Assessment of the environmental situation of pig farming in phu thai limited company of agricultural development pho yen, thai nguyen

THAINGUYEN UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY - TRAN TRUNG DUNG TOPIC TITLE: ASSESSMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL SITUATION OF PIG FARMING IN PHU THAI LIMITED COMPANY OF AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT - PHO YEN, THAI NGUYEN BACHELOR THESIS Study mode : Full time Major : Environmental Science and Management Faculty : International Training and Development Center Batch : 2011-2015 Thai Nguyen - 2015 i DOCUMENTATION PAGE WITH ABSTRACT Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry Degree Program Bachelor of Environmental Science and Management Student name TRAN TRUNG DUNG Student ID Thesis Title DTN1153180023 Assessment of the environmental situation of pig farming in Phu Thai limited company of agricultural development - Pho Yen, Thai Nguyen Supervisor (s) Dr Nguyen Hung Quang Abstract: Factory Farms have become the norm concerning the way humans raise meat for their consumption However, the transition from family farming practices to modern technological farming practices that has taken place within the last couple of centuries, has profound impacts, not only on the lives of the animals in these farms, but also on human beings and the environment This research paper seeks to evaluate this transition with respect to its implications on pigs specifically, and also on humans and the environment Consequently, the research paper has been broken into three different parts, tackling the three core themes of the question Sub‐divisions to each main point will be evaluated The conclusion reached is that factory farming has adverse effects on the pigs, humans, and on the environment A more humane approach towards raising animals for consumption and long‐term thinking concerning waste management needs to be considered, in order to prevent the current negative externalities in the future Key words: Waste treatment, solid waste, liquid waste, pig production, management, biogas Number of pages: 65 pages Date of submission: 30/09/2015 Supervisor’s Signature: ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT In the process of implementing this research entitled: "Assessment of the environmental situation of pig farming in Phu Thai limited company of agricultural development - Pho Yen, Thai Nguyen" I got the guide and help, encouragement of the teachers and the students I would like to express my sincere gratitude to the following: First and foremost, I wish to express sincere thanks to the Director Board of Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry, board of managers of International Training and Development Center and all the teachers have dedicated teaching, the scientific knowledge and the valuable experience for me during the training period, learning in school In particular, I take this opportunity to express profound gratitude and deep regards to the supervisor Dr Nguyen Hung Quang, who guided me wholeheartedly, to advise, to impart knowledge and valuable experiences to help me during the study and completed thesis Furthermore, I sincerely thanks to her uncle, elder brother and elder sister officers in Phu Thai Limited company of agricultural development during the implementation of this research at the agency and the whole households who have helped me during the investigation, interviewing, and collecting of data Finally, I would like to express our gratitude to the family, relatives and friends who have helped me during the internship Due to the short time, limited professional qualification and less experience the report may have inevitable mistakes I very much look forward to the valuable inputs and recommendation of teachers and friends to my thesis to become more perfect Thank you very much! Thai Nguyen, 23/10/2015 Student Tran Trung Dung iii TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF TABLES LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS INTRODUCTION 1.1 Urgency of the theme 1.2 Objectives of the study 1.3 The significance of the topics PART I LITERATURE REVIEW 1.1 Scientific basis of the subject 1.1.1 The effect of raising the life and economy 1.1.2 The type of breeding in the world and Vietnam 18 1.2 Legal basis related 30 PART II SUBJECTS, MATERIALS AND METHODS 32 2.1 Object and scope of the study 32 2.1.1 Object of study 32 2.1.2 Scope of research 32 2.2 Research content 32 2.3 Research Methods 33 2.3.1 Methods of collecting and analyzing secondary data 33 2.3.2 Methods of collecting primary data 33 iv -2.3.3 Sampling method 33 2.3.4 Analytical methods 38 2.3.5 Statistical methods, data processing and analysis, and synthesis of data 38 PART III RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 39 3.1 Natural conditions, socioeconomic in the region 39 3.1.1 Natural condition 39 3.1.2 These resources 40 3.1.3 Social and economic conditions 41 3.2 Evaluation of the pig production in Phu Thai Limited company of Agricultural Development 43 3.2.1 The number of pigs in Phu Thai Limited company of Agricultural Development 43 3.2.2 The system type and scale pig breeding livestock 43 3.2.3 Farming methods 44 3.2.4 Feed, water for pigs on farms 45 3.2.5 Disease Prevention at farm 45 3.2.6 The status of waste management measures in pig production applied in the company 45 3.3 Assessment of environmental quality in Phu Thai Limited company of Agricultural Development 47 3.3.1 The test results, analyze the air 47 3.3.2 The test results, analyze water 50 3.3.3 The test results, analyze soil samples 53 3.4 Review social factors affecting environmental pollution 54 v 3.4.1 The awareness of farmers with environmental hygiene 54 3.4.2 Perception of breeder for human health 54 3.5 Proposed measures to reduce environmental pollution 54 3.5.1 Measures Policy law 54 3.5.2 Technological measures 55 3.5.3 Communication and education measures 57 3.5.4 Management measures, zoning 58 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 59 Conclusion 59 Recommendations 60 REFERENCES 62 vi LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1 Model of solid waste of animal husbandry management in the world 23 Figure 2.1 Location of environmental sampling 35 Figure 3.1 Boundary map of the company 39 Figure 3.2 Path diagram of livestock waste 46 LIST OF TABLES Table 1.1 Number of pigs by regions of Vietnam 10 Table 1.2 Number of Sows over the years 12 Table 1.3 Production of pork through the years 14 Table 1.4 Number of pig meat through the years 15 Table 2.1 Location of sampling 34 Table 2.2 Method of Sampling 37 Table 3.1 Measurement results microclimate 47 Table 3.2 Measuring results, analyze the air in the production area 48 Table 3.3 Results of measuring and analyzing air surrounding area 49 Table 3.4 Results of measuring, analyzing wastewater production 50 Table 3.5 Results of measuring, analyzing groundwater 51 Table 3.6 Results of measurement and analysis of surface water 52 Table 3.7 Results of measuring and analyzing soil samples 53 Table 3.8 Calculation of emissions and determines biogas tank capacity 56 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS Abbreviations Meaning BOD Biochemical Oxygen Demand COD Chemical Oxygen Demand DO Demand Oxygen FAO Food and Agriculture Organization IMPACT International Model for Policy Analysis of Agricultural Consumption QCVN Vietnam Regulation QCCP Regulations allow TCVN Vietnam standard UBND Committee QA Quality assurance QC Quality control UASB Upflow anearobic sludge blanket INTRODUCTION 1.1 Urgency of the theme Vietnam is a country which has the high proportion development of agriculture, accounting for over 70% of gross domestic product (GDP) Previously, the cultivation of food crops contributed the majority of the agricultural sector in our country And now, the increase in food production from livestock also brings new advancements in agriculture It has brought high economic efficiency, contribute to the restructuring of agriculture, from farming of livestock, and significant improvements in the economic life of the farmers However, the development of livestock operations, poultry spontaneous rampant, massive in terms of farmers' lack of capital, lack of knowledge has increased pollution of the environment and impacts to public health Especially for small livestock farmers in the lack of planning, especially in densely populated areas has caused environmental pollution worsened Environmental pollution caused by livestock, primarily from the source of solid waste, liquid waste, waste gas, dust, noise, identification of cattle and poultry died were buried, improper disposal techniques For the livestock facility, the waste polluting the environment directly affects on human health, reduce resistance animals, increasing the incidence and costs of prevention and treatment, loss of productivity and economic efficiency Resistance of livestock and poultry will decrease the risk of disease outbreaks According to the World Health Organization (WHO), there are more than 50 infectious faced derived from animal and human feces Currently the rate of disease from + Kq: Coefficient of flow/volume receiving wastewater sources, Kq = 0.9 + Kf: Flow Coefficient Sources, Kf = 1.1 Reviews: From the analysis of wastewater samples after treatment of the company showed that NH4+-N targets beyond 1,545 times, norms total N exceeded 1,396 times the allowed limit, the remaining indicators analysis is within the permitted limits, the remaining indicators analyzed are within permissible limits QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT column B (Kq = 0.9; Kf = 1.1) 3.3.2.2 Measurement results and analysis of groundwater Table 3.5: Results of measuring, analyzing groundwater Result NN-1 QCVN 09:2008/BTNMT - 5.7 5.5-8.5 TDS mg/l 49 - SO42- mg/l 0.8 400 NO3—N mg/l 0.26 15 NO2—N mg/l