UNDERGRADUATE THESIS: ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL CRITERIA FOR NEW COUNTRYSIDE APPLIED IN MINH KHAI COMMUNE – HOAI DUC DISTRICT – HANOI Supervisor: Ass.Prof. Nguyen Dinh HoeStudent: Hoang Thi Giang
UNDERGRADUATE THESIS ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL CRITERIA FOR NEW COUNTRYSIDE APPLIED IN MINH KHAI COMMUNE – HOAI DUC DISTRICT – HANOI Supervisor: Ass.Prof Nguyen Dinh Hoe Student: Hoang Thi Giang Outlines I INTRODUCTION • • • In 2008, the Party has adopted the Resolution 26 on agriculture, farmers and countryside, piloting new models in 11 rural communes with the aim of testing methods, mechanisms and policies related to new countryside National Targeted Program on new rural construction in the period 2010-2020 Minh Khai commune has implemented the program from 2010 II OVERVIEW OF NEW RURAL COMMUNES AND THE NATIONAL TARGETED PROGRAM ON BUILDING NEW COUNTRYSIDE New countryside • A rural commune is a third-level (commune-level) administrative subdivision of Vietnam Rural communes are subdivisions of counties, which are in turn subdivisions of provinces • New Rural period 2010 - 2020 has differences from Rural: - Economy is developed, material and spiritual lives of people are enhanced - Rural areas are developed under planning - People’s cultural standard is enhanced - Security is good - Quality of the political system is improved The objectives of National Target Program on Building New Rural Communes To build a new countryside with gradually modern socio-economic infrastructure, rational economic structure and forms of production organization; To associate agriculture with quick development of industries and services, and rural with urban development under planning To assure a democratic and stable rural community To protect the eco-environment and maintain security To raise people’s material and spiritual lives The criteria for New National Rural • • ⁻ ⁻ ⁻ ⁻ ⁻ 19 criteria Environment The percentage of households using clean water in accordance with national standards The production facilities reaching environmental standards No activities causing environmental degradation and having activities to develop green, clean and beautiful environment Cemetery is constructed as planned Waste, waste water is collected and handled as prescribed III General socio – economic conditions of Minh Khai commune Natural conditions Land resource • The total area of the commune is: 192.25 ha, of which ⁻ 114.03 of agricultural land, including 111.87 for annual crops land, 1.93 ⁻ ⁻ for perennial plantings, 1.92 for aquaculture land Annual crop land including: 53.8 hectares of paddy land, 56.38 of others Non-agricultural land is 78.22 ha, 38.3 of which for housing land, 31.61 hectares of exclusively used land, 0.83 hectares of land for beliefs, 0.97 of cemetery land, 6.16 of rivers land and water surface; other non-agricultural land is of 0.35 The type of soil in the commune is the mixture of light rich soil and sandy soil which is suitable to cultivate fresh vegetable, ornamental plants and fruit trees Water resource • • Surface water sources: ponds The groundwater resources are plentiful, with over meters in depth Groundwater quality is generally pretty good but has high content of iron Economic conditions i Agricultural sector • Increase crop productivity, but decrease proportion in economy • Crops: mainly are rice, corn, sweet potatoes and some others • Livestock: pig, cow and chicken • • • • Disadvantages Under the effect of industrialization and urbanization; less people interests in agriculture leading to poor investment in technology, capital, and infrastructure Socio – Economic infrastructures have not met the requirements of the new development in the context of industrialization, urbanization taking place at high speed The complexity of international markets and the global economic downturn has caused a negative impact on the process of commune’s socio – economic development The policies applied in the commune are not synchronized IV Research method Use the research methodology to evaluate the performance of five environmental criteria of New Countryside programs in Minh Khai commune Research’s questions • • • From the beginning of the new countryside program, which criteria has the commune done? What ways and measures the commune has been used to achieve these criteria? For those criteria that are not achieved, what is the reasons? What are the difficulties and challenges in the implementation process? Methods of collecting data i Collecting secondary data Data are collected from the articles, reports and statistics from the commune ii Interview The interview’s subjects: the producers; households not involved in the production iii Survey, direct observation Direct observation in the study area is in order to verify and detect additional environmental problems Method of document analysis: •Based on data collected to analyze and synthesize to make charts, diagrams and answer the questions of the research •It is needed to be careful when select the information to use in building accurate theoretical points of the research V Results Criteria The percentage of households using clean 2012 Not Achieved water The production facilities reaching 2013 Achieved 100% of populations uses clean water Not Achieved Not Achieved Not Achieved Not Achieved Having a planned cemetery Not Achieved Not Achieved Waste and waste water are collected and Not Achieved Not Achieved handled (Just collect solid waste) (no waste treatment area) environmental standards No activities causing environmental degradation; having activities to develop a green-clean-beautiful environment 1. Criterion “Number of households using clean water” • • Rain water and water from drilled wells are main water resources for daily activities Water from drilled wells is used for activities such as: washing or production after being filtered through a filter tank to eliminate iron content before using Rainwater is used for cooking Criterion “The production facilities reaching environmental standards” • • • • • 800 households engaged in manufacturing Most of the production facilities are small scale; production facilities located in the residential area The laborers are not trained about labor safety and food safety People pays attention on profit more than on the food hygiene The commune has no professors on food safety Criterion “No activities causing environmental degradation and having activities to keep green – clean – beautiful environment” i • • From agriculture Flowering requires a lot of chemicals Number of farmers renting their land to flowersares from other communes (Tay Tuu commune) increases According to the statistics show that from 2001 to 2011, the area of cultivation of other annual crops (including floriculture) increased 16:38 ii. From productive activities • • Old technology Economic benefits Criterion “The cemetery area was built as planned” • • • • A 0.97 hectares cemetery Having a watchman and communal rules Having a plan to rearrange the cemetery It’s still on planning Criterion “Waste and wastewater is collected and processed” • • • • Collection teams to collect waste regularly Sewer system has been concreted but not completed Overload in high season of production No treatment area for waste and wastewater Conclusion • • It is difficult to see changes or improvements in environmental isues in Minh Khai; for example from 2012 to 2013, this commune only achieved one environmental criterion of clean water supply Meanwhile, environmental problems in the commune have been being worse The increase of dimension of production facilities leading to the increase in the volume of wastewater and wastewater discharged into the environment In high season, the pollution situation becomes more serious Local authorities have take many measurements to improve the situation such as propagating to raise awareness of people on environmental protection through the social media networks, renting Thanh Cong cooperative to clean roads and ensure the hygiene of living areas Because of the lack of specialist on food safety and sanitation and environmental issues, the supervisions on implementing environmental criteria is limited leading to the degradating of environment Recommandations Recommendations on policy The city and district governments should support mechanisms and funds to build social utility such as roads, shools, and water supply system Setting up organizations to supervise acriteria at all levels and punish facilities that discharge waste to environment Allocating responsible staffs for environmental management; establishing training programs to enhance knowledge, administrative ability for local staffs Recommendation on communication • • Calling the production households to produce associated with environmental protection, updating reports on the model, modern technologies in production on the radio system to mobilize the producers to change the old technology, • • • • • • Applying cleaner production technology to reduce environmental pollution Investment on infrastructure Building drinking water system to supply 100% of households in the region Upgrading the environmental protection infrastructure, increasing the percentage of green area Building waste disposal areas and wastewater treatment to processed local waste Upgrading sewers system; choosing suitalble drainage system for residential [...]... Overload in high season of production No treatment area for waste and wastewater Conclusion • • It is difficult to see changes or improvements in environmental isues in Minh Khai; for example from 2012 to 2013, this commune only achieved one environmental criterion of clean water supply Meanwhile, environmental problems in the commune have been being worse The increase of dimension of production facilities... technologies in production on the radio system to mobilize the producers to change the old technology, • • • • • • Applying cleaner production technology to reduce environmental pollution Investment on infrastructure Building drinking water system to supply 100% of households in the region Upgrading the environmental protection infrastructure, increasing the percentage of green area Building waste disposal... programs in Minh Khai commune Research’s questions • • • From the beginning of the new countryside program, which criteria has the commune done? What ways and measures the commune has been used to achieve these criteria? For those criteria that are not achieved, what is the reasons? What are the difficulties and challenges in the implementation process? 1 Methods of collecting data i Collecting secondary... construction of new countryside Advantages • Locating near the capital Hanoi brings to the commune number of advantages, especially on trade exchange • • Alluvial source from Day river The economy has been shifting in the right direction, increasing the proportion of industry and services, and reducing the proportion of agriculture • Culture, health, education are gradually invested in facilities,... needs of the people and the development of the commune • The commune s labourers have skills and experinces from years of working • • • • Disadvantages Under the effect of industrialization and urbanization; less people interests in agriculture leading to poor investment in technology, capital, and infrastructure Socio – Economic infrastructures have not met the requirements of the new development in. .. of industrialization, urbanization taking place at high speed The complexity of international markets and the global economic downturn has caused a negative impact on the process of commune s socio – economic development The policies applied in the commune are not synchronized IV Research method Use the research methodology to evaluate the performance of five environmental criteria of New Countryside ... 18.1% of the total production value of the whole commune In 2010 the commune had 550 employees participating in trading, accounting for 18.33% of the entire labor force This sector has not been commesurate with the potential 3 Social status • Total population of the commune is: 5642 persons, 1355 households, an avarage of 4.2 persons/household + Population growth rate: + The rate of natural increase:... 0,11% 99.5% of population is “Kinh“ and 0.5% is other ethnic groups Labor: 3208 workers, accounting for 56.8% of the population Agricultural workers accounts for 463 people (15.8%) Commercial services account for the lower 462 people (14.2%) Industry - Handicraft Industry – Construction combined account for a high proportion of 2123 people (70%) General assessment of the socio – economic – natural conditions... tank to eliminate iron content before using Rainwater is used for cooking 2 Criterion “The production facilities reaching environmental standards” • • • • • 800 households engaged in manufacturing Most of the production facilities are small scale; production facilities located in the residential area The laborers are not trained about labor safety and food safety People pays attention on profit more... The commune has no professors on food safety 3 Criterion “No activities causing environmental degradation and having activities to keep green – clean – beautiful environment” i • • From agriculture Flowering requires a lot of chemicals Number of farmers renting their land to flowersares from other communes (Tay Tuu commune) increases According to the statistics show that from 2001 to 2011, the area of