Assessment of waste management and treatment in bac ninh city

THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL AND FORESTRY NGUYEN MINH VU ASSESSMENT OF WASTE MANAGEMENT AND TREATMENT IN BAC NINH CITY BACHELOR THESIS Study Mode: Full-time Major: Science and Environmental Management Faculty: Advanced Education Program Office Batch: 2014-2018 Type: On-the-Job Training (OJT) Thai Nguyen, 25/9/ 2018 DOCUMENTATION PAGE WITH ABSTRACT Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry Degree Program Bachelor of Environmental Science and Management Student Name Nguyễn Minh Vũ Student ID DTN1453070083 Thesis Title Assessment of waste management and treatment in Bac Ninh city Supervisor (s) Dr Hoàng Hải Thanh Supervisor’s signature(s) Abstract: The environment is of special importance to human life in general and to the economic, cultural and social development of each country in particular In recent years, there have been many policies related to environmental protection for socio-economic development and environmental quality Together with many solutions such as science and technology books socialization of environmental sanitation is also an important solution in the strategy of environmental protection and sustainable development With population growth, the consequence is an increase in the amount of domestic waste Vietnam is currently facing environmental pollution caused by domestic waste Bac Ninh city is high population The problem of waste is being mentioned by Bac Ninh province leaders The following report shows the status of waste management in Bac Ninh City and outline some measurements to minimize the amount of waste in Bac Ninh City Keywords Solid waste, Waste, Reduce, Reuse, Recycle Number of pages 62 pages Date of submission 25/9/2018 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Graduation is the process of learning so that each student can apply the knowledge and theories learned in the school to life solving, making the students familiar with the working methods and skills This is an indispensable stage for every student in the learning process With the agreement of the School administrators, the Board of Directors of the Advanced Education Program Office , Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry, I research the project: "Assessment of waste management and treatment in Bac Ninh City" The practice time is not long, but it gives me useful knowledge and valuable experience, so far i have completed my graduation project I would like to sincerely thank the teachers in the Advanced Education Program Office, who taught and trained us and especially teacher Dr Hoang Hai Thanh, who directly guide and help me during my practice and complete the graduation thesis I sincerely thank staffs who are working at the Department of Resources and Environment of Bac Ninh province are enthusiastic in helping me in the process of good practice Due to time constraints, the first step is to familiarize myself with the new method, which will inevitably report deficiencies I would like to receive comments from teachers and all students to complete this thesis Thank you sincerely ! TABLE OF CONTENT List of figures List of tables List of abbreviations CHAPTER INTRODUCTION 1.1 Rationale 1.2 Objectives 10 1.3 Contents of work 10 1.4 Description of my activities 10 1.5 Timeline 10 2.1 The scientific basis of the topic 11 2.1.1 Overview of waste 11 2.1.2 Source of solid waste 12 2.1.3 The impact of solid waste on the environment and the health of the community 13 2.1.3.1 Impact on water environment 13 2.1.3.2 Impact on the air environment 13 2.1.3.3 Impact on the soil environment 13 2.1.3.4 Impact on human health 14 2.2 The legal basis of the topic 14 2.3.2 Situation of managing and treating domestic waste in Vietnam 21 2.3.2.1 Situation of management and treatment of solid waste in urban areas and cities in Vietnam 21 2.2 Overview of natural and socio-economic conditions in Bac Ninh city 23 2.2.1 Natural condition 23 2.2.2.1 Geographical location 23 2.2.2.2 Topography, geomorphology 24 2.2.2.3 Geological 25 2.2.2.4 Climate and hydrological 25 2.2.2 Social and economic conditions 27 CHAPTER SUBJECTS, CONTENTS AND METHODOLOGY 31 3.1 Object and scope of the study 31 3.1.1 Research subjects 31 3.1.2 Research scope 31 3.2 Location, study time 31 3.3 Research content 31 3.3.1 Survey, assess the natural, socio-economic conditions of the Bac Ninh city 31 3.3.2 Survey and evaluate the current status of waste in the Bac Ninh city 31 3.4 Research Methods 32 3.4.1 Method of collecting secondary data 32 3.4.2 Survey method, interview 32 3.4.3 Method of surveying the local survey in combination with the interview 33 3.4.4 Analytical method of data synthesis 33 3.4.5 Method of determining the volume and composition of garbage 33 CHAPTER IV DISCUSSION AND LESSON LEARNED 34 4.2 Assessment of waste management and treatment in the area of Bac Ninh city 34 4.2.1 Source of waste and components of domestic waste in the Bac Ninh city 34 4.2.2 Collection status transport Waste treatment of the Bac Ninh city 38 4.2.2.1 Solid waste management in Bac Ninh province 38 4.2.2.2 Collection status, transport and handling of domestic solid waste 40 4.2.3 Assessment of community awareness on the management and treatment of domestic waste in Bac Ninh city 46 4.3 Some problems in waste management in Bac Ninh city 48 Proposed measurements to manage and address daily garbage in wards in the Bac ninh city 49 4.4.1 Solutions to waste management 49 4.4.1.1 Solutions on raising awareness of waste management 49 4.4.1.2 For activities of collecting and treating domestic waste 51 4.4.2 Solutions for environment at city level 51 4.4.3 Technology solutions 52 CHAPTER CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 54 5.1 Conclusions 54 5.3 Recommendation 55 References 56 Appendix 58 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2.1 Administrative map of Bac Ninh city 24 Figure 4.1: Percentage distribution of waste components in wards 38 Figure 4.2: Domestic solid waste management model in Bac Ninh city 39 Picture 1.1: Dong Ngo rubbish dump - Bac Ninh city 58 LIST OF TABLES Table 2: Solid waste generation in some countries 16 Table 2.1: Monthly average air temperature 26 Table 2.2: Average monthly evaporation volume 26 Table 2.3: Characteristics of air humidity in Bac Ninh city 26 Table 2.4: Monthly average wind speed 27 Table 2.5: Population of Bac Ninh in the years 28 Table 4.1: Volume of domestic waste generated at sources 34 Table 4.2: Waste generated in households in wards in Bac Ninh city 35 Table 4.3: Total waste generated from sources in wards Bac Ninh city 36 Table 4.4: Composition of garbage in wards in Bac Ninh city 37 Table 4.5: Average amount of waste collected in wards in Bac Ninh city 42 Table 4.6: Rate of household waste collection at Bac Ninh city 43 Table 4.7: The maximum rate of collection and transportation services for garbage collected in the area of Bac Ninh province 45 Table 4.8: The level of public interest in environmental issue 47 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS EPA: Environmental Protection Agency ODA: Official Development Assistance TWh: Terawatt hours EM : Effective Microorganism CHAPTER INTRODUCTION 1.1 Rationale Vietnam is on the path of industrialization and modernization of the country Moving from a subsidized economy to a market economy, Vietnam is facing enormous challenges in terms of economic growth and the fight for environmental protection In recent years, with the increasing urbanization speed and the strong development of industries, services, tourism leading to higher living standards, waste arising from the activities of people is becoming more and more diverse and more toxic in nature The management and treatment of daily life waste in most cities and towns of our country have not met the requirements of hygiene and environmental protection There are no consistent solutions, correct policies and appropriate steps to manage solid waste in urban construction and management will lead to unintended consequences, deterioration of the environment quality, which entails risks to public health and limits the development of society Over the years, together with the economic development to improve people's lives In order to realize the objective of sustainable development, economic development and environmental protection, the management and treatment of solid waste in Bac Ninh province has been and is being concerned by the provincial authorities and concerned agencies Although the facilities, technical facilities and people have been strengthened, garbage collection and treatment has not met the actual demand This shows what is and is not in the management of solid waste in general and waste in particular in Bac Ninh city The management of domestic waste is an indispensable requirement and this problem needs to be solved in a timely manner, ensuring first and foremost sanitary, urban landscape, public health and it also ensures to minimize negative impact on the environment Recognizing the importance of waste management in the face of the many difficulties of this management, and with the consent of the management board, the board of directors of Advanced Education Program Office - University of Thai Remarks on the working attitude of garbage collectors - 52/70 households rated it good 74,3 - 18/70 households have no opinion 25,7 From the above results, the level of people's interest in the environment is quite good: Many households are very conscious of saving and utilizing surplus products for re-use Consciousness of the people on environmental protection increases as they are more difficult to hear the information through television or radio Many households are concerned about the life of garbage collectors and they are aware that this is a very hard and toxic job Therefore, in order to improve waste management, the wards should further strengthen the dissemination of environmental knowledge to the people and call on the people to protect the environment If this is the case then the environment will be protected 4.3 Some problems in waste management in Bac Ninh city In recent years, the management of waste in Bac Ninh city has been the authorities at all levels, agencies and investment concern so the management has changed, achieved more good results However, there are inevitably errors and limitations as follows: * In the management - Activities of propagating and mobilizing the people to participate in maintaining hygiene and environmental protection are only launched, not yet regularly and deeply implemented - The consciousness of the majority of people is quite good, but besides, a small part still has low awareness about environmental protection, so the phenomenon of throwing garbage indiscriminately to the roads, rivers, streams, ponds and lakes, still As such, education and propaganda can not be effective and the application of sanctions has not been regular and continuous * In handling work - In the area nowadays, the knowledge about garbage classification is not yet popular so classification of garbage is not done in Bac Ninh province Many people argue that garbage is a waste, so it is not necessary to classify it Some households 48 are aware of the importance of waste classification in the condition that garbage can not be classified At the source, the waste is collected together Therefore, the treatment process is difficult because the waste sorting has not been carried out before and after collection - In waste burial sites, domestic waste and some other garbage such as hazardous waste and industrial waste shall be buried together - Collected garbage is not treated in full and dumped at the landfill, which is mainly buried, causing environmental pollution which affects the health of people living around area Proposed measurements to manage and address daily garbage in wards in the Bac ninh city 4.4.1 Solutions to waste management 4.4.1.1 Solutions on raising awareness of waste management Any policy that is put into practice will not be successful without the support of the people The people are directly affected by the impacts from the environment At the same time, they are the main actors on the environment They play a very important role in the socialization of garbage collection and transportation High or low collection efficiency depends very much on the consciousness of the people However, the sense of environmental protection of the people is not natural, but rather a conditional reflection, through educational programs, oriented mass movements, through puzzle game In order to build a mass movement, to build a sense of environmental protection in a wide range of local populations, a number of measures: Change of perception and hence change of behavior: that is the great role of propaganda At present, society is developing in the direction of industrialization and modernization, in which information plays a very important role in the life of every citizen We often have access to information about the environment in particular and other information in general through mass media such as books, newspapers, magazines, radio stations, television stations, and other means Communication programs are designed to be appropriate for each target group, ie to be specific, clear and understandable and in various forms of 49 communication Thus, we have to use a multi-faceted, integrated approach, including a wide range of influential means of communication: local radio, leaflets that combine public sanitation, mobilize the movement of environmental sanitation, sweeping the village lanes; Organize the resolution of environmental disputes through village meetings; Integrate environmental education into the curriculum to educate students The Department of Natural Resources and Environment of the city should organize more propaganda and dissemination of knowledge on environmental sanitation Coordinating with mass organizations to organize training courses in agencies and schools to raise the people's responsibility Departments of mass organizations in the city such as the Youth Union, the Department of Natural Resources and Environment, the Culture and Information Division, the Economic Division, the Divison of Education and Training need to coordinate smoothly in the program to educate and widely popularize environmental protection knowledge for the population Bringing environmental education lessons to the students' training program, helping them to be aware of environmental protection from an early age Build "Green, Clean, Beautiful" emulation movements in schools and residential areas, thereby educating people about environmental protection Organizing contests to learn about environmental protection in schools, or households These contests are designed as an entertainment program, broadcast on local radio and television stations, contributing to educating the consciousness of the environment Youth union and local authorities should combine the building of groups and volunteer groups to collect solid waste in residential areas Youth Union in conjunction with schools, organizers of picnics, solid waste collection in the residential areas, and then sweeping the emulation movement for environmental protection Thus, it can be argued that issues related to garbage will be solved with active participation, active community, waste is a purely social issue rooted in the activities human life, which more specifically this issue is determined entirely by the consciousness of each person Therefore, the management of waste in general and the socialization of environmental sanitation in particular are effective, somehow need to change the perception of each person and gradually change their 50 behavior The most effective way to raise awareness of the community is through good communication 4.4.1.2 For activities of collecting and treating domestic waste * Collection activities: + Piloting the classification of solid wastes at source + To organize the collection in a timely and thorough manner, especially in markets, tourist resorts and crowded residential areas The schedule and method of collection should be regularly monitored to select the appropriate method and reduce the collection cost to the lowest level with the highest achieved efficiency + To control and supervise the discharge of solid wastes into the environment, ensuring that wastes are disposed of properly + Enhance the role and capacity of Bac Ninh Urban Public Works and Environment Limited Company to increase the number of specialized vehicles for waste transportation and to plan the locations of public waste bins + To raise the capacity of garbage collection and transportation of environmental sanitation groups in localities in the province + For garbage collectors, it is necessary to equip workers with the basic knowledge on composition, classification, treatment and disposal of waste * Handling work : The landfill of waste bury sites, the construction of waste burying sites, ensuring environmental sanitation standards and meeting the requirements of local solid waste burial (at least 25 years) Apply appropriate technologies for waste treatment to ensure environmental sanitation standards There are measures to treat leachate in landfills, and measures to address environmental pollution caused by former landfills 4.4.2 Solutions for environment at city level Based on the survey and analysis of the current status of domestic solid waste management in Bac Ninh city to improve the efficiency of managing and processing the domestic solid waste in the Bac Ninh city then relevant ministries should implement some solutions as follows: 51 - Long-term strategic solution is to train and improve environmental management staff in order to improve the environmental management capacity in general and the special training environment in particular - Every year, the Department of Natural Resources and Environment develops the provincial management plan for the provincial level, in close coordination with the district and town people's committees to implement the management of the state budget - Specific measures must be taken to prevent the production, business and service establishments from pouring waste into ponds, lakes, canals and streets Organize inspections to handle violations according to the Environmental Protection Law and other relevant laws in Vietnam - Applying the principle "polluters pay," the amount of money each household pays depends on the amount of waste they emit 4.4.3 Technology solutions Collecting, transporting and managing waste will be ineffective if the pace of socio-economic development can not be kept up Investing in solid waste management and management, applying technical advances is important in the management of solid waste in general and the socialization of the collection and transportation of domestic waste in particular The main contents to be implemented include main tasks : To conduct research and application of scientific achievements on solid waste treatment technology, environmental forecasting and prevention of environmental incidents Studying on specific solid waste treatment technology in Bac Ninh city General orientation of science and technology solutions towards the green economy by promoting more effective waste management measures, minimizing the environmental impact of the "3R”: Reduce, Reuse, Recycle To step by step apply advanced technologies in production establishments in order to save both natural resources and contribute to environmental protection To intensify the application of scientific and technological achievements and solve a disruptive environmental problem if applying scientific and technological achievements in a synchronous and effective manner The city's environmental 52 management department is responsible for facilitating the promotion of favorable conditions, speeding up progress, building a priority list, mobilizing labor Together with the State agencies on environment, aiming at solving environmental problems with high efficiency and application of scientific and technological achievements The specific tasks are as follows: - Make a list of priority environmental pollution issues To develop synchronously the system of technical infrastructures to make fundamental changes in environmental work, to pay attention to building common garbage gathering places from population groups, villages, quarters to wards and communes Encourage and promote the application of new technologies to address environmental issues such as green productivity, clean production, recycling With the principle of focusing on pollution problems at source, checking the environmental feasibility of new projects, paying attention to recycling capacity Priority is given to low-pollution options, using recycled materials, which not have a significant impact on the environment Drastically classify daily garbage at source synchronously with transportation and handling - Establish a reusable waste collection network Carrying out audits and inspections of the environment for industrial establishments 53 CHAPTER CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 5.1 Conclusions After months of investigating the collection, transportation and treatment of domestic waste in Bac Ninh city, I have some conclusions as follows: - Bac Ninh city is the political, economic and cultural center of Bac Ninh province with concentrated population As the province has many historical relics, the famous annual festival attracted a considerable number of visitors so that the amount of waste discharged into the environment is quite large Another difficulty that the city is facing is the garbage collected when it is not classified at the source causing difficulties for processing - The amount of domestic waste generated from the city's sources is 254.91 tons / day The amount of waste generated from the household is mainly with the volume of 154.8 tons/day (accounting for 60.7%), from other sources is about 100.11 tons/day (accounting for 39.3%) - The composition of organic waste is 46.1%, the remaining components account for a small proportion (such as plastic 5.7%) But this is a factor causing much harm to the environment Appropriate measures should be taken - The rate of garbage collected in the wards, on average, is 83%, the rate of garbage collectors collected by the city by Bac Ninh Urban Environment One Member Limited Company and Urban Public Works A total of 154 sanitation workers, cars; 215 hand trolley; specialized vehicles, bulldozers The amount of garbage collected by the company is about 224.54 tons/day, about 86.22% of daily garbage volume 5.2 Lesson learned After months of practicing at the Department of Natural Resources and Environment of Bac Ninh Province, I learned a lot of experience Firstly, I learned the professional working style of the staff Secondly , I learned a lot about the legal documents related to environmental issues, learned how to handle some mistakes related to environmental issues Next, I learned practical experience on how to get water pollution and air pollution indicators through factory visits I learned some 54 experience in operating wastewater treatment plant in my place of environmental project 5.3 Recommendation For better implementation of environmental protection, we propose some specific solutions and make some recommendations as follows: - Organizations and mass organizations in the region jointly participate in and propagate and mobilize people to actively participate in environmental protection in their respective localities Raise people's awareness of garbage issues through communication models - Investment in garbage collection and transportation; enhancing the role and capacity of Bac Ninh Urban Environmental Protection and Environment Limited Company, increasing the number of specialized vehicles for waste transportation and planning the locations of public waste bins - Apply appropriate technologies to treat waste to ensure environmental sanitation standards There are measures to treat leachate in landfills, and measures to address environmental pollution caused by former landfills - Comprehensive solutions should be taken from classification, collection, transportation and disposal, especially recycling of domestic waste - Bac Ninh Urban Environmental Protection and Environment Limited Company is the only unit in the city that carries domestic waste, so the implementation process is not competitive This leads to low quality of service, not meeting current demand for garbage collection and transportation and does not meet the actual demand Therefore, it is recommended that more companies perform environmental sanitation tasks, ensuring that waste management, collection and transportation are not overloaded as the current situation 55 REFERENCES Department of Environmental Health (2006), Solid Waste Management, University of Public Health, pp 70-75 Nguyen The Chinh (2003), Environmental Economics and Management, Hanoi Statistics Publishing House, pages 233-246 Danida Project (2007), Capacity Building for Urban Environmental Planning and Management, Hanoi University of Architecture, Hanoi, p 22 Nguyen Thi Anh Hoa (2006), Environment and Solid Waste Management, Lam Dong Department of Science, Technology and Environment, pp 116-123 Le Huynh Mai, Nguyen Mai Phong, "Socializing Environmental Protection, International Experiences and Suggestions for Vietnam", Journal of Natural Resources and Environment, March 1, 2009 5), page 12 Tran Hieu Nhue, Ung Quoc Dung, Nguyen Thi Kim Thai (2001), Solid Waste Management (Volume 1), Hanoi Construction Publishing House, pages 4-8 Nguyen Xuan Nguyen (2004), Waste Technology and Solid Waste, Science and Technology Publisher, p 38 Tran Quang Ninh, National Center for Scientific and Technological Information (2008), "Introduction to Solid Waste Technology in a number of countries and in Vietnam", pages 3-9 Bac Ninh People's Committee (2012), Socialization of environmental sanitation in Bac Ninh city, period 2013-2017, page People's Committee of Bac Ninh Province (2012), Promulgating regulation on solid waste management in rural areas of Bac Ninh province, page Bac Ninh People's Committee (2014), Decision 105/2014 / QD-UBNB on promulgating regulations on solid waste management in Bac Ninh province Bac Ninh Statistical Yearbook, 2014, pp 41-42 Integrated Solid Waste Management, McGraw-HILL 199, pp 7-13 56 Official Journal of ISWA (1998), Wastes Management and Research, International Solid Waste Association, pp 4-6 Offcial Jouiranal of ISWA (2005), Wastes Management and Research, International Solid Waste Association, 23 Waste management and recycling in Asia, Atsushi Terazono, IGES, 2005, pages 16 https://thuvienphapluat.vn/van-ban/Tai-chinh-nha-nuoc/Quyet-dinh-40-2017-QDUBND-gia-toi-da-dich-vu-thu-gom-van-chuyen-rac-thai-sinh-hoat-Bac-Ninh371147.aspx [Accessed 11/09/2018] http://ctk.bacninh.gov.vn/news/-/details/7868686/nien-giam-thong-ke [ Accessed 12/07/2018] http://quantracmoitruong.gov.vn/Portals/0/Bao%20cao/SOE%202011/Baocaomoitr uongquocgia2011.pdf [ Accessed 5/07/2018] http://bacninh.gov.vn/news/-/details/20182/-ia-ly-tu-nhien-tai-nguyen-va-moitruong [ Accessed 11/09/2018] http://bacninh.gov.vn/news/-/details/20182/dan-cu-kinh-te-van-hoa-xa-hoi-tinh-bacninh [ Accessed 8/07/2018] 57 APPENDIX Photo 1.1 Dong Ngo rubbish park - Bac Ninh city 58 PHIẾU ĐIỀU TRA PHỎNG VẤN Phần 1: Thông tin cá nhân Họ tên người vấn: …………………………………………………… Giới tính: Nam Nữ Trình độ học vấn: Cấp Cấp THCN CĐ ĐH Cấp sau ĐH Nghề nghiệp: ……………………………… Mặt hàng sản xuất, kinh doanh (nếu có):……………………………… Số nhân khẩu: ……… Chỗ nay:……………………………………………………………… Phần 2: Nội dung vấn Câu 1: Rác thải gia đình thu gom xử lý nào? Có xe thu gom Tự xử lý cách chôn lấp, đổ sông, suối, khu đất trống Cách khác: ……………………… Câu 2: Gia đình có phân loại rác để bán đồng nát (chai, lọ, giấy, sắt, nhơm, …) khơng? Có Khơng Câu 3: Gia đình có phân loại rác làm thức ăn chăn nuôi (cơm thừa, rau, hoa quả, …) khơng? Có Khơng Câu 4: Lượng rác thải phát sinh hàng ngày gia đình khoảng: Dưới 0,5 kg/ngày Từ 0,5 – kg/ngày Trên kg/ngày Câu 5: Hàng tháng gia đình phải đóng tiền cho việc thu gom rác? ……………… đồng/tháng/người Câu 6: Các điểm chứa rác thải có ảnh hưởng đến việc lại, có gây mùi thối, có ảnh hưởng đến sức khỏe người mĩ quan khu vực không? Có Khơng 59 Ý kiến khác: ……………………… Câu 7: Rác nhà có thường xun thu gom khơng? Có Khơng Câu 8: Việc thu gom rác đảm bảo vệ sinh mơi trường chưa? Có đảm bảo Bình thường Chưa đảm bảo Ý kiến khác ……………………… Câu 9: Có nên tiến hành phân loại rác nguồn khơng? Có Khơng Ý kiến khác: ………………………………………………………………… Câu 10: Tại tổ dân phố có tổ chức đội tự quản giữ gìn vệ sinh mơi trường , BVMT khơng? Có Khơng Câu 11: Có cần phải tiến hành thu gom nhiều lượt không (để đảm bảo hết lượng rác phát sinh ra)? Có Khơng Câu 12: Cơ, có theo dõi thơng tin môi trường hay biết luật, văn môi trường khơng?  Có  Khơng Câu 13: Cơ,chú thấy thái độ làm việc công nhân vệ sinh môi trường nào?  Tốt  Chưa tốt Chữ ký người dân Sinh viên vấn Nguyễn Minh Vũ 60 SURVEY FORM Part 1: Personal information Full name: …………………………………………………… Gender: Male Female Educational background: Primary school College University Junior high school High school Postgraduate school Job : ……………………………… Goods of production or business (if any):……………………………… Population number : ……… Address :……………………………………………………………… Part 2: Interview content Question 1: How is household waste collected and treated? Car collectors Handle it by burial, or pour into rivers, streams, or vacant land Other ways: ……………………… Question 2: Does the household sort waste to sell crushed (bottles, vials, paper, iron, aluminum )? Yes No Question 3: Does the family classify garbage for animal feed (redundant rice, vegetables, fruits etc)? Yes No Question 4: How much waste does a household discharge? Under 0.5 kg/day From 0,5 to kg/day Upper kg/day Question 5: How much money is required for garbage collection? ……………… VND/month/person Question 6: Do garbage spots affect travel, cause stench, affect the health of everyone and the beautiful area ? Yes No 61 Other idea: ……………………… Question 7: Does the garbage often collect in your house?? Yes No Question 8: Does garbage collection have environmental sanitation ? Guaranteed Normal Not guaranteed Other idea:……………………… Question 9: Should the waste be sorted at home ? Yes No Other idea: ………………………………………………………………… Question 10: Do people have a self-managed team to keep environmental sanitation, environmental protection in the neighborhood? Yes No Question 11: Should more collection be done to ensure the amount of waste generated? Yes No Question 12: Do you monitor environmental information or environmental laws?  Yes  No Question 13: How you see the working attitude of environmental workers?  Good  Not good Signature of the people Student interview Nguyễn Minh Vũ 62 ... Figure 2.1 Administrative map of Bac Ninh city, Bac Ninh province Figure 2.1 Administrative map of Bac Ninh city, Bac Ninh province Bac Ninh has 19 administrative units (Tien An, Ninh Xa, Suoi... "Assessment of waste management and treatment in Bac Ninh city " 1.2 Objectives - Assessing the current situation of collecting, transporting and treating household waste in Bac Ninh city, Bac. .. mentioned by Bac Ninh province leaders The following report shows the status of waste management in Bac Ninh City and outline some measurements to minimize the amount of waste in Bac Ninh City Keywords