at his office, and I saw a girl wearing the exact same necklace I asked if it was new, and she said yes, it was a present, so I asked her who had given it to her, and she said Andy I dumped him the next day.
BUY IT
2 VOCABULARY & SPEAKING
shopping
o r d ifferen t T h e n ch eck w ith you r teacher.
1 buy som ething online and buy something on the Internet
2 a drug store and a pharm acy
3 an outlet store and a departm ent store
4 a shopping center and a shopping mall
5 a library and a b o o k store
6 put on a shirt and try on a shirt
7 It fits you and It suits you.
8 f o r sale and on sale
th e w ords in th e list.
a bargain a discount a price tag
a receipt a refund take something back
h im / h er w ith th e q u estio n n aire below A sk
fo r and give as m any d etails as you can.
4 Do you prefer shopping for clothes ?
O a by yourself or with somebody
O b at the beginning of the season or when stores have sales
5 What do you think are the advantages and disadvantages of buying clothes online?
Email address
BUY IT
BUY IT
Trang 273 READING
bought, or w ith th e service in a store o r restaurant, do they usually
com plain? I f n o t, why not?
ad jectives (o r any o th ers) w ould you use to d escrib e C live? W hy?
get as a resu lt o f co m p la in in g a b o u t ?
w ith a heading from the list.
DON’T BE TOO SPECIFIC DON’T LOSE YOUR TEMPER KNOW WHO YOU ARE WRITING TO THREATEN ACTION
WRITE A LETTER USE FLATTERY
p h rases W ith a p artn er, try to fig u re out
th e ir m ean in g fro m th e co n tex t.
im p ortan t?
It all started m any years ago, on a b o ring train trip hom e to W e st London The train pa sse d by a cookie factory, and the sm ell of the cookies made Clive feel hungry He wrote a letter to the m a n a gin g director to complain,
in a hum orous way, about the fum es co m in g through the train window The result? So m e free packages of cookies But since then there have been more se rio u s victories as well O n one occasion he m anaged to get a
com p laining for alm ost a year (without any success) about his faulty vehicle O n another occasion he got a travel agent to refund the cost of a vacation after C live ’s wife Bettina broke her leg when she slipped in a puddle of water in their vacation apartm ent in Spain.
The se days, there is alm ost nothing he w on’t com plain about After Clive w as served m oldy straw berries on a British A irw ays flight, he used a courier service to send the fruit to the airline’s chief executive To com pensate, BA invited his daughters, Nina and Zoe, to Heathrow to personally inspect the airline’s catering facilities “I just can’t bear bad service,” sa y s Clive “We have a right to go od service, and should expect it and dem and
it In fact, what irritates me more than a nyth ing is that, unlike Am ericans,
we British are hopeless at com plaining.”
old son Joe cope with living with one of the w orld’s b ig ge st com plainer? Surely he m ust be a nightm are to live w ith? H a s he ever
asked Bettina to explain w hy a m eal she made is badly coo ke d ? “Oh, no, of course not,” sa y s Clive It se e m s there are som e th in gs even he know s you should never com plain about!
Adapted from the Daily Mail website
Complainers C live Zietm an loves c o m p la in in g - but not sh o u tin g in hotel lobbies, o r a n g rily te llin g a sa le sp e rso n to call the m anager, o r m aking
a w a itre ss cry He lo ve s c o m p la in in g properly and in writing.
H is su c c e sse s include refunded vacations, c o u n tle ss free m eals, and com plim entary theater tickets.
S o how has he achieved th is? “Scream ing and sh o u tin g is a complete waste of tim e and
is usually directed at a person w ho is not in
a position to do anything," he says “I like to write a polite letter to the company People
w on’t want to help you if you are aggressive
They respond much better to good manners.”
Trang 28How to complain
successfully:
Clive’s top tips
Never sh o u t and swear - it achieves
nothing D o n ’t sp o il your meal or your
vacation by getting into an argum ent
with a waiter or custom er service call
center operator M ake a m ental note
of the circum stances and write a
letter later.
D o n ’t send emails, or standard, printed-
out com plaints forms Com panies
m ay not read these, but they probably
will read a letter A nd un le ss you are
particularly fond of Vivaldi, don’t waste
your tim e calling a custom er com plaint
line! Your letter should be short and
to the point, and should fit on one side
A nd type it Rea ding other people’s
handw riting is hard work.
Write to the com p any’s m arketing
director or finance director because
they’re probably the least busy Find
his or her nam e on the Internet or by
Taking the tim e to find a pe rson’s name
and title sh o w s initiative.
If your com plaint is se rio u s enough,
make it clear you w ill not hesitate to
change to another bank / cell phone
company Sm a rt com panies know that
c h a n gin g an a ngry custom er into a
satisfied one will make the custom er
more loyal.
4 PRONUNCIATION the letters a/
airline bargain captain complain email fair obtain hairdresser paid painting repair villain
5 VOCABULARY making nouns from verbs
complaint argument compensation
6 LISTENING & SPEAKING
are ta lk in g ab ou t bad serv ice W h a t did th e people com p lain
a b o u t ?
1 W h o did each person com plain to?
2 W h at did the people they com plained to do as a result?
5
D o n ’t sa y exactly what you expect to
receive a s com pensation Leave it to
the company.
U se phra se s like “I can only im agine
th is is an un usual departure from your
usual high standards,” and “I would
love to sho p with you again if you can
dem onstrate to me that you are still as
go od a s I know you used to be.”
Glossary
lose your temper become angry
threaten verb warn that you may punish
somebody if he or she does not do what you want
flattery noun saying good things about somebody
that you may not mean
1 Who’s best at complaining in your family? Give examples.
2 Can you remember a time when you (or someone in your family) complained ?
Why did you complain? What did you say? What happened?
B p.109. R ole-p lay a cu sto m e r co m p la in in g to a salesp erso n and
a restau ran t m anager.
7 WRITING
ab ou t so m eth in g you bought o n lin e.
Trang 29G gerunds and infinitives
V work
P word stress
Do you like yourjob?
Yes I’m an accountant -
I enjoy working with numbers.
C I She was unemployed and had to look for a job.
F I She applied for a lot of jobs, and sent in resumes.
b 4 41))) L isten and ch eck T h e n cover th e sen ten ces and
look at the p ictu res T ell th e sto ry from m em ory.
2 PRONUNCIATION & SPEAKING
word stress
p h o n etics to help you.
1 a pply a'plai/
2 sa la ry /'stelari/
3 down size /‘daonsaiz/
4 ex per i ence ik spirions
5 o ver time /'oovortaim/
6 per ma nent /'parmanant/
7 qua li fi ca tions/kwolafa'keijnz/
8 re sign /ri'zain/
9 re tire /n'taiar/
10 tern po rar y 'tempareri
b 4 45)}) L isten and ch eck P ra ctice sayin g th e w ords.
- is applying for a job? W h at kind o f job?
- is doing a tem porary job? W hat?
- has a part-tim e job ? W h at hours does he / she work?
- is self-employed? W h at does he / she do?
- has been prom oted recently? W h at to?
- was fired from his / her job, or was downsized?
W hy?
- has ju st retired? How old is he / she?
y o u r answ ers to th e q u estio n s below
• /have to work overtime?
• / make a good salary?
A sk m o re q u estio n s i f you can T h e n sw itch.
I’m going to tell you about my cousin Her name's Corinne.
What does she do?
She's a journalist She works
for a local newspaper
7 8
Trang 303 GRAMMAR gerunds and infinitives
p u ttin g th e verbs in th e c o rre c t fo rm , th e gerund
sen ten ces th a t you strongly agree w ith D iscu ss
you r answ ers w ith an o th er student.
fo r y ou p.107 D o you agree w ith the results?
infinitive.
1 A fter som e verbs,
2 A fter som e verbs,
5 As the subject o f a phrase or
gerunds and in fin itiv e s, and p ractice them
f C h o o s e fi v e o f the circles below
and w rite so m eth in g in them
a job
you’d love
to do
g W ork in grou ps T ell th e oth ers about w hat you
put in yo u r circle s, and answ er th e ir qu estion s.
I'm going to tell you about som eone I find really
easy to talk to It's m y uncle
The right job for you
-MATCH YOUR PERSONALITY TO THE JOB
5 I'm good a t _ quick decisions.
8 I'm not afraid o f _ large amounts
of money.
you find very
easy to talk to something you
a sport, activity,
or hobby you
love playing or doing,
but never have time for
Trang 314 READING ■>
a R ead th e firs t paragraph o f an a rticle ab ou t
qu estion s.
1 W ho are the “S h ark s?”
2 W h a t is th eir “T ank?”
3 How does the show work?
4 Is there a sim ilar T V show in your country? How
does it work?
L o o k at th e p h otos and read ab ou t th re e p rod u cts th at w ere
and sh rim p b u rg ers (C ) W h ich p ro d u c t ?
1 has been very successful although the Sharks didn’t invest in it
2 was presented by a m usician
3 was presented by a female
4 has a celebrity representing the product
5 is practical for m om s and kids
6 is now sold in m any U S states
to invest over $6.2 million in products, companies, and ideas
presented on Shark Tank They were
very happy with their investment inTravis Perry, a guitar player from Alabama who had the idea for Chord Buddy - a device that helps people learn to play the guitar He came into the Tank with som e guitars that had the device attached to them Shark, Robert Herjavec immediately sensed an opportunity in the charismatic Travis and agreed to invest $125,000 in his product A year later, Chord Buddy has made over $ 1.5 million in sales and has John Rich - a fam ous country singer - representing the product Travis is now running an impressive and profitable company.
bib company The bibs are made from high-quality materials
that don't stain N ob od y was enthusiastic, and the Sharks rejected her idea But Susie hasn’t given
up Since appearing on the T V show, orders for Susie's bibs increased and she has been contacted
by other investors And that is what makes a real entrepreneur—he or she never gives up If the
ı Sharks invest in him or her, there is a chance he
or she will be successful But if they leave the Tank empty-handed, the determination
to make it on their own is as great as ever.
D a y m o n d J o h n a n d B a rb a r a C o r c o r a n h a v e b e e n S h a r k s o n t h e
s h o w s in c e it s t a r t e d M a r k C u b a n a p p e a r e d o n t h e s h o w s in c e
t h e b e g in n in g , b u t b e c a m e a r e g u la r S h a r k in 2 012
versions in many different countries O n
the U S show, contestants have about ten
minutes to present their business ideas to five
very successful businesspeople These people
are nicknamed the "Sharks," and the intimidating
room where they meet the contestants is the
"Tank" (the sharks' home) The Sharks, who are
often multimillionaires, are prepared to invest
m oney in any business that they believe might
be a success In return, they take a share of the
profits The contestants are usually entrepreneurs,
product designers, or people with a new idea for
a service After the contestants have made their
presentations, the Sharks ask them questions
about the product and its possible market, and
then say if they are prepared to invest or not If they
are not convinced by the presentation, they say the
dreaded words "I'm out.”
get it right C o o k Shawn Davis’s product, gourm et shrimp burgers, was rejected O ne Shark said, "I'll buy the product, but I don't really know the food business well enough
to make the product successful.” Another Shark said, "I just don't
I’m out." A third shark said getting shrimp and keeping it cold makes the product too expensive for the public to buy Today, Davis’s company is worth $6 million, and his shrimp burgers are sold in supermarkets across the US!
Trang 32c W h ic h ( if any) o f th e th ree p rod u cts would you be
in terested / d efin itely n o t in terested in buying? W hy?
all related to b u sin ess T ry to fig u re ou t th eir m ean in g
fro m th e co n tex t.
J O Words with different meanings
Sometimes the same word can have two completely
different meanings, e.g., I work in a store (= it’s my job)
and My laptop doesn’t work (= it’s broken).
b etw een th e p airs o f sen ten ces.
5 LISTENING
a 4 49))) L o o k at th e p h o to s o f tw o m o re prod ucts that
exactly w h at m akes them sp ecial.
b L isten again D o you th in k th e S h a rk s invested in ?
W hy?
a both o f them
b neither o f them
c one o f them (which?)
c 4 50))) N ow liste n to w h at happened W ere you right?
W h a t in flu en ced th e S h a rk s ’ ch o ice?
6 SPEAKING
o n th e prog ram You can ch o o se one o f th e products below , o r you can in ven t you r ow n.
a watch a sandwich an app a chair
a dessert a pen a lamp a drink a gadget
Think a bo u t th e follow ing a sp e c ts
o f yo u r product.
• What is the product?
• What is its name?
• Who is it for?
• How much will it cost?
• Why is it different from other similar products?
few m in u tes p rep arin g you r p resen tation T ake tu rn s giving th e in fo rm a tio n , and use language fro m th e box
to help you.
Good morning We're going to tell you about our new product.
It’s a and it's called
We think it will be very popular w
ith-it is completely different from / better than anything else
on the market because
y o u r classm ates p resen t, s o liste n to th eir p resen tatio n s and decide w h ich one to vote for.
7 WRITING
su ccessfu l in you r co u n try ? W h y (not)?
> - p.120 Writing A c o v e r em ail w ith y o u r r es u m e
W rite an acco m p an y in g em ail to send w ith your resu m e to apply fo r a job
8 45 D ) ) SONG Piano Man J 3
Trang 337&8 Review and Check
GRAMMAR
(C irc le )a , b, o r c.
1 W e’ll m iss the train i f w e
a don’t hurry b won’t hurry c didn’t hurry
2 I f you help me w ith the d ish es, _in
five minutes.
a w e’ll finish b we finish c we finished
3 I won’t get into college u n le ss _good
scores on my aptitude tests.
4 If we bought a house, w e _a dog.
a can have b could have c w ill have
5 I’d be sad i f my brother and his w ife _.
a break up b ’ll break up c broke up
6 If I had a job, I _live w ith my parents.
a won’t b wouldn’t c didn’t
7 I f I won a lot o f m oney, _a big house.
a I’d buy b I’ll buy c I buy
8 He said h e _to his lawyer tom orrow
a w ill speak b spoke c would speak
9 I asked Sally i f _com ing to the party.
a she is b she was c was she
10 T h e little g irl _that she was lost.
11 T h e police officer asked me w h ere _.
a did I live b I was live c I lived
12 Tom ’s really good a t _problems.
a solve b solving c to solve
13 _clothes online saves a lot o f tim e.
a Buying b T o buy c Buy
14 I wouldn’t _that car i f I were you.
a get b getting c to get
15 It’s really im p o rta n t _the receipt.
a keep b to keep c keeping
b (C irc le) the righ t w ord.
building.
1 I don’t like shopping in superm arkets because there is too
2 My room m ates and 1 have a n _about who does what in the
8 My sister has been w orking as a _ for the United
1 I worked a lot o f o v _last week - two hours extra every day.
2 He works the night sh _at th e local factory.
3 It’s only a t job, from M arch to Septem ber.
4 I’d like to s up a sm all business m aking children’s clothes.
5 Lewis loves being s _- _because it means he is his own boss and can choose the hours that he works.
PRONUNCIATION
a (C ircle) th e word w ith a d ifferen t sound.
VOCABULARY
a C o m p lete w ith one word.
1 T h e U S school year has tw o _.
2 C hildren under five can go to _school.
3 U S schools are divided i n t o _or age
groups.
4 C hild ren w h o _very badly at school
may be suspended.
5 A school where parents have to pay for their
children to attend is called a _school.
82
2
4
Trang 34CAN YOU UNDERSTAND THIS TEXT?
a rticle in yo u r ow n w ords.
It is b etter to do a job th a t than a job
that y o u , but th a t
The importance of
doing what you love
When I was growing up, all I wanted to be was an artist.
When I got to high school and could choose what classes
to take, I took every art class that was available Painting,
drawing, photography, you name it - I took the class.
Then I took a chemistry class I LO VED it It was fun! And I
was good at it I started thinking: wouldn’t I make more money
if I went into the sciences instead of being a starving artist?
So I threw away the art school applications and went to study
chemistry College was fun, and when I graduated with my
chemistry degree, I went to graduate school in Washington,
D.C to do a PhD program in chemistry! It was O K to start
with, but after the first year, I was completely depressed I
hated the program It was dry and boring But I didn’t know
what to do about it.
So I quit I spent the next month feeling bad about my failure,
unsure what to do next Finally, I went to an employment
agency to get a job Something - anything - that would pay
money.
I got a temporary job filling envelopes at an NGO One day
they needed some graphic design and I volunteered This
was the major turning point in my career Over the next few
months, they gave me more and more design work What
began as a temporary job turned into a permanent job I was
finally doing something I loved, and I was making money
doing it.
It’s been difficult at times, but I really love my job Believe
me, it is FAR more important that you are happy and get to
do what you are passionate about every day and get paid
less for it, than to dread getting up in the morning because
you dislike what you do.
1 She used to get very good grades in art in high school.
2 She thought she would earn m ore m oney w orking as a
chem ist than being an artist.
3 Sh e enjoyed graduate school but not college.
4 She lived at hom e after she quit graduate school.
5 Sh e was very well-paid for fillin g envelopes at
the N G O
6 She feels passionate about design.
C h eck th eir m ea n in g and p ro n u n ciatio n and try to
1 A m ber s a y s _is mixed so a mixed school is better.
a real in teraction b the real world
c the world o f business
2 M ax likes shopping online b ecau se _
a there is m ore availability o f products
b he doesn’t like looking at a variety o f products
c he is extroverted
3 Sim on w a s _w ith what he sold on eBay.
a satisfied b delighted c disappointed
4 Joe would like t o _
a paint the w alls o f his apartm ent
b have more paintings in his apartm ent
c invite m ore people to his house
5 Sim one would like to have a jo b _.
a in banking b th a t’s well paid c th at’s enjoyable
CAN YOU SAY THIS IN ENGLISH?
D o th e tasks w ith a p artn er C h e ck ( / ) th e b o x i f you can
3 □ describe your ideal vacation house
4 □ say w hat you would do i f a) you won a lot o f money and b) you had m ore free tim e
today and what you answered
VIDEO
Short movies Trinity College, Dublin Watch and enjoy the movie.
VIDEO
Trang 35G third conditional
V m aking adjectives and adverbs
P sentence s tre s s
1 READING & SPEAKING
w h at you would do and why.
W h a t would you do if ?
m oney on your way hom e tonight
som ebody who had run out o f gas
3 you saw an old m an being attacked on the
street by a couple o f teenagers
4 you were in a line at a bus station or airport
and som eone asked to go in front o f you
because he / she was in a hurry
R ead th e b eg in n in g o f a tru e sto ry by th e w rite r B ern ard H are,
ab o u t so m eth in g th a t happened to h im w hen he w as a student
T h e n in pairs, decide w hat you th in k happened next.
5 2))) N ow listen to w hat happened W ere you right?
L isten again and an sw er th e q u estio n s.
1 W h at did Bernard have to do as soon as he got o f f the train?
2 How did Bernard react?
3 W h at did the ticket insp ector th en ask him to do?
Glossary
stu d e n t fla t n o u n cheap apartment usually rented out
to college students
p h o n e b o x n o u n phone booth for a public telephone
P e te rb o ro u g h a small city 75 miles north o f London
h itc h h ik e n o u n travel by asking for free rides in other people’s cars
tic k e t in s p e c to r n o u n one who is in charge o f a train and travels with it, but does not drive it
inspector
I w a s liv in g in a s tu d e n t f la t in N o r t h L o n d o n , w hen the
police knocked o n my d o o r one night I thought it w as because I hadn’t paid the rent fo r a few m onths, so I didn’t open the door But then I w ondered if it w as som ething to do with m y mother,
w h o I knew w asn’t very well T h e re w as no phone in the flat and this w as before the days of m obile phones, so I ran dow n to the nearest phone bo x and phoned my dad in Leeds, in the no rth of England H e told me that my m um w as very ill in hospital and that
I should go hom e as so o n as I could.
W h e n I got to the station I found that I’d m issed the last train
to Leeds T h e re w as a train to Peterborough, from w here som e local trains w ent to Leeds, but I w ould miss the connection by about 20 minutes I decided to get the P eterborough train - I was
so desperate to get hom e that I thought maybe I could hitchhike from Peterborough.
“Tickets, please.” I looked up and saw the ticket inspector H e could see from my eyes that I’d been crying “A r e you O K ? ”
he asked “O f cou rse I’m O K , ” I said “You loo k awful,” he continued “Is there anything I can d o ?” “Y ou could g o away,” I said rudely.
But he didn’t H e sat dow n and said, “If there’s a problem, I’m here to help.” The only thing I could think of w as to tell him my story W h e n I finished I said, “S o n o w you know I’m a bit upset and I don’t feel like talking anym ore O K ? ” “O K , ” he said, finally getting up “I’m s o rry to hear that, son I hope you make it home.”
I continued to loo k out of the w in d ow at the dark countryside Ten m inutes later, the ticket inspector came back.
You were
hadn’t helped me,
I w ould have m issed the train.
8 4
Trang 36e A fte r th is sto ry w as o n th e new s, several p eople w ro te in w ith
The students
I was living in Korea at the time,
teaching English I had to leave
the country and return again
because of problems with my
visa, so I booked a ferry to
Fukuoka in Japan I intended
to change some South Korean
money into Japanese yen when
I got there, but when I arrived, I discovered it was a holiday in
Japan and all the banks were closed I didn’t have a credit card, so
I walked from the ferry terminal toward the town wondering what I
was going to do without any Japanese money I was feeling lonely
and depressed when suddenly I heard a young couple speaking
French I asked them if they spoke any English, and they told me (in
good English) that they were Belgian students When I explained
my problem, they immediately offered to take me around the city
and look for somewhere where I could change money They paid
for my bus ticket, and they took me to several places, and in the
end, we found a hotel where I was able to change my cash They
then invited me to join them and their friends for the evening I had a
fantastic night and have never forgotten how they changed all their
plans just to help a stranger - Karina
The angel
It was a cold Sunday evening
in Manchester I was a college
student, and my girlfriend and
I had been invited to dinner with
our tutor at his house about
18 miles away We decided to go
on my motorcycle, but we hadn’t
realized how cold it was, so we
hadn’t dressed warmly enough, and after ten minutes on the bike
we were absolutely freezing When we were about half way there,
the bike started to make a funny noise and then stopped We had
run out of gas We stood at the side of the road, shivering with cold,
and not sure what to do.
Suddenly a passing car stopped The driver got out, opened the
trunk of his car, and took out a can of gas He walked up to my bike,
opened the gas tank, and poured the ga s in He then closed the
tank and got back into his car, without saying a single word, and
drove away We couldn’t believe our luck We sometimes wonder if
the man who rescued us was an angel - Andy
f In pairs, tell each o th e r your story Tell your p artn er:
Where it happened
What the problem was
What the stranger(s) did to help
g W h ich o f the th ree sto ries do you th in k w as a) th e m ost
su rp risin g b) th e m o st m oving? W hy?
2 GRAMMAR third conditional
a M a tch th e se n ten ce halves fro m th e story.
1 Q If the insp ector hadn’t stopped the train
to L e e d s ,
2 [ I I f the couple hadn’t helped K a r in a ,
3 O I f the m an in the car hadn’t stopped, .
A she would have been alone w ithout any money.
B they would have had to w alk for m iles in the cold.
C he would have m issed his connection.
b N ow look at th e sen ten ces below W h ich one
d e scrib e s w hat really happened? W h ich one
d e scrib e s how th e situ atio n m ight have been
c >• p.148 Grammar Bank 9A L earn m ore
ab ou t th e th ird co n d itio n al and p ra ctice it.
3 PRONUNCIATION
sentence stress
th e rh y th m
come to see you.
3 if ı hadn’t stopped to get gas,
ı wouldn’t have been late.
hadn’t been delayed.
sen ten ces.
A p 1 0 6 B p.108.
h Have you ever helped a stran g er, o r b een helped by a stran g er?
W h a t happened?
Trang 374 SPEAKING 5 READING & LISTENING
1 Look at som e quotes about luck D o you th ink they
are true?
2 D o you consider you rself in general to be a lucky
person? W hy (not)?
3 C an you rem em ber a tim e when you were either very
lucky or very unlucky? W h at happened?
4 D o you know anyone who you th ink is particularly
lucky or unlucky? W hy?
as m uch d etail as p ossible.
p eople, m u sician s, sp o rts stars W h ic h o f th ese th ree
th in g s do you th in k w as probably m o st im p o rta n t in
m ak in g th em su ccessfu l: a) talen t b) hard w ork c) luck?
M a lco lm G lad w ell, and an sw er th e qu estion s.
1 W hat three factors does he th in k being successful really depends on?
2 W hy is it an advantage for sports players to be b orn in the first m onths o f the year in som e countries?
3 W hat is the 1 0 ,0 0 0 hours theory?
m en tion s, T h e B e atle s and B ill G a te s W h a t tw o m ain reaso n s does he give fo r th e ir ex tra o rd in a ry su ccess?
T H E B E A T L E S
1 W here did they play and betw een which years?
2 W h ere did the club ow ner usually get bands from ?
3 How much did they have to play?
4 H ow many tim es had they perform ed live by 1 9 6 4 ?
B IL L G A T E S
5 W hen did his school start a com puter club?
6 W hy was th is unusual?
7 W h a t did he and his friends do on weekends?
8 How many hours did he spend at the com puter club every week?
e W h a t do you th in k ? A n sw er th ese q u estio n s w ith a
p artn er.
1 D o you agree that luck and p ractice are ju st as
im portant as talent? Is luck m ore im portant than practice or the other way around?
2 T h in k o f som ething you are m oderately good at or very good at W ere you lucky to be able to have the opportunity to start doing it? How many hours do you th in k you have spent practicing it? D o you think you have spent m ore hours doing it than other people you know?
have caught
a fish.”
Darrell Royal, American football coach
“You never know
what worse luck
your bad luck has
saved you from.”
Cormac McCarthy, writer
“If you have two friends in your lifetime, you’re lucky
If you have one good friend, you’re more than lucky.”
Susan Hinton, writer
Trang 38W hat is the question we alw ays a sk about succe ssful
people? We want to know what they’re like - what kind
of personalities they have, or how intelligent they
are, or what kind of lifestyles they have, or what special talents
they m ight have been born with A nd we assu m e that it is those
personal qualities that explain how that individual ge ts to the top
of his or her profession.
are a sk in g the w rong questions He thinks that while talent is
ob viously a factor, there are two other more im portant on e s that
make a person successful The first of these factors is luck.
He b e gin s with the example of sp o rts players In recent research
done on va riou s gro u p s of elite ice hockey players from Canada
and the Czech Republic, one fa scin a tin g fact cam e to light In
simple The sc h o o l year in these countries runs from January
The chances are the first boy w ill be bigger, stronger, and more
coordinated He is m uch more likely than the other boy to be
chosen to play on junior teams He will then get better coaching
than the others, and w ill play m any more gam es, s o w ill a lso get
more practice In the beginning, his advantage is n ’t so m uch that
he is more talented, sim ply that he is older He w as lucky enough
than the others, and far more likely to be successful.
The extra practice is vital, because the second factor that
Gladwell believes is of great im portance in determ ining whether
som e b od y is g o in g to be su cce ssfu l or not is what he calls the
different fields, sa y s that in order to get to the very top you
instrum ent or a sport, or program m ing a computer.
6 VOCABULARY
making adjectives and adverbs
the right time.
above W h ich is a n o u n and w hich is an
The sentence game
1 You should write correct sentences with the exact number of words given (contractions count as one word).
(e.g., if the word is lu c k , you can use lu c k y ,
se n ten ce gam e You have five m in u tes to
w rite th e fo llo w in g sen ten ces.
Trang 39G quantifiers
V electronic devices, phrasal verbs
P ough and augh, linking
Too much information!
You look
too m uch work and not enough tim e to do it.
9B
1 GRAMMAR quantifiers
a L o o k at th e illu stratio n H ow m any
e le c tro n ic devices can you see? W h ich ones
do you have? W h a t do you use th em for?
gadgets, but now I use my phone for alm ost
everything.
2 I'd like to buy a better computer, but I don’t
day online.
close friends.
5 I never watch T V or m ovies on m y phone
big enough.
6 I like dow nloading new apps to my phone,
difficu lt to use.
ab ou t q u an tifie rs and p ractice them
fo r you? Say w hy (not).
P ough and augh
Be careful with the letters ough and augh They can have different
pronunciations.
Try to remember how to pronounce the most common words that
have this combination of letters, e.g., although.
a W rite th e w ords in th e list in th e c o rre c t colum n.
although bought brought caught cough daughter enough laugh thought through tough
1 I thought I’d brought enough m oney w ith me.
2 M y daughter caught a bad cold.
3 I bought it although it was very expensive.
4 W e’ve been through som e tough tim es.
5 I didn’t laugh! It was a cough.
88
Trang 403 READING & SPEAKING
overload
T £ you type the words "information overload" into Google, you will
1 1 immediately get an information overload - more than 7 million hits
in 0.05 seconds Some of this information is interesting - for example, you learn that the phrase "information overload" was first used in 1970, before the Internet was invented But much of the information is not relevant or useful: obscure companies and even more obscure bloggers.
Information overload is one of the biggest irritations in modern life
There are news and sports websites to watch, emails that need to be answered, people who want to chat with you online, and back in the real world, friends, family, and colleagues who also have things to tell you.
At work, information overload is also causing problems A recent survey has shown that many company managers believe that it has made their jobs less satisfying and has even affected their personal relationships outside work Some of them also think that it is bad for their health.
Clearly there is a problem It is not only the increase in the quantity
of information, it is also the fact that it is everywhere, not just in the home and in the workplace Many people today do not go anywhere without their smartphones There is no escape from the Internet,
a
b
c
d
1 M any o f the m anagers surveyed th ink that
as a result o f inform ation overload .
a they have to work harder
b they enjoy th eir jobs less
c they are sick m ore often
2 Scien tists th in k that in form ation overload
m akes p eop le
a m ore anxious but m ore productive
b m ore productive but less creative
c m ore stressed and less creative
3 O ne solution to inform ation overload
would be for people to spend less tim e .
a searching for inform ation
b using the Internet
c talking on the phone
R ead th e article again and figu re ou t the
m eaning o f th e highlighted w ords and phrases
related to th e In te rn e t and technology.
D o you su ffer fro m in fo rm a tio n overload
in yo u r ow n life? T alk to you r p artn er about
how in fo rm a tio n overload a ffe c ts d ifferen t
p arts o f y o u r life.
y o u r w o r k y o u r s t u d i e s
y o u r s o c i a l life y o u r f a m ily life
L o o k at th e title o f th e article W h a t do you
th in k it m ean s? R ead th e firs t paragraph
to check.
N ow read th e w hole article C h o o se a, b, o r c.
Scientists have highlighted three big worries First, information overload can make people feel anxious: There is too much to do and not enough time to do it People end up multitasking, which can make them even more stressed Second, information overload can make people less creative Research shows that people are more likely to
be creative if they are allowed to focus on one thing for some time, without interruptions Third, information overload can make people less productive People who multitask take much longer and make many more mistakes than people who do the same tasks one after another.
What can be done about information overload? One solution is technological: There is now a computer program or app you can install called Freedom that disconnects you from the web at preset times
The second solution involves willpower Turn off your cell phone and the Internet from time to time The manager of an IT company puts
"thinking time" into his schedule when all his electronic devices are turned off so that he isn't disturbed This might sound like common sense But nowadays, although we have more information than ever before, we do not always have enough common sense.