Giới từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ mđqh: - Trường hợp động từ của mđqh dùng whom, which có giới từ, ta có thể đem giới từ đặt ra trước mệnh đề quan hệ trước whom, which.. Ex 2: The shop whi
Trang 1RELATIVE CLAUSES – MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ (PHẦN 2)
Nguồn tham khảo: Sách ngữ pháp Mai Lan Hương – Nguyễn Thanh Loan (2012)
IV Giới từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ (mđqh):
- Trường hợp động từ của mđqh dùng whom, which có giới từ, ta có thể đem giới từ đặt
ra trước mệnh đề quan hệ (trước whom, which)
Ex 1: The man whom Mary is talking to is Mr John
= The man to whom Mary is talking is Mr John
Ex 2: The shop which I got my camera from is near your house
= The shop from which I got my camera is near your house
- Trong mđqh xác định dùng whom, which, ta có thể bỏ whom, which và đặt giới từ ra
sau động từ của mđqh
Ex 1: The man whom Mary is talking to is Mr John
= The man Mary is talking to is Mr John
Ex 2: The shop which I got my camera from is near your house
= The shop I got my camera from is near your house
- Khi dùng that hoặc who, ta không đưa giới từ ra trước
Ex: The man that/who Mary is talking to is Mr John
(NOT: The man to that/ who Mary is talking to is Mr John.)
- Khi giới từ đứng cuối mđqh là thành phần của cụm động từ (phrasal verbs) thì ta không
đem giới từ ra trước whom, which
Ex: This is the book which I’m looking for
That is the child whom you have to look after
V Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ:
1 Dùng cụm phân từ:
- Thể chủ động: V-ING
Ex: The man who is sitting next to you is my teacher
The man sitting next to you is my teacher
- Thể bị động: V3
Ex: The books which were written by To Hoai are interesting
The books written by To Hoai are interesting
Trang 22 Dùng to-inf ( hoặc for+O+to-inf)
- Dùng khi danh từ đứng trước (antecedent) có các từ sau đây bổ nghĩa:
only, last, first, second
This is the only student who can do the problem
This is the only student to do the problem
I was the last person who came to the party
I was the last person to come to the party
- Động từ là have/ has
I don’t like him playing in the streets; I wish we had a garden that he could play in
I don’t like him playing in the streets; I wish we had a garden for him to play in
- Đầu câu có: here (be), there (be)
There’s a lot of work which has to be done
There’s a lot of work to be done
Here is a form that you must fill in
Here is a form for you to fill in
3 Dùng cụm danh từ:
- Football, which is a popular sport, is very good for health
Football, a popular sport, is very good for health
- Do you like the book which is on the table?
Do you like the book on the table?
EXERCISE
I Reduce relative clauses to phrases:
1 The man who is standing there is a clown
2 The envelop which lies on the table has no stamp on it
3 Benzene, which was discovered by Faraday, became the starting point in the manufacture of many dyes, perfumes and explosives
4 My grandmother, who is old and sick, never goes out of the house
Trang 35 The student don't know how to do exercise which were given by the teacher yesterday
6 The diagrams which were made by young Faraday were sent to Sir Humphry Davy at the end of 1812
7 The gentleman who lives next door to me is a well-known orator
8 All the astronauts who are orbiting the earth in space capsules are weightless
9 All students don't hand in their papers will fail in the exam
10 I saw many houses that were destroyed by the storm
11 The street which leads to the school is very wide
12 The system which is used here is very successful
13 John, who teaches my son, is my neighbor
14 Trains which leave from this station take an hour to get to London
15 The candidates who are sitting for the exam are all from Vietnam
16 We are driving on the road which was built in 1980
17 Customers who complain about the service should see the manager
18 The city which was destroyed during the war has now been rebuilt
19 My brother, who met you yesterday, works for a big firm
20 The vegetable which are sold in this shop are grown without chemicals
21 We had a river in which we could swim
Trang 422 The child would be happier if he had someone that he could play with
23 I have some letters that I must write
24 If she had a family that she had to cook for, she would be more interested
25 We had to eat standing up because we don’t have anything that we could sit on
26 There is a bench that your children can sit on
27 Here is the novel that she should read
28 Here are some accounts that you must check
29 The last student that was interviewed was Tom
30 We visited Hanoi, which is the capital of Vietnam
31 My father, who is a pilot, often goes abroad
32 I was the only one who realized him
33 I have some homework which I must do tonight
34 Our solar system is in a galaxy that is called the Milky Way
35 I was awakened by the sound of a laughter which came from the room which was next to mine at the motel
36 There are six reports which have to be typed today
II Choose the correct answer (some might have more than one correct answer):
1 Tom,……….is a monitor of the class, is also the captain of the football
2 The street…………leads to my school is very narrow
Trang 53 Bring me the clock……… is over there
4 My friend, …………aunt is a nurse, would like to be a doctor one day
5 The dog, ……… tail I stepped on, bit me
6 Please give this to the beggar……….is at the door
7 My father gave me the doll………… I had been hoping for
8 Yesterday I met my friend……….gave me a dog on my birthday
9 Any boy………….disobeys the rules will be punished
10 Budapest……….is on the Danube is a beautiful city
11 The river from………….we get our water supply is nearly empty
12 The boy…………father is in prison is my friend
13 Do you know the driver………took them to town last night?
14 Anybody………… is tired may leave
15 He talked about the books and the authors………….interested him
16 The cat …………tail is long does not belong to me
17 All the people…………I met are very friendly
18 Karl Marx is the German philosopher………… principles have changed world’s history
19 We saw many soldiers and tanks………… were moving to the front
Trang 620 We must find a time………we can meet and a place………… we can talk
21 The decision was postponed, ……….was exactly what he wanted
22 He reads all the books………….he can borrow
23 Who is the boy………… you’re looking for?
24 Jim passed his driving test, ………surprised everybody
25 It rained all the time, ………was a pity
26 The Titanic, ………… , was supposed to be unsinkable
1922
27 Ann enjoys taking a walk at night, …………the streets are quiet
28 I always remember the first day……… I met her
29 I wants to know………he remains so thoughtful
30 She didn’t tell me the reason…………she divorced her husband
31 He was the first man………the burning house
32 She is the most beautiful girl………… I have ever met