Ghi nhớ : muốn đổi một câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp, ta phải : + Giữ nguyên động từ giới thiệu said hoặc đổi said to thành told nếu có túc từ.. đổi thành ngôi thứ như chủ từsubjectở
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Reported speech
A.
Câu phát biểu
- He said : “ I have lost my pen this morning.”
He said that he had lost his pen that morning
- She said to him: “I will go with you tomorrow.”
She told him that she would go with him the next day
Ghi nhớ : muốn đổi một câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp, ta phải :
+ Giữ nguyên động từ giới thiệu said hoặc đổi said to thành told nếu có túc từ.
+ Thay đổi đại từ nhân xưng, tính từ sở hữu… Ngôi thứ 1(I/we/me/my ) đổi thành ngôi thứ như chủ
từ(subject)ở mệnh đề chính Ngôi thứ 2 (you/your)đổi thành ngôi thứ của túc từ Ngôi thứ 3(he/she/they ) giữ
nguyên không đổi
+ Thay đổi thì của động từ trong câu : bằng cách cho lùi về quá khứ một bậc
- simple present - simple past
- present cont - past continuous
- present perfect - past perfect
- simple past - past perfect
- past continuous - past perfect continuous
- present per.cont - past perfect continuous
- simple future - present conditional (should/would)
- past perfect - past perfect
- perfect conditional - unchanged (khơng đổi)
+ Thay m ộ t s ố t ừ th ờ i gian & à n ơ i ch ố n
- today / tonight - that day / that night
-tonight - that night
- tomorrow - the following day / the next day
- yesterday - the previous day / the day before
- next week / month… - the following week / month…
- last week /month… - the week before /the month before…
- the day before yesterday - two days before
- the day after tomorrow - in two days’ time
- ago - before
- tomorrow morning - the following morning
- last Tuesday - the Tuesday before
- right now - at once
- here - there
- this / these - that / those
- He said : “ I’ll come here to take this book.”
He said that he would come there to take that book
- They said to us : “You must do this work right now.”
They told us that we had to do that work at once
* Khi câu động từ giới thiệu ở hiện tại đơn, thì của động từ trong câu gián tiếp không đổi và các từ chỉ thời gian hoặc nơi chốn vẫn giữ nguyên.
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- The doctor says to her : “You will have to stay here until tomorrow.”
The doctor tells her that she will have to stay here until tomorrow
B Câu hỏi
- She said to me : “Do you like swimming ?”
She asked me if/whether I liked swimming
- Tom said : “Has she finished her home work ?”
Tom wanted to know if she had finished her homework
- He asked me : “Why did you come home so late last night?”
He asked me why I had come home so late the night before
- Mary said : “ What’s he doing now?”
Mary wondered what he was doing then
Ghi nhớ: Đổi said thành asked + object, wondered hay wanted to know
C Câu mệnh lệnh
- The teacher said : “Go to the blackboard, John.”
The teacher told John to go to the blackboard
- He said to them : “Don’t be late tomorrow.”
He told them not to be late the next day
Ghi nhớ : Đổi said hay said to thành told hay asked + Object
+ Dùng to để thay thế cho dấu hai chấm và ngoặc kép khi là câu mệnh lệnh xác định và dùng not to khi là câu mệnh lệnh phủ định.
Tóm tắt Câu gián tiếp (reported speech)
Statements
(Câu phát biểu) * S + said + (that) + clause
* S + told + O + (that) + clause
Commands
(Câu mệnh
lệnh)
* S + told + O + to infinitive
* S + told + O + not + to infinitive
Wh-questions
(Câu hỏi nội
dung)
* S + asked + (O) + wh-… + clause
* S + wondered + wh-… + clause
* S + wanted to know + wh-… + clause
Yes-no questions
(Câu hỏi có
không)
* S + asked + (O) + if / whether + clause
* S + wondered + if /whether + clause
* S + wanted to know + if / whether + clause
QUI TẮC ĐÁNH TRỌNG ÂM :
1 Từ 2 âm tiết:
- Đối với động từ, tính từ, trạng từ và giới từ cĩ qui luật cơ bản như sau: Nếu âm tiết thứ hai cĩ chứa nguyên âm dài hoặc nguyên âm kép( ngoại trù âm / / thì trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ hai
Ví dụ : arrive (v) , attract (v) correct (adj ) _ Ngược lại, nếu âm tiết thứ hai cĩ chứa nguyên âm ngắn hoặc nguyên âm kép / / hoặc được kết thúc bằng một phụ âm thì trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết đầu
Ví dụ: open (v) borrow (v), lovely (adv) , sorry ( adj ) , rather ( adv) _ Đối với danh từ, nếu âm tiết thứ hai cĩ chứa nguyên âm ngắn thì trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết đầu Ví dụ : money, product, Và ngược lai , nếu âm tiết thứ hai cĩ chứa nguyên âm dài hoặc nguyên âm kép thì trọng âm rơi vào
âm tiết thứ hai
Ví dụ : balloon, design, estate
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I/ Put into the reported speech :
1/ Tom said : “I want to buy a bicycle for my brother.”
- _ 2/ She said : “I once spent my vacation in this village.”
- _ 3/ The librarian said : “Don’t make noise, boys “
- _ 4/ They said to me : “You taught us last year.”
- _ 5/ Mr.Pike said : “Our house cost us much money.”
- _ 6/ He said to his sister : “ I can’t find my hat anywhere in this room.”
- _ 7/ My father said to them : “My secretary is going to finish this job.”
8/ They said : “We can’t meet you here either today or tomorrow.”
- _ 9/ My friend said : “I think it won’t rain tomorrow.”
- _ 10/ He said : “Your car need repairing, Sam.”
- _ 11/ They said : “The Browns has ever lived in this house.”
- _ 12/ He said : “I’ll expect you to come here tomorrow.”
- _ 13/ The students said : “ We’ll be sitting for our next exam next Friday.”
- _ 14/ He said : “ I’m going to finish my work right now.”
- _ II/
Change to the reported speech:
1/ Mr Smith said : “Where are you going on your vacation this year ?”
- _ 2/ She said : “Did the mechanis finish repairing your car ?”
- _ 3/ She said : “Why has David been looking so miserable lately ?”
- _ 4/ I asked my friend : “Was anyone hurt in the car accident last month ?”
- _ 5/ She asked me : “How old are you now ?”
- _ 6/ He said to her : “Have you been to town today ?”
- _ 7/ John said : “How long does it take you to get to London, Mary ?”
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- _
8/ The policeman asked the little girl : “What’s your name ?”
- _
9/ Mr Green said to his secretary : “Who did you talk to a few minutes ago ?”
- _
10/ Paul said : “Can you swim, Mary ?”
- _
11/ He said : “Where can I find her in this town ?”
- _
12/ She asked her son : “Do you know which is the cup you used ?”
- _
13/ Helen said : “What did you say, Jack ?”
- _
14/ She said to him : “ Why didn’t you get up early this morning ?”
- _
15/ He said : “Will it rain tonight ?”
- _
III : Turn into the reported speech:
1/ The manager said : “ Come into my office, please.”
- _
2/ The teacher said to us : “Don’t make so much noise.”
- _
3/ Mr.Green said : “Please come to our dinner tonight, Bill.”
- _
4/ Susan said to Tom : “Don’t call me again at this late hour.”
- _
5/ She said to the boy : “Show me what you have in your hand.”
- _
6/ The policeman ordered : “Stay where you are and don’t touch anything.”- _
7/ The old lady said : “Will you please water these flowers for me.”
- _
8/ She said : “Don’t leave your coat on this chair.”
- _
9/ She said to him : “Don’t speak to me like that and behave yourself.”
- _
10/ Peter said : “Would you mind lending me your dictionary till next Monday.”- _
I/ Make the correct choice:
1.When they got to the theatre, the play
a.was beginning b.has begun c.will begin d.had begun
2.If he my invitation, I will be sad
a.refused b.refuses c.will refuse d.refuse
3.He told me he very ill since the day before
a.had been b.was c.would be d.has been
4 Sue needed some money to buy a camera, she cashed a cheque
a.Until b.Although c.If d.Because
5 carefully before you answer my questions
a.Think b.Thinking c.To think d.Thought
6.When these tables are steel, they are very heavy
a.made from b.making from c.made of d.making of
7.When your money in a bank, it gives you an interest
a.is put b.is putting c.puts d.put
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8.Everyone was amazed to see the man
a.interested b.surprised c.excited d.bored
9.Can you life without electricity
a.think b.imagine c.memorize d.regret
10.We’ve just bought a new cooker
a.electricity b.electric c.electrical d.electrically 11.I’m really with my job
a.tired b.excited c.attracted d.bored
12.My aunt living in the countryside
a.is used for b.is used to c.used to d.is using
13.Mr Thomas work on Sunday
a.used to b.is used to c.used d.is used for 14.She asked me what then
a I am doing b.I have been doing c.I was doing d.I were doing 15.He wishes he school at the age of 14
a.didn’t leave b.hadn’t left c.wouldn’t leave d.hasn’t left 16.How long ago to learn French?
a.did you begin b.have you begun c.you began d.do you begin
17 planets are there in the solar system?
a.How much b.How c.How many d.Where
18.English all overthe world
a.is speaking b.speaks c.spoke d.is spoken
19.What an amazing sight!
a.surprising b.interesting c.exciting d.boring
20.We should learn all the new words by heart in order to _ our vocabulary
a.do b.make c.create d.enrich
21.This room since I was here
a.was painted b.was painting c.has been painted d.has been panting 22.Did you speak to Mrs Baker ?
a.lately b.yesterday c.the day before d.so far
23.Unless you more careful, you will have an accident
a.were b.are c.will be d.drive
24.We have met the writer book is a best - seller
a.who b.whom c.his d.whose
25.I am accustomed to living on my own
a.used to b.fond of c.kind to d.interested in 26.The child parents died in the air crash is living with his aunt
a.who b.whom c.whose d.that
27.This place the site of an animal market
a.used to be b.used to being c.used for being d.was used to being 28.We will miss the plane if we now
a.leave b.don’t leave c.left d.didn’t leave
29 The city in we were born is very small
a.it b.which c that d.where
30 She has studied French _
a.5 years ago b.for 5 years c.since 5 years d.in 5 years
31 What did you do last night ? -I _ to the movies after I my homework
a.went/do b.had gone / did c.go /did d.went/had done 32.He was introduced to a well-known artist
a.famous b.unknown c.dangerous d.humourous 33.Martin, _ mother is Spanish, speaks both Spanish and English
a.his b.who c.that d.whose
34.Yesterday at a restaurant, I _ Pam , an old friend of mine
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a.had seen b.have seen c.saw d.see
35 I haven’t seen her _ years
a.in b.with c.since d.for
36.I’m very pleased _ I’ll go to London next week
a.with b.that c.so that d.since
37.He _ playing football five years ago
a.started b.has started c.is starting d.had started 38/ Tom’s away the moment He is on holiday France
a in / in b in / at c at / at d at / in 39/ She always goes for a walk with her dog Sunday mornings
a in b on c at d during 40/ He arrived Hanoi at 8.30 in the evening
a to b at c in d for
41/ In England, people drive the left side of the road
a in b about c at d on
42/ We are leaving Hanoi Ho Chi Minh City at 2 o’clock this afternoon
a for b in c to d at
43/ What was happening when he arrived the airport ?
a to b at c in d for
44/ It will be ready two weeks
a for b in c with d during 45/ He lives in a flat the fifth floor
a on b in c at d above 46/ We didn’t go the party because some friends came to stay with us
a to b for c at d in
47/ He gave up his job he was ill
a in spite of b although c because of d because 48/ If I time I would have gone shopping
a have had b had c had had d would have 49/ I wish I to type when I was a student
a had learnt b would learn c would have learnt d learnt 50/ he quits smoking, he will die
a If b Unless c Although d Because 51/ He spent a whole day the radio
a repairing b to repair c repaired d repair 52/ More newspapers in this city
a are selling b are being sold c sell d sold
53/ She sings more than you do
a beautifully b beautiful c well d badly 54/ The bill before the fifth of the month
a had to pay b had to be paid c had paid d paid
55/ The tea was hot for her to drink
a so b enough c too d very
56/ If it doesn’t rain, they for a picnic
a would go b have gone c go d will go 57/ It was such that nobody believed it
a crazy story b crazy c a crazy story d story 58/ Their crop was good that they decided to give a party
a very b too c such d so
59/ She asked how long us to get there
a it would take b it will take c would it take d will it take 60/ Mrs White on the radio in her car while she home yesterday
a was turning / was driving b was turning / drove
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c turned / was driving d turned / drove
61/ She to some music when she suddenly heard a siren
a listening b is listening c was listening d listened
62/ She looked in her mirror an ambulance behind her
a saw b had seen c and was seeing d and saw
63/ His plan is similar hers
a with b for c to d as
64/ This country is very rich _ natural resources
65/ Your mother is very kind me
a to b of c with d for
66/ Smoking is not _ here
a allowing b allowed c to allow d allow
67/ He never takes his parents’ _
a adviser b advisory c advice d advices
68/ He is waiting for the last bus
a patient b patiently c patience d impatient
69/ With the help of a computer, you can make a business plan
a likely b easy c hardly d easily
70/ She joined the English speaking club out of
a curiosity b curious c curiously d being curiosity 71/ The child parents died in the air crash is living with his aunt
a who b whom c whose d that
72/ This place the site of an animal market
a used to be b used to being c used for being d was used to being 73/ she doesn’t work harder, she’ll lose her job
a If b Unless c Until d Although
74/ We will miss the plane if we now
a leave b don’t leave c left d didn’t leave 75/ The day of the meeting again
a will change b will be changed c changes d will be changing 76/ Unless they a lamp beside that hole, somebody will fall into it
a don’t leave b leave c won’t leave d will leave
77/ The workers repaired the bridge
a tomorrow b next week c last week d since yesterday 78/ The city we were born is very small
a which b in where c in that d where
79/ She has studied French _
a 5 years ago b for 5 years c since 5 years d in 5 years
80/ They left very early in the morning nobody could see them
a so that b unless c if d because
81/ He is of collecting coins
a interested b disappointed c excited d fond
82/ What did you do last night ? -I _ to the movies after I my
homework
a.went / do b had gone / did c go / did d went / had done 83/ He wishes he Jane to his party yesterday
a invited b would invite c has invited d had invited 84/ This is that it is not worth keeping
a such old furniture b such an old furniture
c very old furniture d an old furniture
85/ The lesson was so _ that most of them fell asleep in the middle
a uninteresting b interesting c bored d exciting
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86/ Those pictures are _ a extreme beautiful b extremely beautiful
c extremely beautifully d extreme beautifully 87/ You are very different _ your brother
a with b as c from d for
88/ Many cultural _ were held by the government
a actions b activities c acts d active
89/ She has a good _ of science
a know b knew c known d knowledge 90/ After making a tour Thailand, he arrived _ Tan Son Nhat airport yesterday
a of / in b in / in c in / at d of / at
91/ The hotel is very famous _ its pleasant atmosphere
a with b for c about d in
II/ Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed
1 Almost 300 million people had visited America’s national parks every year
a b c d
2 We have ever read Oliver Twist writing by Charles Dickens
a b c d
3 The police made the robbers telling the true
a b c d
4 The artist whom pictures we saw yesterday is also a concert pianist
a b c d
5 The eyes of some fish enables them to see what is going on in the water
a b c d
6 What do you buy flowers? – Because today is Mary’s birthday
a b c d
7 Yesterday, they have been working hard all day so that they could go home early
a b c d
8 Although his bad cough, he kept on smoking
a b c d
9 Will you see any film directed by Stephen yet ?
a b c d
10 Although my tiredness, I continue working on the broken machine
a b c d
11 How many time does it take you to come to school?
a b c d
12 You have to study harder unless you will fail the examination
a b c d