English for chemical engineering and petrochemical refining lesson 3 hydrocarbon

ENGLISH FOR CHEMICAL ENGINEERING AND PETROCHEMICAL - REFINERY Hoang Anh Viet Dung Oct 2016 Review lesson Name of positive ions H+ Na+ Ca2+ K+ Mg2+ Ag+ Al3+ Hydrogen /ˈhaɪdrədʒən/ Sodium /ˈsəʊdiəm/ Calcium /ˈkælsiəm/ Potassium /pəˈtæsiəm/ Magnesium /mæɡˈniːziəm/ Silver /ˈsɪlvə(r)/ Aluminum /əˈluːmɪnəm/ Fe2+ Fe3+ Cu+ Cu2+ Sn2+ Sn4+ Ferrous /ˈferəs/ Ferric /ˈferik/ Cuprous /ˈkuprəs/ Cupric /ˈkuprik/ Stannous /ˈstænəs/ Stannic /ˈstænɪk/ Review lesson Metal oxide Na2O CaO K2O MgO Ag2O Al2O3 Sodium oxide Calcium oxide Potassium oxide Magnesium oxide Silver oxide Aluminum oxide FeO Fe2O3 Cu2O CuO SnO SnO2 Ferrous oxide Ferric oxide Cuprous oxide Cupric oxide Stannous oxide Stannic oxide Review lesson Non-metal oxide Non-metal + mono/di/tri OXIDE CO CO2 SO2 SO3 NO NO2 N2O Carbon monoxide Carbon dioxide Sulfur dioxide Sulfur trioxide Nitrogen monoxide Nitrogen dioxide Dinitrogen monoxide/ Nitrous oxide Review lesson Metal hydroxide NaOH Ca(OH)2 KOH Mg(OH)2 Al(OH)3 NH4OH Sodium hydroxide Calcium hydroxide Potassium hydroxide Magnesium hydroxide Aluminum hydroxide Ammonium hydroxide /əˌməʊniəm haɪˈdrɒksaɪd/ Fe(OH)2 Fe(OH)3 CuOH Cu(OH)2 Ferrous hydroxide Ferric hydroxide Cuprous hydroxide Cupric hydroxide Review lesson Name of non-metal negative ion FClBrIO2N3C3S2P3- Fluoride /ˈflʊəraɪd/ Chloride /ˈklɔːraɪd/ Bromide /ˈbrəʊmaɪd/ Iodide /ˈaɪ əˌdaɪd/ Oxide /ˈɒksaɪd/ Nitride /ˈnaɪ traɪd/ Carbide /ˈkɑrbaɪd/ Sulfide /ˈsʌl faɪd/ Phosphide /ˈfɒs faɪd/ Review lesson Name of acid HF HCl HBr HI H2S CH3COOH H2CO3 HNO3 HNO2 H2SO4 H2SO3 Hydrofluoric acid Hydrochloric acid Hydrobromic acid Hydroiodic acid Hydrosulfuric acid Acetic acid Carbonic acid Nitric acid Nitrous acid Sulfuric acid Sulfurous acid Review lesson Ternary acid = polyatomic ion root + acid Acid formula Acid name CH3COOH H2CO3 Acetic acid Carbonic acid HNO3 HNO2 H2SO4 Nitric acid Nitrous acid Sulfuric acid H2SO3 Negative ion CH3COOCO32HCO3- NO3NO2SO42HSO4Sulfurous acid SO32HSO3- Name of negative ion Acetate Carbonate Hydrogencarbonate/ Bicarbonate Nitrate Nitrite Sulfate Hydrogensulfate Sulfite Hydrogensulfite Review lesson Salts Positive ion (Metal ion) + Negative ion Na2CO3 KMnO4 MgSO4 CaSO3 AgCl AlBr3 Fe(NO3)2 Fe(HCO3)3 Sodium Potassium Magnesium Calcium Silver Aluminum Iron (II)/ Ferrous Iron (III)/ Ferric Carbonate /ˈkɑr bəˌneɪt/ Permanganate /pərˈmæŋ gəˌneɪt/ Sulfate /ˈsʌl feɪt/ Sulfite /ˈsʌl faɪt/ Chloride Bromide Nitrate Bicarbonate Review lesson atom Nguyên tử Molecule Phân tử Fomula Công thức Chemical formula Cơng thức hóa học Molecular formula Cơng thức phân tử Structural formula Công thức cấu tạo Electrical charge Ion Cation Anion Nomenclature [nou'menklət∫ə] Danh pháp Nomenclature of chemistry Danh pháp hóa học LESSON – Text Hydrocarbon Exercise 2: translate into Vietnamese 1.Hydrocarbon hợp chất phổ biến rộng rãi hydro carbon, tồn tự nhiên Hydrocarbon/ substance/ popular/ hydrogen/ carbon/ exist/ natural Hydrocarbons are the most popular substances of hydrogen and carbon that exist in natural 2.Methan loại khí có khí đốt tự nhiên sử dụng chủ yếu làm nhiên liệu Methane/ gas/ natural gas/ used/ mostly/ fuel Methane is a gas which occurs in natural gas and is used mostly as a fuel Lesson 3: Hydrocarbons Vocabulary Cyclic hydrocarbon Hydrocarbon vòng Ring of carbon atoms Vòng carbon Cyclohexane /,saiklou'heksein/ Aromatic /,ærou'mætik/ Hợp chất thơm Benzene /'benzi:n/ Toluene /'tɔlju:in/ Xylene /'zaili:n/ Derivative Dẫn xuất Tetrahedron /,tetrə'hi:drən/ Tứ diện Tetrahedral (a) Hexagon /'heksəgən/ Lục giác Hexagal (a) Planar /'pleinə/ Phẳng Quatrivalent = tetravalent Saturated Bão hòa, no Unsaturated Volatile Bay Reactive (a) Hoạt động Chemical reactivity Độ hoạt động hóa học 17 Lesson 3: Hydrocarbons Vocabulary Fossil energy Năng lượng hóa thạch Natural gas Khí thiên nhiên Petroleum Dầu mỏ Oil and Gas industry Cơng nghiệp dầu khí Natural resources Tài nguyên thiên nhiên Coal Than đá Minerals Khoáng sản Renewable energy Năng lượng tái tạo Sunlight Wind Rain Tides Waves Geothermal heat Địa nhiệt Oil price: $US/barrel Barrel = 119,24 liters Natural gas price: $US/mmBtu One thousand thousand British thermal unit mmBtu: triệu Btu, = 1.054615 GJ 18 Lesson 3: Hydrocarbons Vocabulary Petroleum cuts Light Nhẹ Lighter Intermediate Trung bình Heavy Nặng  Heavier Drug Thuốc, dược phẩm Explosive Thuốc nổ Plastic Nhựa Synthetic dye Nhuộm tổng hợp Gasoline xăng Kerosene – Jet fuel Xăng máy bay Lubricating oil Dầu bôi trơn Paraffin wax Asphalt = bitumen Nhựa đường Application Ứng dụng Manufacture Sản xuất Tire Lốp Rubber Cao su Phân đoạn dầu mỏ b.p Boiling point Điểm sôi m.p Melting point Điểm chảy f.p Freezing point Điểm đơng đặc Gas Khí CNG (compressed natural gas) Khí thiên nhiên nén LNG (liquefied natural gas) Khí thiên nhiên hóa lỏng LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) 19 Khí dầu mỏ hóa lỏng Lesson 3: Grammar Comparative adjective How shall we travel? Shall we drive or go by train? Let's drive it's cheaper Don't go by train lt's more expensive Cheaper and more expensive a re comparative forms After comparatives you can use than: lt's cheaper to drive than go by train Going by train is more expensive than driving Short adjectives -er cheap = cheaper old = older fast = faster thin = thinner E.g: + You're older than me + I am thinner than him Long adjectives more/less more serious more often more expensive more comfortable + You are more serious than me + This bicycle is more expensive than that one Two-syllable adj ending in y -y = -ier lucky = luckier easy = easier early = earlier pretty = prettier + She is luckier than me + This lesson is easier than that one 20 Lesson 3: Grammar Comparative adjective Irregular form: Good = better This book is better than that one Bad = worse How's your headache? Better? No, it's worse Far = farther / further 21 Lesson 3: Grammar Superlative adjective What is the longest river all over the world? What was the most enjoyable holiday you’ve ever had? Short adjectives -est long = longest hot = hottest easy = easiest hard = hardest E.g: + You're older than me + I am thinner than him Long adjectives the most + adj enjoyable = the most enjoyable Interesting = the most interesting expensive = the most expensive popular = the most popular + Football is the most popular sport in Vietnam + What’s the most expensive you’ve ever bought? 22 Lesson 3: Grammar Superlative adjective Irregular form: Good = best Bad = worst Far = farthest / furthest 23 Lesson 3: Grammar To say that as one thing changes, another thing also changes Càng … … The –er/more/less + adj + S + V, the –er/more/less + adj + S + V The better the joke (is), the louder the laugh (is) The longer Sue stays in Canada, the less likely she will ever go back to England It almost seems that the more expensive the wedding, the shorter the marriage 24 Lesson 3: Grammar •ENOUGH Enough + NOUN Ex Is there enough bread? Do you have enough money? ADJ + enough Ex The house was comfortable enough but not luxurious We are not in a strong enough financial position to cut taxes ADJ + NOUN I haven’t got big enough nails for the job I haven’t got enough big nails for the job 25 Lesson 3: Grammar TOO + ADJ + TO quá… để… The beams are too weak to support the roof She was too ashamed to admit her mistake If we need to mention the things or people involved, we this with for The garage was just about big enough for two cars to fit in The suitcase was too small (for him) to get all his clothes in 26 Lesson 3: Grammar Exercise Complete the sentences with an appropriate comparative or superlative form of the given adjective I feel much … (relaxed) now that the exams are over Our new car is a little … (wide) than our old one, but still fits easily into the garage Her latest speech was strong and confident, and some people now consider her to be the … (forceful) figure in British politics Scientists claim that oil pollution is now the … (common) cause of death among sea birds It’s has been the … (hot) day in London for 35 years The alkenes are … (chemically reactive) than the alkanes The … (soon) you start studying for your English examination, the … (good) for you The … (efficient) machines we have, the … (few) workers are required 27 Lesson 3: Grammar Exercise Complete the sentences with an appropriate comparative or superlative adjective I feel much … (relaxed) now that the exams are over  I feel much more relaxed now that the exams are over Our new car is a little … (wide) than our old one, but still fits easily into the garage Our new car is a little wider than our old one, but still fits easily into the garage Her latest speech was strong and confident, and some people now consider her to be the … (forceful) figure in British politics  Her latest speech was strong and confident, and some people now consider her to be the most forceful figure in British politics Scientists claim that oil pollution is now the … (common) cause of death among sea birds  Scientists claim that oil pollution is now the most common cause of death among sea birds 28 Lesson 3: Grammar Exercise Complete the sentences with an appropriate comparative or superlative adjective It’s has been the … (hot) day in London for 35 years It’s has been the hottest day in London for 35 years The alkenes are … (chemically reactive) than the alkanes The alkenes are more chemically reactive than the alkanes The … (soon) you start studying for your English examination, the … (good) for you  The sooner you start studying for your English examination, the better for you The … (efficient) machines we have, the … (few) workers are required  The more efficient machines we have, the fewer workers are required 29 Lesson 3: Homework - Read and translate into Vietnamese text 30 ... Review lesson Ternary acid = polyatomic ion root + acid Acid formula Acid name CH3COOH H2CO3 Acetic acid Carbonic acid HNO3 HNO2 H2SO4 Nitric acid Nitrous acid Sulfuric acid H2SO3 Negative ion CH3COOCO32HCO3-... CH3COOCO32HCO3- NO3NO2SO42HSO4Sulfurous acid SO32HSO3- Name of negative ion Acetate Carbonate Hydrogencarbonate/ Bicarbonate Nitrate Nitrite Sulfate Hydrogensulfate Sulfite Hydrogensulfite Review lesson. .. Hydrogensulfite Review lesson Salts Positive ion (Metal ion) + Negative ion Na2CO3 KMnO4 MgSO4 CaSO3 AgCl AlBr3 Fe(NO3)2 Fe(HCO3 )3 Sodium Potassium Magnesium Calcium Silver Aluminum Iron (II)/ Ferrous