English10 UNIT9 SGK Tiếng Anh 10 Cơ bản

Giải toàn bộ và chi tiết sách giáo khoa Tiếng Anh lớp 10 cơ bản bài 9, giúp cho học sinh học tốt tiếng Anh 10, những học sinh có khả năng tự học. Ngoài ra có thể giúp cho giáo viên không có nhiều thời gian soạn bài dùng để tham khảo.

English 10 UNIT UNDERSEA WORLD A READING Before you read  Work with a partner Look at map and give the Vietnamese names for the oceans on the map (Làm việc với bạn học Nhìn đồ viết tên đại dương đồ tiếng Việt.)  Pacific Ocean: Thái Bình dương;  Atlantic Ocean: Đại Tây dương;  Indian Ocean : Ấn Độ dương;  Antarctic Ocean: Nam Băng dương;  Arctic Ocean: Bắc Băng dương  Work with a partner: Look at the pictures below Can you name the sea animal in each picture? The first letter of the word has been given to help you  Seal: hải cẩu;  Jellyfish: sứa;  Turtle: rùa biển;  Shark : cá mập While you read Read the text and the tasks that follow There is only one ocean It is divided into five different parts: the Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Antarctic, and Arctic Oceans There are also many other smaller seas, gulfs and bays which form part of them Altogether they cover 75 percent of the earth's surface For centuries, people have been challenged by the mysteries that lie beneath the ocean However, today's scientists have overcome many of the challenges of the depth by using modern devices They send submarines to investigate the seabed and bring samples of marine life back to the surface for further study Satellite photographs provide a wide range of information, including water temperature, depth and the undersea populations If modern technology did not exist, we would never have such precious information Marine plants and animals fall into three major groups Some of them live on or depend on the bottom like the starfish Some are swimming animals such as fishes and sharks that move independently of water currents while others are tiny organisms that are carried along by the currents like the jellyfish Plants and animals of the sea, however small or oversized, all contribute to its biodiversity Unless this biodiversity were maintained, marine life would be at stake Chỉ có đại dương Nó chia làm năm phần : Thái Bình dương, Đại Tây dương, Ấn Độ dương, Bắc Bắng dương, Nam Băng dương Cũng có nhiều biển nhỏ khác vịnh vịnh tạo thành phần đại dương Tất bao phủ 75 phần trăm bề mặt trái đất Trải qua bao kỷ, người bị thách thức điều kỳ bí nằm bên đại dương Tuy nhiên nhà khoa học vượt qua nhiều thách thức chiều sâu cách dùng phương tiện đại Họ gởi tàu ngầm để khảo sát đáy đại dương mang mẫu vật đời sống bể trở mặt đất để nghiên cứu xa Các hình vệ tinh cung cấp đủ loại thông tin Bao gồm nhiệt độ nước, chiều sâu cư dân biển Nếu kỹ thuật đại khơng hữu, khơng có thông tin quý Động thực vật biển chia làm ba nhóm Một số chúng sống lệ thuộc đáy đại dương hải tinh (sao biển) Một số động vật biết bơi cá cá mập di chuyển độc lập với dòng nước động vật khác sinh vật tí ti dòng nước mang sứa Các động thực vật biển, dù nhỏ hay khổ, tất góp phần vào đa dạng sinh học Trừ đa dạng sinh học bảo tồn, khơng sống biển bị lâm nguy Task 1: The words in thr box all appear in the passage Fill in each blank with one of them There are more words than needed Some plants and animals are referred to as _ organisms because they are extremely small Thanks to modern technology, scientists have been able to _ the life of plants and animals that live under the sea A _ is a large area of sea that is partly surrounded by land _is a term that refers to the existence of different kinds of animals and plants which make a balanced environment These scientists have collected different to analyse for their experiment tiny investigate gulf bioadversity samples Task 2: Read the passage again and then answer the following questions What percentage of the earth's surface is covered by seas and oceans? => 75% of the earth’surface is covered by sea and oceans How scientists now overcome the challenges of the depth? => They now overcome the challenges of the depth by using modern devices What can submarines to help scientists know about the undersea world? => They investigate the seabed and bring samples of the marine life back to the surface for further study What can we learn from the satellite photos? => We can know a wide range of information, including water temperature, depth and the undersea population What are the three groups of marine plants and animal? => They are those that live on or depend on the bottom like the starfish, those that move independently of water currents and those that are carried along by the currents like the jellyfish What would happen if the sea biodiversity were not maintained? => The marine life would be at stake if the sea bioadversity were not maintained After you read Work in pairs Complete the summary of the reading passage by filling each blank with a word or phrase given in the hox below plants and animals, discoveries, huge, closely connected, modem three-quarters, mysterious, biodiversity Though covering (1) _ of the earth's surface, the ocean has remained (2) _ to us until recently With (3) _ technology we have now made important (4) _ about the (5) _ of marine life We have learnt that whether tiny or (6) _, all the (7) _ of the sea are (8) three-quarters mysterious modern bioadversity huge plants and animals discoveries closely connected B SPEAKING Task Below are some actions that would be taken to protect our oceans Work in pairs Put the actions in the order of importance and then say what we should or should not a) Place rubbish and plastic bags in proper dustbins b) Use water sparingly and not pollute it c) Do not fish for species that are limited, threatened or endangered d) Dispose of fishing lines and nets properly, not in or near the water e) Do not use herbicides, pesticides and fertilizers that harm the environment f) Learn all you can about the oceans g) Keep only the fish that you will eat; release the rest h) Be a smart shopper and choose your seafood responsibly f: I think action f is the most important because if we learn all about the oceans we can understand their values and try to protect them e: We not use herbicides, pesticides and fertilizers that harm the environment c: We not fish for species that are limited, threatened or endangered d: We should dispose of fishing lines and nets properly g: We keep only the fish we will eat and release the rest We should all actions e, c, d and g to maintain and protect marine life 6 a and b: We should place rubbish and plastic bags in proper dustbins and use water sparingly and not pollute it h: We should choose our seafood responsibly Task Work in groups Below are some threats to the health of the oceans Discuss the consequences that might occur and offer some possible solutions Beaches are filled with plastic bags, pieces of glass and cigarette butts Whales and sharks are still hunted for food, medicine, and other products Explosives are used to catch fish and other sea animals Oil is spilled from tankers Example: A: Beaches are filed with plastic bags, pieces of glass and cigarette butts This makes the sea polluted and endangers sea plants and animals B: We should clean beaches and tell other people not to litter them A Beaches are filled with plastic bags, pieces of glass and cigarette butts This makes the sea polluted and endanger sea plants and animals And we should clean up beaches and tell people not to litter them B We also should set up posters at holiday resorts, especially on the beaches, and have the campaign of "Keep our environment clean and beautiful” in schools, that is we should educate children and people about a clean and healthy environment C Whales and sharks are still hunted for food, medicine and other products This makes these sea animals extinct some day D So all governments should have laws that prohibit the hum for these endangered sea animals lor any purpose And I think restaurants in the world don’t serve the food made from these animals' meat Task Report to the class what your group has discussed My group has discussed the threats to beaches which are now being polluted with all kind of rubbish such as plastic bags, pieces of glass and cigarette butts, etc And we think that in order to rescue beaches, we should clean them up and at the same time tell everybody not to litter them Besides these, we should educate people how important a healthy environment can be to our life! And this project should be carried out in schools so that small school population can get a good habit of conserving environment from early ages C LISTENING Before you listen Work in pairs Discuss the following questions Do you think whales are fish? Why (not)?  No Whales are not fish, they are mammals because they raise their young ones on milk Why people keep hunting whales?  Because whales can produce food, oil, leather and other products for man While you listen Task Listen to some information about whales and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false(F) The whale is the third largest animal that has ever lived on Earth Whales are said to be the most intelligent animals in the ocean Some whales are known to move into warm waters to give birth Whales are in danger because of the increase in population of other sea animals Some people are still killing whales for food 1.F 2.T 3.T Task Listen again and then answer the following questions F T What is the length and weight of the blue whale?  A blue whale can grow to 30 meters length and over 200 tons weight Why whales like to feed in the cold oceans?  Because there are a lot of krill there, their favourite food According to the listening passage, what are the food feeding grounds for whales?  Cold waters in the North and South Atlantic Ocean and the North and South Pacific Ocean are their good feeding grounds What is the main reason for the decrease in whale populations?  Heavy hunting is the main reason for the decrease in the whale populations What have conservation groups asked the International Whaling Commission to do?  They have asked the International Whaling Commission to stop most whaling What would happen if we didn't take any measures to protect whales?  If we didn’t take any measure to protect whales, they would disappear forever soon After you listen Work in groups Talk about whales, using the following cues  their length and weight  their feeding grounds and food  the reasons for protecting whales Whales are very big They’re the largest sea animals They’re about 30 metres long and weigh about 200 tons Their feeding grounds are in cold waters in the North and South Atlantic and the North and South Pacific Oceans because in these water currents there are a lot of krills, their favourite food Now, Conservation Groups are trying to protect whale population from being extinct D WRITING Describing information from a table Task 1: Work in pairs Read the descnplion of the sperm whale and then complete the table that follows Sperm whales are the biggest animals on Earth that have teeth They are carnivores, which means they eat meat Although sperm whales can be found in all oceans, they prefer the waters with high squid populations, which are their main diet A sperm whale can eat up to 1,500 kg of food each day Sperm whales are big animals The males can grow up to 18 metres long and weigh up to 54,000 kg while the females are a bit smaller with a length of 12 metres and a weight of 17,000 kg A female sperm whale gives birth to one calf every five to seven years after a gestation period of fourteen to nineteen months The life span of sperm whales can be up to sixty or seventy years It is interesting to know that they also have the largest brain of any mammals Sperm whale populations are at risk due to hunting and their accidental entrapment in fishing nets Cá nhà táng động vật lớn trái đất có Chúng động vật ăn thịt, nghĩa chúng ăn thịt Mặc dù cá nhà táng tìm thấy tất đại dương, chúng thích dòng nước với cư dân mực đơng đúc, thức ăn chúng Một cá nhà táng ăn đên 1.500 kilo thức ăn ngày Cá nhà táng động vật lớn Con đực phát triển đến 18 thước chiều dài cân nặng đến 54.000 kg, nhỏ tí với chiều dài 12 thước nặng 17.000 kg Một cá nhà táng cái, lừ năm đến bảy năm đẻ một lần sau thời kỳ thai nghén từ 14 đến 19 tháng Cuộc đời cá nhà láng đến 60 hay 70 năm Thật thú vị biết chúng có óc lớn lồi có vú Cá nhà táng gặp nguy hiểm việc săn bắn tình cờ mắc vào lưới đánh cá SPERM WHALE RANGE & HABITAT all oceans - waters with high squid population SIZE Male :18 m long; 54,000 kg; female: 12 m long 17,000 kg FEEDING HABITS Canivores: squid; 1,500 kg a day OFFSPRING One calf every or years; gestation: 14-19 months LIFE SPAN 60-70 years SPECIAL FEATURES Biggest animals with teeth, having the largest brain CONSERVATION CONCERNS At risk clue to hunting and accidental entrapment in nets Task 2: The table on the next page gives some information about the dolphin Write a paragraph that describes the facts and figures provided in the table DOLPHIN RANGE & HABITAT Oceans worldwide; Prefer coastal waters and bays SIZE Smallest: about 50 kg and 1.2m Largest: up to 8,200 kg and 10m FEEDING HABITS Carnivores: Eat mostly fish OFFSPRING Give birth to one calfe very years Gestafion period:11-12 months LIFE SPAN From 25 to 65 years Sometimes longer, depending on the species SPECIAL FEATURES Mammals, not fish Among the most intelligent animals CONSERVATION CONCERNS At risk due to habitat pollution and accidental Fishing net entrapment Dolphins are mammals, not fish, but they live in water Dolphins are among the most intelligent animals on Earth Although they can be found in all oceans worldwide, but they prefer coastal waters and bays Dolphins’ size vary according to their species The smallest dolphin is about 50 Kilograms in weight and 1.2 metres in length, meanwhile the largest dolphin can weigh up to 8.200 kilograms and be 10 metres long Dolphins are canivores and cat mainly fish A female dolphin eives birth to one calf every two years after a gestation period of eleven to twelve years The life span of Dolpinhs can be from twenty-five to sixty-five years, and some species can even live longer Dolphin population is at stake due to the pollution of their habitats and accidental entrapment in fishing nets E LANGUAGE FOCUS:  Pronunciation: /ɪə/ - /eə/ - /ʊə/  Grammar: Should Conditional sentence type Pronunciation o Listen and repeat /ɪə/ /eə/ /ʊə/ here pair poor dear chair sure clear square tour idea where usual cheers upstairs casual atmosphere carefully actually o Practise these sentences  Let’s have some beer, dear  What a good idea! The atmosphere here is very clear  Where are my shoes? They are nowhere here  Have you looked carefully everywhere?  I am sure he is far from poor  Well, actually he usaully wears casual clothes Grammar and vocabulary: Grammar: Should  Used to show what is right, appropriate, etc., especially when criticizing somebody’s actions  You shouldn't drink and drive  He should have been more careful  A present for me? You shouldn't have! (= used to thank somebody politely)  Used for giving or asking for advice  You should stop worrying about it  Should I call him and apologize?  I should wait a little longer, if I were you  (ironic) ‘She doesn't think she'll get a job.’ ‘She should worry, with all her qualifications (= she does not need to worry).’  Used to say that you expect something is true or will happen  We should arrive before dark  I should have finished the book by Friday  The roads should be less crowded today  Used to say that something that was expected has not happened  It should be snowing now, according to the weather forecast  The bus should have arrived ten minutes ago  (British English, formal) used after I or we instead of would for describing what you would if something else happened first  If I were asked to work on Sundays, I should resign  (formal) used to refer to a possible event or situation  If you should change your mind, let me know  In case you should need any help, here's my number  Should anyone call (= if anyone calls), please tell them I'm busy  Used as the past form of shall when reporting what somebody has said  He asked me what time he should come (= His words were: ‘What time shall I come?’)  (British English, formal) I said (that) I should be glad to help  (British English) used after that when something is suggested or arranged  She recommended that I should take some time off  In order that training should be effective it must be planned systematically Note: In both North American English and British English this idea can be expressed without ‘should’:She recommended that I take some time off.In order that training be effective…  Used after that after many adjectives that describe feelings  I'm anxious that we should allow plenty of time  I find it astonishing that he should be so rude to you  (British English, formal) used with I and we in polite requests  I should like to call my lawyer  We should be grateful for your help  Used with I and we to give opinions that you are not certain about  I should imagine it will take about three hours  ‘Is this enough food for everyone?’ ‘I should think so.’  ‘Will it matter?’ ‘I shouldn't think so.’  Used for expressing strong agreement  ‘I know it's expensive but it will last for years.’ ‘I should hope so too!’  ‘Nobody will oppose it.’ ‘I should think not!’  Why, how, who, what should somebody/something used to refuse something or to show that you are annoyed at a request; used to express surprise about an event or a situation  Why should I help him? He's never done anything for me  How should I know where you've left your bag?  I got on the bus and who should be sitting in front of me but Tony!  used to tell somebody that something would amuse or surprise them if they saw or experienced it  You should have seen her face when she found out! Conditional sentence type Second conditional The second conditional is used to talk about ‘unreal’ or impossible things  If I won a lot of money, I’d buy a big house in the country  Where would you live if you could live anywhere in the world?  If you didn’t smoke so much, you’d feel a lot better The structure is usually if + past simple and would + infinitive It’s not important which clause comes first Look at the difference between the first and second conditionals  In January: If it snows tomorrow, I’ll go skiing It might snow tomorrow  In August: If it snowed tomorrow, I’d go skiing It almost certainly won’t snow tomorrow NOTE: Although many conditional sentences use if + will/would, conditional sentences can also use other words instead of ‘if’ – e.g ‘when’ ‘as soon as’ ‘in case’ Other modal verbs can be used instead of ‘will/would’ – e.g ‘can/could’, ‘may’ ‘might’ Exercise For each situation in brackets write a sentence with should or shouldn't + one of the phrases in the box below Go away for a fewdays; go to bed so late; look for another job; put some pictures on the walls; take a photograph; use her car so much (Lizneedsachange.) She should go away for a few days (My salary is very low.) You (Jack always has difficulty _ getting up.) He (What a beautiful view!)You (Sue drive severy where She never walks.) She _ (Bill's room isn't very interesting.) He Answers: She should go away for a few days You should look for another job He shouldn't go to bed so late You should take a photograph She shouldn't use her car so much He should put some pictures on the wall Exercise Read the situations and write sentences with I think / I don't think should Peter and Judy are planning to get married You think it's a bad idea (getmarried) I don't think they should get married You don't like smoking, especially inrestaurants (bebanned)  I think _ I have a very bad cold but I plan to go out this evening.You don't think this is a good idea  You say to me: (go out) _ You are fed up with the boss You think he has made too many mistakes (resign) _ Answers: I don't think they should get married 2 I think smoking should be banned, especially in restaurants I don't think you should go out this evening I think the boss should resign Exercise Put the verbs into the correct form They would be rather offended if I didn’t go to see them (not/go) If you exercised more, you would feel better (feel) If I were offered the job, I think I it (take) I’m sure Anny will lend you the money, I’d very surprised if she (refuse) If I sold my car, I much money for it (not/get) A lot of people would be out of work if the factory (close down) What would happen if I that red button? (press) Liz gave me this ring She _ very upset if I lost it (be) Mark and Carol are expecting us They would be very disappointed if we (not/come) 10 Would Tim mind if I _ his bicycle without asking him? (borrow) 11 If somebody here with a gun, I’d be very frightened (walk) 12 I’m sure Sue _ if you explained the situation to her (understand) didn't go would feel would take refused would not get closed down pressed would be didn't come 10 borrowed 11 walked 12 would understand Vocabulary: Word Transcript Cl as s Meaning Example At stake /ət steɪk/ n Bị đe dọa Thousands of lives will be at stake if emergency aid does not arrive in the city soon Biodiversity /ˌbaɪəʊ da ɪˈvɜːsɪti n Đa dạng sinh học A new National Biological Survey will protect species habitat and biodiversity Carnivore /ˈkɑːnɪvɔːr / Động vật ăn thịt Lions and tigers are carnivores n Dolphin /ˈdɒlfɪn/ n Cá heo Among sea animals, I like dolphins the most Entrapment /ɪnˈtræpmənt/ n Sự đánh bẫy, mắc bẫy Sperm whale populations are at risk due to hunting and their accidental entrapment in fishing nets Gestation /dʒesˈteɪʃən/ n Gulf /gʌlf/ n Vịnh, vùng vịnh The gulf of Tonkin is in the South China Sea Herbicide /ˈhɜːbɪsaɪd/ n Thuốc diệt cỏ Herbicides are widely used in agriculture to kill unwanted plants Jellyfish /ˈdʒelifɪʃ/ n Con sứa The jellyfish is a sea animal with a soft oval almost transparent body Sự thai nghén The gestation period of rats is 21 days Krill /krɪl/ n Con tôm (rất nhỏ, sống Krill are very small animals with a hard outer shell vùng biển quanh which live in the sea and are eaten in large numbers Nam Cực), by some types of whale nhuyễn thể Offspring /ˈɒfsprɪŋ/ n Con cái, đẻ In the case of the guinea pig, the number of offspring varies between two and five Organism /ˈɔːgənɪzəm/ n sinh vật cá thể Amoebae and bacteria are single-celled organisms Reveal /rɪˈviːl/ v Tiết lộ He was jailed for revealing secrets to the Russians Seal /siːl/ n Con hải cẩu Now, we can see many seals at some aquariums Shark /ʃɑːk/ n Cá mập The movie 'Jaws' is about a man-eating shark Sperm whale /spɜːm weɪl/ n Cá nhà táng The sperm whale is a large whale with a very large long head Starfish /ˈstɑːrfɪʃ/ n Con biển The starfish is a beautiful fish Submarine /ˌsʌbməˈriːn/ n Tàu ngầm They have sent a submarine to investigate the seabed Turtle /ˈtɜːtl/ n Rùa biển The turtle is an animal which lives in or near water and has a thick shell covering its body Whale /weɪl/ n Cá voi The whale is a very large sea mammal that breathes air through a hole on the top of its head