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Generated by Foxit PDF Creator © Foxit Software http://www.foxitsoftware.com For evaluation only UNIT 5: UNITY AND COHERENCE Lesson aims: On completion of this unit, students will  Know more about the requirements of a good paragraph  Be able to produce a more effective piece of writing  Know how to evaluate their peers’ writings in terms of unity and coherence Lesson focuses:  Unity  Coherence  Evaluating peers’ writings in terms of unity and coherence Time allocation table: periods Order 1.1 Contents Unity - Definition - How to write a paragraph with unity - Practice Coherence - Definition - How to achieve the coherence in a paragraph - Practice Peer feedback on unity and coherence Time to period st rd 4th to 6th period 7th to 8th period Unity ([1], pp.30-34 & [2], pp.12-14) Unity is an important element of a good paragraph A paragraph has unity when all the sentences support a single idea Activity 1: The following is an example of a paragraph with unity Examine each part of the paragraph carefully and then discuss what you think each part should/ must be like so as to help the paragraph achieve the unity Topic sentence Supporting sentences My friend, Macarena is She often lets travellers stay in her home She has hosted many students temporarily She sends money to her family in Chile every month to help them with their bills She always brings flowers or food to her friends when they are sick or have a need Generated by Foxit PDF Creator © Foxit Software http://www.foxitsoftware.com For evaluation only Concluding sentence Macarena is one of the most Activity 2: Read the two paragraphs below carefully and then state which one has the unity Paragraph The HIV/ AIDs epidemic is still growing explosively in most parts of the world In Central and Eastern Europe, HIV is spreading rapidly in countries that had almost no cases a few years ago In China, there were estimated to 10.000 HIV- infected persons at the end of 1993, and this total grew ten-fold to 100.000 by the end of 1995 In the countries of sub-Sahara Africa, the HIV/ AIDS epidemic rages on In Kenya, Malawi, Rwanda, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe, 10 percent of the women visiting postnatal clinics in urban areas are infected with HIV, and in some areas, the rate is 40 percent Mothers can give the HIV virus to their children during pregnancy and childbirth or when breast-feeding The virus is also transmitted through blood and blood product For example, drug users who share needles may become infected The main method of transmission is, of course, unprotected sex, which accounts for 75 to 85 percent of infections Paragraph The HIV/ AIDs epidemic is still growing explosively in most parts of the world In Central and Eastern Europe, HIV is spreading rapidly in countries that had almost no cases a few years ago In China, there were estimated to 10.000 HIV- infected persons at the end of 1993, and this total grew ten-fold to 100.000 by the end of 1995 In the countries of sub-Sahara Africa, the HIV/ AIDS epidemic rages on In Kenya, Malawi, Rwanda, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe, 10 percent of the women visiting postnatal clinics in urban areas are infected with HIV, and in some areas, the rate is 40 percent Around the world, HIV infection rates are sky-rocketing among sex workers In Nairobi, Kenya, 80 percent of sex workers are infected, and in Vietnam, the rate of infection climbed from percent to 38 percent between 1992 and 1995 These statistics illustrate with frightening clarity that The HIV/ AIDs is still a major health problem in most areas of the world Activity 3: For the paragraph without unity, say why Find the evidence in the text to clarify your opinion Activity 4: Both of the following paragraphs break the rule of unity because they contain one or more irrelevant sentences Read the paragraphs carefully and then the following tasks: Underline the topic sentence of each paragraph Find and cross out the irrelevant sentences Paragraph Generated by Foxit PDF Creator © Foxit Software http://www.foxitsoftware.com For evaluation only Adventure travel is the hot trend in the tourism industry Ordinary people are no longer content to spend their two weeks away from the office resting on a sunny beach in Hawaii More and more often, they are choosing to spend their vacations rafting down wild rivers, hiking through steamy rain forests, climbing the world’s highest mountains, or traversing slippery glaciers People of all ages are choosing educational tours for their vacations - Traverse: pass, go across Paragraph 2: Daredevil sports are also becoming popular Young people especially are increasingly willing to risk life and limb while mountain biking, backcountry snowboarding, or high-speed skateboarding Soccer is also becoming popular in the United States, where it was not well known until recently One of the riskiest new sports is sky surfing, in which people jump out of the airplanes with graphite boards attached to their feet Skysurfing rivals skydiving and bungee jumping for the amounts of thrills- and risk - Daredevil: high risk - Risk life and limb: take a chance of injury or death - Rival: compete with Activity 5: Write two supporting sentences and one concluding sentence for each of the following topic sentences Computers are useful in many ways There are certain characteristics that I always look for in a good restaurant There are activities in a park for family members of all ages There are many ways to show respect to older people When you are going camping, there are some things you should always take with you 1.2 Coherence ([1], pp 40-53 & [2], Coherence is another element of a good paragraph Coherence means the sentences in the paragraph hold together and also the movement from one sentence to another sentence must be logical and smooth There are four ways to achieve the coherence in a paragraph: 1) Repeating key nouns 2) Using consistent pronouns that refer back to key nouns 3) Using transition signals to show how one idea is related to the next 4) Arranging the sentences in logical order Activity 6: The following is a paragraph with coherence Examine it carefully and the tasks below: State what the key noun in the paragraph is Give evidence for your opinion Identify all the pronouns referring back to the key noun Generated by Foxit PDF Creator © Foxit Software http://www.foxitsoftware.com For evaluation only Underline all the words/ phrases to link ideas in the paragraphs Say in what kind of order the ideas are organized Gold Gold, a precious metal, is prized for two important characteristics First of all, gold has a lustrous beauty that is resistant to corrosion Therefore, it is suitable for jewelry, coins, and ornamental purposes Gold never needs to be polished and will remain beautiful forever For example, a Macedonian coin remains as untarnished today as the day it was minted twenty-three centuries ago Another important characteristic of golf is its usefulness to industry and science For many years, it has been used in hundreds of industrial applications The most recent use of gold is in astronauts’ suits Astronauts wear gold-plated heat shields for protection outside spaceships In conclusions, gold is treasured not only for its beauty but also for its utility Activity 7: In the following paragraphs, the key noun is never repeated Replace the pronoun with the key noun wherever you think doing so would make the paragraphs more coherent Dolphins Dolphins are interesting because they display almost human behavior at times For example, they display the human emotions of joy and sadness During training, when they something correctly, they squeal excitedly and race toward their trainer When they make a mistake; however, they drop noticeably and mope around their pool Furthermore, they help each other when they are in trouble If one is sick, it sends out a message, and others in the area swim to help it They push it to the surface of the water so that it can breathe They stay with it for days or weeks- until it recovers or dies They have also helped trapped or lost whales navigate their ways safely out to the open sea They are so intelligent and helpful, in fact, that the U.S Navy is training them to become underwater bomb disposal experts English English has almost become an international language Except for Chinese more people speak it than any other language Spanish is the official language of more countries in the world, but more countries have it as their official or unofficial second language More than 70 percent of the world’s mail is written in it It is the primary language on the Internet In international business, it is used more than any other language, and it is the language of airline pilots and air traffic controllers all over the world Moreover, although French used to be the language of diplomacy, it has displaced it throughout the world Therefore, unless you plan to spend your life alone on a desert island in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, it is a useful language to know Activity 8: In the following paragraph, the pronouns are not consistent Correct them to make the paragraph more coherent Olympic Athletes Generated by Foxit PDF Creator © Foxit Software http://www.foxitsoftware.com For evaluation only Olympic athletes must be strong both physically and mentally First of all, if you hope to compete in an Olympic sport, you must be physically strong Furthermore, aspiring Olympians must train rigorously for many years For the most demanding sports, they train several hours a day, five or six days a week, for ten or more years In addition to being physically strong, he or she must also be mentally tough This means that you have to be totally dedicated to your sport, often giving up a normal school, family, and social life Being mentally strong also means that he or she must be able to withstand the intense pressure of international competition with its attendant media courage Finally, not everyone can win a medal, so they must possess the inner strength to live with defeat - Aspiring: hopeful - Rigorous: strict Activity 9: Read the two paragraphs below Then tell which is more coherent and why Support your answer with evidence from the text Paragraph Another difference among the world’s seas and oceans is that the salinity varies in different climate zones The Baltic Sea in Northern Europe is only one-fourth as saline as the Red Sea in the Middle East There are reasons for this In warm climates, water evaporates rapidly The concentration of salt is greater The surrounding land is dry and does not contribute much fresh water to dilute the salty sea water In cold climate zones, water evaporates slowly The runoff created by melting snow adds a considerable amount of fresh water to dilute the saline sea water - Salinity: salt content - Saline: salty - Dilute: reduce the concentration of Paragraph Another difference among the world’s seas and oceans is that the salinity varies in different climate zones For example, the Baltic Sea in Northern Europe is only onefourth as saline as the Red Sea in the Middle East There are reasons for this First of all, in warm climates, water evaporates rapidly; therefore, the concentration of salt is greater Second, the surrounding land is dry and, consequently, does not contribute much fresh water to dilute the salty sea water In cold climate zones, on the other hand, water evaporates slowly Furthermore, the runoff created by melting snow adds a considerable amount of fresh water to dilute the saline sea water Activity 10: Read the paragraphs below Then state the way the paragraph is organized Paragraph 1: My favorite restaurant is an old house It is very convenient because it is in my neighborhood We can drive, or if the evening is pleasant, we can walk It has a nice atmosphere and friendly service We know some of the waiters and waitresses so we enjoy talking to them because they ask us about our children We especially like the decorations The walls are soft yellow, and candles and fresh flowers are on the tables Generated by Foxit PDF Creator © Foxit Software http://www.foxitsoftware.com For evaluation only inside and outside Finally, the food is excellent The cook is the owner and he makes delicious dishes with fresh ingredients We always enjoy our meals Paragraph 2: My favorite restaurant is an old house My husband and I enjoy eating there on summer evenings We usually walk from our house so we can enjoy our neighbors’ gardens and get a little bit of exercise The afternoon sun shines through the trees but it is not too bright We arrive at dusk, and if we can sit outside The waiter brings a basket of warm bread and a cold drink We have an appetizer or a salad while the sun goes down Then the waiter lights the candles while we enjoy the main course By the time, we finish dessert, it is night time We walk home slowly, feeling full but happy in the moonlight  HOME WORK Exercise 1: Read the following topic sentences Put a check () next to each sentence below that supports the topic sentence I am an organized person a My desk is always neat and tidy b I have a system for organizing my papers, and I can always find what I need c I feel uncomfortable when I am in a strange environment d My friends always want me to help them put their closets in order Twenty questions is an easy game to play when you are travelling a The person who is” it” must think of a person, place, or object b Sometimes people travel by car, and sometimes by train or airplane c It is very important to travel with people that you get along with d The other players take turns asking questions that can only be answered with “yes” or “no” Tea and coffee are very different from each other a Coffee has more caffeine than tea does b Coffee and tea both have caffeine c People enjoy tea and coffee during social occasions d Tea is much more common around the world than coffee is In my opinion, people spend too much money on cars a Some drivers spend a fourth of their income for a car payment which is unnecessary b Cars not increase in value, so they are not a great investment c Car companies are always looking for ways to make vehicles safer on the road d People who not pay cash must also pay interest, so they lose even more money It is easy to get a sports injury a Many people enjoy sports b Runners often have problems with their ankles and knees Generated by Foxit PDF Creator © Foxit Software http://www.foxitsoftware.com For evaluation only c Baseball players can break their fingers or get knocked over by another player d Many people make the simple mistake of joining a gym, and then they never go there to exercise Exercise 2: Read the paragraph you wrote in Unit again and then evaluate it in terms of unity and coherence Guiding questions: - Is the paragraph unified? Why or why not? Give the evidence from the text - If the paragraph does not have unity, what needs to be done for the improvement? - Is the paragraph coherent? Why or why not? - If it is coherent, in what ways was the coherence achieved? Give evidence from the text - If it is not coherent, what needs to be done for the improvement? References: [1]Oshima, A.&Hogue,A Writing Academic English.(3rded) Tre Publishing House 2003 [2]Savage.A.& Shafield, M Effective Academic Writing 1: The Paragraph Oxford University Press 2007 Generated by Foxit PDF Creator © Foxit Software http://www.foxitsoftware.com For evaluation only UNIT 6: THE WRITING PROCESS Lesson aims: On completion of this unit, students will  Be conscious of the nature of writing  Know how to arrange time effectively in producing a piece of writing  Be able to make a good outline for writing Lesson focuses:  Stage 1: prewriting  Stage 2: outlining  Stage 3: writing and revising drafts Time allocation table: periods Order - Contents Report on the homework Stage 1: Pre-writing Stage 2: Outlining Stage 3: Writing and revising drafts Evaluating and editing peers’ work Time period 2nd period 3rd to th period 5th to th period 8th period st LEAD-IN Activity 1: In group, discuss the stages you usually carry out so as to have a piece of writing Activity 2: State which of the following statements you agree with and then say why you have chosen it a Writing is a product b Writing is a process 1.1 The writing process: Stage 1- Pre-writing([1], pp.3-8) 6.1.1 Choosing and narrowing a topic General topics ENVIROMENT POLLUTION Specific topic OCEAN POLLUTION OIL SPILLS Very specific topic effects on sea life Generated by Foxit PDF Creator © Foxit Software http://www.foxitsoftware.com For evaluation only Activity 1: - Step 1: with the whole class, choose one of the following topics School, Television, Entertainment, Food, Sports - Step 2: in a small group or individually, narrow the chosen topic to one specific aspect that could be written about in one paragraph - Step 3: give more opinions about the narrowed topic so as to have the controlling idea for the paragraph 6.1.2 Brainstorming Three techniques for brainstorming are listing, free writing, and clustering Listing Activity 2: The following is an example of listing technique, examine the lists carefully and the following tasks: Among the items, find and circle the focus of the group Rewrite the lists by crossing out the items that not belong or that are duplications Group Group Group communication problems poor verbal skills new language lack vocabulary show affection in public Americans talk too fast they are friendly people are always in a hurry use slang and idioms lack confidence use incomplete sentences poor pronunciation Americans difficult to understand unclear expression homeless people shocking sighs American students classroom environment public transportation is not good need a car use first names with teachers college professors wear jeans students ask questions no formal dress code no one takes time to cook good meals professor’s role students can challenge professors American family life children are “king” families seldom eat together children disrespectful families don’t spend time together on weekends and holidays children spend more time with friends than with parents American feed is unhealthy Everyone eats fast food Generated by Foxit PDF Creator © Foxit Software http://www.foxitsoftware.com For evaluation only Free writing Activity 3: The following paragraph is a model of free writing The writer is supposed to write about one major problem at Evergreen College, and he has written about some of the problems that come to his mind Read his writing and then circle the main ideas that he might consider as the major at his college Problems at Evergreen College What is the biggest problem at Evergreen College? Well, I really don’t know In fact, I cannot think of one particular problem although I know there are many problems For one thing, the classrooms are usually overcrowded At the beginning of this semester, Science Hall 211 had 45 students although there were only 31 desks A few of the seats attached to the desks were broken, so about 20 students had to sit on the floor Students even leave their dirty cups and other garbage on the desks So the rooms are messy The library is too small and always crowded with students Not all students really study in the library Sometimes they talk a lot and this is really quite distracting to me and other serious students who want and need a quiet place to study So the present library should be expanded or a new library should be built Oh yes, I think that another problem is parking near the campus The college has a big parking lot across from the west side of campus, but it is always full So many times students have to park their cars in the residential areas, which could be so far away from the campus that they have to run to class to make it Yes, parking is a big problem that many students face every day I have a car, and many of my friends have one We really have a problem So, I think the biggest problem at Evergreen College is not enough parking spaces near the college campus… Clustering Activity 4: In the below ovals are supporting ideas about the topic in the central oval Arrange the ovals and then draw lines to link them so that you can see how those ideas support the topic Attends weekly prayer meetings Likes cooking every Sunday Painted home exercise enthusiast vacation Sports fan en en My father Stays late at office Stayed home workaholic Works days a week Boring life en Very religious Does the accounting for church Gives 10% of income to church One week last year Generated by Foxit PDF Creator © Foxit Software http://www.foxitsoftware.com For evaluation only Activity 5: Generate the ideas for the narrowed topic you have got in Activity 1, using one the three techniques 1.2 The writing process: Stage 2- Outlining (pp 8-10) 6.2.1 Format SIMPLE OUTLINE Topic sentence A Main supporting sentence B Main supporting sentence C Main supporting sentence Concluding sentence DETAILED OUTLINE Topic sentence A Main supporting sentence Supporting detail Supporting detail Supporting detail B Main supporting sentence Supporting detail Supporting detail Supporting detail C Main supporting sentence Supporting detail Supporting detail Supporting detail Concluding sentence 1.2.2 Principles of outlining Parallelism: Equal parts of an outline should be written in parallel form This means that all ideas with the same kind of letter or number should have the same grammatical form; that is, they all should be complete sentences, or all nouns, or all adjectives, or all ingphrases, … Example: The English language is constantly changing A Pronunciation has changed in the past 500 years B Some grammatical changes C Vocabulary Indeed, English, like all living languages, is continually changing in pronunciation, Grammar and especially pronunciation (wrong) The English language is constantly changing Generated by Foxit PDF Creator © Foxit Software http://www.foxitsoftware.com For evaluation only A Pronunciation B Grammar C Vocabulary Indeed, English, like all living languages, is continually changing in pronunciation, Grammar and especially pronunciation (right) Coordination: In outlining, those items which are of equal significance have the same numeral or letter designations: an A is equal to a B, a to a 2, and a to a b Coordination is a principle that enables a writer to maintain a coherent and consistent document Ex: A Word processing programs B Microsoft word (faulty coordination) C Page Maker (Word is a type of word processing program, so it is just a subdivision Page maker is a type of desktop publishing program, which is not in the same category.) A Word processing programs B Database programs C Spreadsheet programs Subordination: In order to indicate levels of significance, an outline uses major and minor headings Thus we should organize it from general to specific or from abstract to concrete This principle allows our material to be ordered logically and requires a clear articulation of the relationship between component parts used in the outline Subdivisions of each higher division should always have the same relationship to the whole Ex: A Word processing programs Word Useful (faulty) Obsolete (There is A without B, and 1, 2, are not equal Word is a type of word processing program while and are the features of this program.) Word processing program Useful Obsolete Generated by Foxit PDF Creator © Foxit Software http://www.foxitsoftware.com For evaluation only Division: to divide we always need at least two parts; therefore, there can never be an A without a B, a without a 2, an a without a b…… Example: A Computers Mainframe (Faulty division) Micro a floppy disk b hard disk A Personal computers: hardware Types cost Maintenance B Personal computers: software 1.2.3 Form An outline can use topic or sentence structure A topic outline uses words or phrases for all entries and uses no punctuation after entries Advantages: present brief overview of work and is generally easier and faster to write A sentence outline uses complete sentences for all entries and uses correct punctuation Advantages: presents a more detailed overview of work including possible topic sentences and is easier and faster to write the final paper 1.2.4 Numeral and letter designation An outline can use Roman numerals/ letters or decimal form Roman numerals/letters A B a b Decimal 1.0 1.1 1.2 Generated by Foxit PDF Creator © Foxit Software http://www.foxitsoftware.com For evaluation only Activity 6: Identify the outline of the following paragraph Your outline must be in the form of detailed one Shopping at convenience stores There are both advantages and disadvantages of shopping at a local convenience store Convenience stores offer many benefits First, the stores are nearby, are easy to reach by car, and have many ample parking space Also, locating items is easy because you don’t have to search through many long aisles Finally, speedy checkout enables you to get in and home in no time On the other hand, convenience stores have two primary disadvantages: price and selection Nearly all products cost more at a convenience store than at a large supermarket The product selection is very limited Often you only have one or two brands from which to choose Not all sizes or varieties of a product are available, either Finally, some items are not stocked at all, particularly certain fresh meat, vegetable and fruit All in all, convenience stores are time – savers, yet they come with a stiff price tag Activity 7: Organize the ideas you have got from the previous brainstorming activity in a logical order so as to create a good outline for a paragraph 1.3 The writing process: Stage 3- Writing and Revising ([1], pp 10-15) 6.3.1 Writing the first draft - Write down the topic sentence and underline it - Skip one or two lines per line of writing and leave margins of one inch on both sides of the paper - Write the paragraph, following the already-made outline closely Don’t hesitant to add ideas that aren’t in the outline if those ideas are relevant to the topic - Don’t worry about grammar, punctuation, or spelling 1.3.2 Revising Content and Organization - Read over the paragraph carefully for a general overview- format - Check to see if the purpose of the writing has been achieved - Check for the general logic and coherence of the ideas - Check to see if the paragraph has a topic sentence and if the topic sentence has a central main focus - Check for unity Cross out any sentence that does not support the topic sentence - Check to make sure that the topic sentence is developed with sufficient supporting details - Check the use of transitional signs - Check to see if the paragraph needs a concluding sentence If you write a final comment, is it on the topic? 1.3.3 Proofreading the second draft - Check over each sentence for correctness and completeness: no fragments and no choppy or run-on sentences Generated by Foxit PDF Creator © Foxit Software http://www.foxitsoftware.com For evaluation only - Check over each sentence for a subject and a verb, subject- verb agreement, correct verb tenses, etc - Check the mechanics: punctuation, spelling, capitalization, typing errors, etc - Change vocabulary words as necessary 1.3.4 Writing the final draft Activity 8: Develop the outline you have made in Activity into a complete paragraph of about 150 words Activity 9: First, read your paragraph again for revision of content, organization, and sentence errors Then, improve the paragraph, based on the revising points Activity 10: Exchange your writing with a partner for comments and further revision  HOME WORK o What are your difficulties in writing a paragraph? o What will you to deal with those difficulties? Answer those questions in the form of a paragraph Exchange your writing with a partner for revision Improve your writing, based on your peer’s feedback State you how better your improved writing is in comparison to the original one [1]Oshima, A.&Hogue,A Writing Academic English.(3 rded) Tre Publishing House.2003 Generated by Foxit PDF Creator © Foxit Software http://www.foxitsoftware.com For evaluation only WRITING AND EDITTING Aims: - Give students opportunities to practice writing paragraphs so as to check if they can understand and make a good application of the theory they learnt - Help students get used to peer feedback - Train students how to give and accept feedback on the writing Focuses: - Writing - Editing Time allocation table: 16 periods Order Topic 1: Myself and Others Topic 2: Family and relationships Topic 3: Leisure and Recreation Topic 4: Schools and student life Contents Writing Evaluating and Editing Writing Evaluating and Editing Writing Evaluating and Editing Writing Evaluating and Editing Time and 2nd period 3rd and 4th period 1st and 2nd period 3rd and 4th period 1st and 2nd period 3rd and 4th period 1st and 2nd period 3rd and 4th period st Topic 1: Myself and Others Narrow the topic to a specific aspect that you are all interested in Brainstorm for ideas about the narrowed topic and then with the ideas you have got, make a detailed outline for your paragraph Develop the outline into a complete paragraph Share your writing with the others in your group for evaluation Read the others’ writings to choose the best one of the group Read, evaluate and revise the other group’s writings  HOME WORK Exchange your writing with a group or out-of the group member and the following tasks: Edit your peer’s writing and write a short report on your work Your report must include the strengths and the weaknesses of the paragraph in terms of its format, structure, unity, coherence, the logic of the ideas and the quality of sentence skills Improve your own writing, based on your peer’s feedback on it Write some sentences about the changes you could realized in the new version of your writing in comparison with the original one Generated by Foxit PDF Creator © Foxit Software http://www.foxitsoftware.com For evaluation only Topic 2: Family and Relationships Narrow the topic to a specific aspect that you are all interested in Brainstorm for ideas about the narrowed topic and then with the ideas you have got, make a detailed outline for your paragraph Develop the outline into a complete paragraph Share your writing with the others in your group for evaluation Read the others’ writings to choose the best one of the group Read, evaluate and revise the other group’s writings  HOME WORK Exchange your writing with a group or out-of the group member and the following tasks: Edit your peer’s writing and write a short report on your work Your report must include the strengths and the weaknesses of the paragraph in terms of its format, structure, unity, coherence, the logic of the ideas and the quality of sentence skills Improve your own writing, based on your peer’s feedback on it Write some sentences about the changes you could realized in the new version of your writing in comparison with the original one Topic 3: Leisure and Recreation Narrow the topic to a specific aspect that you are all interested in Brainstorm for ideas about the narrowed topic and then with the ideas you have got, make a detailed outline for your paragraph Develop the outline into a complete paragraph Share your writing with the others in your group for evaluation Read the others’ writings to choose the best one of the group Read, evaluate and revise the other group’s writings  HOME WORK Exchange your writing with a group or out-of the group member and the following tasks: Edit your peer’s writing and write a short report on your work Your report must include the strengths and the weaknesses of the paragraph in terms of its format, structure, unity, coherence, the logic of the ideas and the quality of sentence skills Improve your own writing, based on your peer’s feedback on it Write some sentences about the changes you could realized in the new version of your writing in comparison with the original one Topic 4: Schools and Student life Narrow the topic to a specific aspect that you are all interested in Generated by Foxit PDF Creator © Foxit Software http://www.foxitsoftware.com For evaluation only Brainstorm for ideas about the narrowed topic and then with the ideas you have got, make a detailed outline for your paragraph Develop the outline into a complete paragraph Share your writing with the others in your group for evaluation Read the others’ writings to choose the best one of the group Read, evaluate and revise the other group’s writings  HOME WORK Exchange your writing with a group or out-of the group member and the following tasks: Edit your peer’s writing and write a short report on your work Your report must include the strengths and the weaknesses of the paragraph in terms of its format, structure, unity, coherence, the logic of the ideas and the quality of sentence skills Improve your own writing, based on your peer’s feedback on it Write some sentences about the changes you could realized in the new version of your writing in comparison with the original one  ... writing process: Stage 3- Writing and Revising ([1], pp 10 -15) 6 .3. 1 Writing the first draft - Write down the topic sentence and underline it - Skip one or two lines per line of writing and leave... Contents Writing Evaluating and Editing Writing Evaluating and Editing Writing Evaluating and Editing Writing Evaluating and Editing Time and 2nd period 3rd and 4th period 1st and 2nd period 3rd and... [1]Oshima, A.&Hogue,A Writing Academic English.(3rded) Tre Publishing House 20 03 [2]Savage.A.& Shafield, M Effective Academic Writing 1: The Paragraph Oxford University Press 20 07 Generated by Foxit