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Mệnh đề quan hệ và bài tập có đáp án (phần 1)

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Định nghĩa: Mệnh đề quan hệ dùng để giải thích rõ hơn về danh từ đứng trước nó.. Các đại từ quan hệ và cách dùng: WHO - Chỉ người - Làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ cho động từ đứng sau nó Th

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RELATIVE CLAUSES – MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ (PHẦN 1)

I Định nghĩa:

Mệnh đề quan hệ dùng để giải thích rõ hơn về danh từ đứng trước nó

ex: The woman who is wearing the T-shirt is my girlfriend

II Các đại từ quan hệ và cách dùng:

WHO - Chỉ người

- Làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ cho động từ đứng sau nó

The man who is standing over there is Mr John That is the girl who I told you about

WHOM - Chỉ người

- Làm tân ngữ

The woman whom you saw yesterday is my aunt

WHICH - Chỉ vật

- Làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ

This is the book which I like best

That is the bicycle which belongs to Tom

THAT - Chỉ người và vật

- Thay thế cho vị trí của who,

whom, which trong mệnh đề quan hệ xác định

* Các trường hợp dùng “that”:

- sau dạng so sánh nhất

- sau “the only, the first, the last ”

- sau tiền tố hỗn hợp (người và vật)

- sau đại từ: no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anything, anybody, someone,

something, somebody, all, some, any, little, none

* Các trường hợp không dùng

“that”:

- trong mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định (có dấu phẩy)

- sau giới từ

That is the book that/which I like best That is the bicycle that/which belongs to Tom

My father is the person that/who/whom I admire most

The woman that/who lived here before us is a novelist

- She is the nicest woman that I’ve ever met

- I can see a girl and her dog that are running in

the park

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WHOSE - Chỉ sự sở hữu

- Đứng sau danh từ chỉ người và vật, thay cho tính từ sở hữu trước danh

từ

- WHOSE + NOUN + V

The boy whose bicycle you borrowed yesterday is

Nam

John found a cat whose leg was broken

WHEN - Chỉ thời gian

- Đứng sau danh từ chỉ thời gian

- Dùng thay cho in which, at which,

on which, then

That was the time when (at which) he managed the company

WHERE - Chỉ nơi chốn

- Đứng sau danh từ chỉ nơi chốn

- Dùng thay cho in which, at which,

on which, there

Do you know the country where (in which) I was born?

WHY - Chỉ lí do

- Đứng sau “the reason”

- Dùng thay cho for which

Please tell me the reason why (for which) you are

so happy

III Phân loại mệnh đề quan hệ:

1 Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định (Defining relative clauses): cần thiết vì tiền ngữ

chưa xác định, không có nó câu sẽ không đủ nghĩa

=> Không có dấu phẩy ngăn cách ex: The man who keeps the school library is Mr John That is the book that I like best

2 Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định (Non-defining relative clauses): không cần

thiết vì tiền ngữ đã xác định, không có nó câu vẫn đủ nghĩa

=> Có dấu phẩy ngăn cách

=> Trước danh từ thường có: tên riêng, this , that, these, those, tính từ sở hữu (my, his, her, their)

ex: Mary, whose sister I know, has won an Oscar

That man, whom you saw yesterday, is Mr Pike

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BÀI TẬP – EXERCISE

I Fill in the blanks with WHO, WHICH or THAT:

1 The men _ lives next-door are English

2 The dictionary _ you gave me is very good

3 Do you know the girls _ are standing outside the church?

4 The police are looking for the thieve _ got into my house last night

5 The chocolate _ you like comes from the United States

6 I have lost the necklace _ my mother gave me on my birthday

7 A burglar is someone _ breaks into a house and steals things

8 Buses _ go to the airport run every half hour

9 I can’t find the key _ opens this door

10 I gave you a book _ had many pictures

11 I don’t like the boy _ Sue is going out with

12 Did you see the beautiful dress _ she wore yesterday

13 The man _ she is going to marry is very rich

14 This is the bank _ was robbed yesterday

15 He wore a mask _ made him look like Mickey Mouse

II Fill in the blanks with WHO, WHICH or WHOSE:

1 He arrived with a friend waited outside in the car

2 The man mobile was ringing did not know what to do

3 The car the robbers escaped in was a BMW

4 The woman daughter was crying tried to calm her down

5 The postman works in the village is very old

6 The family car was stolen last week is the Smiths

7 The cowboy is wearing a red shirt looks very funny

8 A bus is a big car carries lots of people

9 The volunteers, enthusiasm was obvious, finished the work quickly

10 Children like music are often good at mathematics

11 The engineers designed the building received an award

12 The girl recited the poem is my niece

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13 The townspeople, pride in their community is well- known, raised enough money to build a new town hall

14 The Pacific Ocean, might have been crossed by raft during the Stone Age, is the world’s largest ocean

15 The newspaper to we subscribe is delivered regularly

III Combine These Pairs Of Sentences Using Relative Pronouns:

1 The first boy has just moved He knows the truth

……… ……… ……

2 I don’t remember the man You said you met him at the canteen last week

……… ……… ……

3 The only thing is how to go home It make me worried

……… ……… ……

4 The most beautiful girl lives city I like her long hair very much

……… ……… ……

5 He was Tom I met him at the bar yesterday

……… ……… ……

6 The children often go swimming on Sundays They have much free time then

……… ……… ……

7 They are looking for the man and his dog They have lost the way in the forest

……… ……… ……

8 The tree has lovely flowers The tree stands near the gate of my house

……… ……… ……

9 My wife wants you to come to dinner You were speaking to my wife

……… ……… ……

10 The last man has just returned from the farm I want to talk to him at once

……… ……… ……

11 The students will be awarded the present The students’ reports are very valuable

……… ……… ……

12 The book was a lovely story I was reading it yesterday

……… ……… ……

13 The botanist will never forget the day He found a strange plant on that day

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……… ……… ……

14 Someone is phoning you He looked for you three hours ago

……… ……… ……

15 The man works for my father’s company The man’s daughter is fond of dancing

……… ……… ……

ĐÁP ÁN

I Fill in the blanks with WHO, WHICH or THAT:

1 The men _who _ lives next-door are English

2 The dictionary _which _ you gave me is very good

3 Do you know the girls _who _ are standing outside the church?

4 The police are looking for the thieve _who _ got into my house last night

5 The chocolate _which _ you like comes from the United States

6 I have lost the necklace _which _ my mother gave me on my birthday

7 A burglar is someone _that _ breaks into a house and steals things

8 Buses _that _ go to the airport run every half hour

9 I can’t find the key _which _ opens this door

10 I gave you a book _which _ had many pictures

11 I don’t like the boy _who _ Sue is going out with

12 Did you see the beautiful dress _which _ she wore yesterday

13 The man _whom _ she is going to marry is very rich

14 This is the bank _which _ was robbed yesterday

15 He wore a mask _which _ made him look like Mickey Mouse

II Fill in the blanks with WHO, WHICH or WHOSE:

1 He arrived with a friend _who _ waited outside in the car

2 The man _whose _ mobile was ringing did not know what to do

3 The car _which _ the robbers escaped in was a BMW

4 The woman _whose _ daughter was crying tried to calm her down

5 The postman _who _ works in the village is very old

6 The family _whose _ car was stolen last week is the Smiths

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7 The cowboy _who _ is wearing a red shirt looks very funny

8 A bus is a big car _which _ carries lots of people

9 The volunteers, _whose _ enthusiasm was obvious, finished the work quickly

10 Children _who _ like music are often good at mathematics

11 The engineers _who _ designed the building received an award

12 The girl _who _ recited the poem is my niece

13 The townspeople, _whose _ pride in their community is well- known, raised

enough money to build a new town hall

14 The Pacific Ocean, _which _ might have been crossed by raft during the Stone Age,

is the world’s largest ocean

15 The newspaper to which _ we subscribe is delivered regularly

III Combine These Pairs Of Sentences Using Relative Pronouns:

1 The first boy who knows the truth has just moved

2 I don’t remember the man whom you said you met at the canteen last week

3 The only thing which make me worried is how to go home

4 The most beautiful girl, whose long hair I like very much, lives in this city

5 The man whom I met at the bar yesterday was Tom

6 The children often go swimming on Sundays when they have much free time

7 They’re looking for the man and his dog that have lost the way in the forest

8 The tree which stands near the gate of my house has lovely flowers

9 My wife, whom you were speaking to, wants you to come to dinner

10 I want to talk to the last man who has just returned from the farm

11 The students whose report are very valuable will be awarded the present

12 The book which I was reading yesterday was a lovely story

13 The botanist will never forget the day when he found a strange plant

14 The person who looked for you three hours ago is phoning you

15 The man whose daughter is fond of dancing works for my father’s company

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