Assessment of environmental situation in nelson county pigs cooperative, lakota, north dakota, united state

THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL AND FORESTRY DOAN DUC PHUC RESEARCH TITLE: Assessment of environmental situation in Nelson county pigs cooperative, Lakota, North Dakota, United State BACHELOR THESIS Study Mode: Full-time Major: Environmental Science and Management Faculty: International Training and Development Center Batch: 2011-2015 Thai Nguyen, 07/27/2016 Page i DOCUMENTATION PAGE WITH ABSTRACT Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry Degree Program Bachelor of environmental Science and Management Student name Doan Duc Phuc Student ID DTN11153150067 Thesis Title Supervisors Assessment of environmental situation in Nelson county pigs cooperative, Lakota, North Dakota, United State Dr Dr Nguyen Hung Quang, Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry, Vietnam Abstract: Each year livestock industry emits about 75-85 million tons of waste has an impact on the environment and human health in many ways such as causing pollution of surface water, groundwater, atmosphere, environmental soil and agricultural products Environment polluted by the decay of organic matter in pig manure and wastewater After the waste discharged, If we don’t give the right treatment I will bring plenty of consequences By this research You could have the overall looking to the real environmental situation of pig farm now a day in USA The environmental policy laws of water quality, air quality, soil quality etc Beside, I’m going to describe deeply of automatic technology in the modern farm Then analyze the benefits and disadvantages of those things At the end, I wrote the results of measurement of Air sample, water sample, and soil sample By this way to understanding more clearly about environmental situation of Nelson county pigs cooperative Keywords Waste treatment, solid waste, liquid waste, pig production, management Number of papers 86 pages Date of submission September 30th, 2016 Supervisor’s sign Page ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Luckily, I have a valuable internship chance to learning and professional improvement in Nelson county pigs cooperative, Lakota, North Dakota, United State First of all, I want to thank my supervisors Todd Erickson and Dr Nguyen Hung Quang, those who took the time out to listen, guide, bolster and support me on the right way and allowing me to complete my study to have fruitful results Particularly, their extremely valuable guidance is not a little commitment in orienting my professions and future Secondly, I am grateful to Manager, Jim herda about their help dedicated during my internship and research They was hearted guidance, given the comments and the orientation in my experiment steps as well as the process of writing my report Finally, I would like to express our gratitude to the family, relatives and friends who have helped me during the internship Due to the short time, limited professional qualification and less experience the report may have inevitable mistakes I very much look forward to the valuable inputs and recommendation of teachers and friends to my thesis to become more perfect Sincerely, Doan Duc Phuc Page iii TABLE OF CONTENTS DOCUMENTATION PAGE WITH ABSTRACT .ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii TABLE OF CONTENTS iv LIST OF FIGURES vii PART I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Research rationale 1.2 Objectives of the study 1.3 The significance of the thesis PART II LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1, Overview of the United States Hog Industry impact 2.1.1 United States Hog Industry 2.1.2 Effects of pollution in livestock to humans and the environment 2.1.3 Policy aspects: 2.2 COMPONENTS, CHARACTERISTICS PIG LIVESTOCK WASTE 11 2.2.1 Feces of swine 11 2.2.3 Livestock waste water 13 2.2.4 Death pigs 14 2.2.5 Excess Food, bedding and other wastes 14 2.2.6 Livestock materials, veterinary specimens 14 2.3 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF LIVESTOCK WASTE 15 2.3.1 Impacts to water environment 15 Page iv 2.3.2 Impacts to soil environment 16 2.3.3 Impacts to air environment 18 2.4 OVERALL OF LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT 24 2.4.1 Collection 24 2.4.2 Properly stored and preserved 25 2.4.3 Transportation 25 2.4.4 Livestock waste treatment 25 PART III SUBJECTS, MATERIALS AND METHODS 34 3.1 Object and scope of the study 34 3.1.1 Object of study 34 3.1.2 Scope of research 34 3.2 Research content 34 3.3 Research Methods 35 3.3.1 Methods of collecting and analyzing secondary data 35 3.3.2 Methods of collecting primary data 35 3.3.3 Sampling method 35 3.3.5 Statistical methods, data processing and analysis, and synthesis of data 44 PART IV RESULTS 45 4.1 Natural conditions, socioeconomic in the region 45 4.1.1 Natural condition 45 4.1.2 Social and economic conditions 46 4.2 Evaluation of the pig production in Nelson county pigs cooperative, North Dakota 48 Page v 4.2.1 The number of pigs in Nelson county pigs cooperative 48 4.2.2 The system type and scale of livestock 49 4.3 Assessment of environmental quality in Nelson County Pigs Cooperative 56 4.3.1 Calculate the total of waste mass in farm 56 4.3.2 The test results of air sample 57 4.3.3 The test results of water sample 61 4.3.4 The test results of soil sample 64 PART V CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 67 5.1 CONCLUSIONS 67 5.2 Recommendations 69 REFERENCES 70 Page vi LIST OF TABLES Table 1:Chemical components of swine manure with weight from 70-100 kg 12 Table 2:Chemical components of urine of pigs from 70-100 kg 13 Table 3: Composition of pollution and characteristics pig waste water (After cleaning cages) 16 Table 4: Effects of NH3 to people and pigs health 21 Table 5: Effects of H2S to people and pigs healthy 22 Table 6:Location of sampling 36 Table 7: Nelson county Farm Structure and sampling 37 Table :Air Sample Methodology 40 Figure 6: Calculation of emissions and determines biogas tank capacity 56 Table 9: Measurement results in microclimate of Nelson county Pigs Cooperative 58 Table 10: Measuring results, analyze the air in barns of Nelson county Pigs Cooperative 59 Table 11: Results of measuring and analyzing air surrounding area of Nelson county Pigs Cooperative 60 Table 12: Results of measuring, analyzing wastewater production of Nelson county Pigs Cooperative 61 Table 13: Results of measuring, analyzing groundwater of Nelson county Pigs Cooperative 62 Table 14: Results of measurement and analysis of surface water of Nelson county Pigs Cooperative 63 Table 15: Results of measuring and analyzing soil samples of Nelson county Pigs Cooperative 65 Page vii LIST OF FIGURES Figure Average pigs per litter and per breeding animal- USA 1994-2014 Figure 2: Annual litter rate by size of operation United Stated: 1994-2014 Figure Septic tank structure 31 Figure 4: UASB tank model 32 Figure 5: Model of waste treatment in Nelson County Pigs cooperative 54 Figure 6: Calculation of emissions and determines biogas tank capacity 56 Page viii PART I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Research rationale Exponential increases in demand for pork products worldwide has resulted in the construction of Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations and waste lagoons as means of industrializing production A closer look at hog production of this kind in eastern North Dakota, USA, reveals that while profits are spiraling upward, the burdens of extreme environmental damage and health hazards are shouldered disproportionately by minority communities and the rural poor Leaders of the Environmental Justice movement struggle to defend their communities and capture the attention of the general public People love pigs, and pigs create waste An increase in global demand for pork products has driven a trend of concentration and industrialization in hog production worldwide, creating pockets of densely packed pig farms Meanwhile, one hog can produce as much as four to eight times the feces as a human being The combination of these factors leads to an environmental and human health crisis that now plagues many rural communities This is the story of the eastern coastal plain region of the state of North Dakota in the USA, which has become a hog-production haven At 9-10 million strong, the population of the pig herd here outnumbers residents; the flat, sandy landscape is speckled with ‘lagoons’, which are literally pools of hog waste the size of football fields These lagoons have become emblems of the painful decades-long fight for local residents, primarily African Americans and rural poor, to defend their communities from crippling air and water pollution Page These all above reasons tell us why pig industrial is very important now a day They develop very fast and heavy effect to environment too The question here is how to good combine between environment and benefit It is not different things, it barely two side of one problem To get higher economy benefit, the farm not only should care about the diet, reproduction or health management but also should care about environment In opposite way, if good environment will ensure for Sustainable Development in long term, prevent the diseases, get high quality of pork To find out the relationship between environment and pig growth I conducted research projects:“Assessment of how environmental factor can effect to the pig growth in Nelson county pigs cooperative, Lakota, North Dakota, United State” 1.2 Objectives of the study - Surveying the status of waste in pig farming is applied at the ranches - Assess the level of pollution by livestock activities at the camp through environmental indicators - Dedicate the diseases of the sows, piglets Then find out the relationships with around environment 1.3 The significance of the thesis Meaning science • The research results contribute the new perspectives on the importance of the environment in livestock • The theme is a reference material for learning and scientific research in the future Practical significance • The findings of the research will provide the basis for the relationship between benefits and environmental protection Page Positive effect on the environment of biogas as stated above is undeniable However, the biogas system is not the final treatment system to ensure eligibility safe discharge into the environment So that is the reason they empty the tank every months and bring out the waste to functional waste treatment place 4.3 Assessment of environmental quality in Nelson County Pigs Cooperative 4.3.1 Calculate the total of waste mass in farm Figure 5: Calculation of emissions and determines biogas tank capacity Parameters Unit Number Head N1 kg/head/day liter/head/day 40 kg/head/day 1.5 liter/head/day 28 Total amount of manure generated tons/day 1,5*N1 Total amount of waste water generated m3/ day 0.028*N1 Total amounts of waste (manure + wastewater) m3/ day 1.528*N1 Head N2 kg/head/day 2.5 liter/head/day 40 Number of sows: Demand for food The demand for drinking water, bathing water, wash water cages The amount of manure produced (30% amount of food) The amount of wastewater generated (70% amount of water used) The number of pigs, piglets: Demand for food The demand for drinking water, bathing water, wash water cages Page 56 Parameters Unit Number kg/head/day 0.75 liter/head/day 28 Total amount of manure generated tons/day 0.75* N2 Total amount of waste water generated m3/ day 0.028* N2 Total amounts of waste (manure + wastewater) m3/ day 0.778* N2 The amount of manure produced (30% amount of food) The amount of wastewater generated (70% amount of water used) Q=1.528*N1+0.778* Total amounts of waste m / day N2 Time stored in tanks Day 15 Total useful volume of the tank M3 V=15*Q So, the capacity of the waste water storage tank is: V waste water = 15*(1.528 N1 + 0.778 N2) = 22.92 N1 + 11.67 N2 (m3) Where: N1: number of sows- 2500 be mention a bow N2: the number of piglets-2500 be mention a bow By the short calculation, I found the Volume of tank need to be: 86,475 (m3) 4.3.2 The test results of air sample 4.3.2.1 Air condition in study area Page 57 Table 9: Measurement results in microclimate of Nelson county Pigs Cooperative No Temperature Humidity Wind speed (0C) (%) (m/s) Location Survey In areas porker 33.5 60.8 0.5 In breeding sector farrowing 33.3 61.0 0.5 In the office area 32.8 60.9 0.7 Outside the main entrance areas 32.7 61.8 0.4 The temperature at the time of observation (May 14, 2015) measure ranged from 32.7 to 33.5 0C, humidity ranged from 60.8 to 61.8%; wind speed ranged from 0.4 to 0.7 m/s 4.3.2.2 The test results, analyze the air a / The air in the barns Page 58 Table 10: Measuring results, analyze the air in barns of Nelson county Pigs Cooperative Type No Result Target Regulatory Unit Citation AS-1 AS-2 40 C.F.R SO2 Primary Ppm/µg/m³ 64.4 ppm 63 ppm 75ppm SO2 Secondary µg/m³