Bài 13 : CÁCH BIẾN ĐỔI CÂUTRANSFORMATION Cách biến đổi câu là cách ta viết lại câu theo một cấu trúc mới thường được cho trước mà không thay đổi nghĩa của câu ban đầu.. Như vậy, câu viết
Trang 1Bài 13 : CÁCH BIẾN ĐỔI CÂU
(TRANSFORMATION)
Cách biến đổi câu là cách ta viết lại câu theo một cấu trúc mới (thường được cho trước) mà không thay đổi nghĩa của câu ban đầu
* Ví dụ 1 : Hãy viết lại câu sau đây :
- He didn’t go to school yesterday because he was ill.
Because of……
Theo ví dụ trên, ta viết lại câu bằng “Because of…” , có nghĩa là ta biến mệnh đề “ he was ill” thành một cụm từ, vì sau “because of” ta phải dùng một cụm từ Như vậy, câu viết lại có thể là :
Because of his illness, he didn’t go to school yesterday.
Hoặc Because of being ill, he didn’t go to school yesterday
Hoặc Because of his being ill, he didn’t go to school yesterday.
* Ví dụ 2 : Hãy viết lại câu sau đây :
- They built that house a century ago.
That house……
Theo ví dụ trên, câu viết lại bắt đầu bằng “That house” – một túc từ – có nghĩa là ta viết lại câu này ở dạng bị động (passive voice) Như vậy, câu viết lại như sau :
That house was built a century ago
* Ví dụ 3 : Hãy viết lại câu sau đây :
- He didn’t go out because he didn’t have time.
If……
Theo ví dụ trên, câu viết lại bắt đầu bằng “If”, có nghĩa là ta viết lại câu này thành câu điều kiện không có thật ở quá khứ (loại 3) vì thì của động từ ở quá khứ Câu viết lại như sau :
If he had had time, he would have gone out.
* Ví dụ 4 : Hãy viết lại câu sau đây :
- The last time I saw her was five years ago.
I haven’t…………
Theo ví dụ trên, câu viết lại sẽ ở thì hiện tại hoàn thành vì câu bắt đầu bằng “I haven’t……”
I haven’t seen her for five years.
(ago không được dùng ở thì hiện tại hoàn thành, nên ta dùng for để thay thế.)
* Ví dụ 5 : Hãy viết lại câu sau đây :
- His house is bigger than mine.
My house isn’t………
Theo ví dụ trên, câu viết lại sẽ chuyển thành dạng so sánh bằng ở thể phủ định
My house isn’t as big as his
Trang 2Hay My house isn’t so big as his (house).
EXERCISE I: Rewrite the following sentences without changing their meanings:
1/ His father is taller than his mother
- His mother is not _
2/ Tom didn’t come to the party Ann didn’t come to the party, either
- Neither Tom _
3/ Although the traffic was bad, I arrived on time
- In spite of _
4/ If you have a car, you are able to travel around more easily
- Having a car enables
5/ The sudden noise caused me to jump
- The sudden noise made _
6/ My father said I could use his car
- My father allowed
7/ She wouldn’t allow me to read the letter
- She wouldn’t let _
8/ Tom is ill He became ill three days ago
- Tom has _
9/ I can’t give up smoking, but I’d like to
- I wish
10/ She often writes to him and he often writes to her
- They
11/ If you don’t hurry, you’ll be late
- Unless _
12/ Jane is a better cook than Mary
- Mary can’t
13/ Jack is too young to get married
- Jack is not _
14/ I don’t really want to go to the museum
- I’d rather
Trang 315/ Despite taking a taxi, Bill arrived late for the concert.
- Although
16/ She made herself ill because she worked very hard
- She worked so
17/ The book was so good that I couldn’t put it down
- It was such _
18/ Nobody can solve this problem
- This problem _
19/ The man injured in the accident was taken to the hospital
- The man who _
20/ That girl is very beautiful
- What
21/ Bill is not old enough to drive a car
- Bill is too _
22/ His house is not as comfortable as hers
- Her house is _
23/ It is said that he is 108 years old
- He is said
24/ Tom said : “I’m feeling ill.”
- Tom said that _
25/ I got all the information I need from Tom
- Tom provided _
26/ Ann said to Bill : “Don’t forget to have your appoinment with Mr.Brown.”
- Ann reminded _
27/ They don’t understand him because he doesn’t speak clearly
- If _
28/ She didn’t buy the coat because she didn’t have enough money
- If _
29/ She was very stupid when she went out in the rain
- It was
Trang 430/ I am always nervous when I travel by air.
- Travelling by air _
31/ The last time I saw her was in 1985
- I haven’t _
32/ That meal was excellent
- How
33/ That factory is producing more and more pollution
- More and more pollution
34/ We must leave now or we’ll miss the train
- If _
35/ She is a faster and more careless driver than I am
- She drives
36/ How old do you think this building is ?
- When do you think _
37/ He is sorry now that he didn’t invite Jane to his party
- He wishes
38/ This furniture is so old that it is not worth keeping
- This is _
39/ We spent five hours getting to London
- It _
40/ When I arrived in London, I wrote a letter home
- On
41/ I hope to see you at Christmas
- I’m looking forward _
42/ I’ve never seen such a mess in my life
- Never in my life
43/ Don’t try to escape It’s no use
- It’s no use
44/ It won’t be difficult to get a ticket for the concert
- You won’t have any
Trang 545/ Whose is this handbag ?
- Who _
EXERCISE II : Rewrite these sentences as directed :
1 The number of discontented young men is increasing considerably The reason for
situation is that they haven’t been given vocational guidance at home or in the school
(Combine these two sentences, using “The reason why ”)
2 He doesn’t speak much English Only _ words.
(Use an adjective of quantity)
3 Adolescents haven’t been give vocational guidance at home or in the school.
(change to the Active voice)
4 Most school leavers are badly prepared for employment They know very little about their
future work
(Use “so that” to combine them)
5 Seldom did people travel far from home years ago.
(Use the ordinary word order)
6 My brother is a factory worker He talked with you yesterday.
(Combine into one sentence)
7 That scientific discovery was so important that it has affected every man’s way of life ever
since
(Use “such” instead of “so”)
8 She asked him, “Do you like your job ?”.
(Write in the Reported speech)
9 The students have suggested that they should be given more employment guidance
(Use Gerund as Object)
10 He was given a gift So were you.
(Join into one sentence, using “as well as”)
11 My sister has already got married So has my brother.
(Join into one sentence, using “both and”)
12 I don’t have any interesting book I can’t lend you any.
(Reduce into one sentence, using an infinitive instead of a clause)
13 They desire to have good jobs.
(Use a noun instead of verb “desire”)
14 What you (do) if you had attended the meeting ?
(Supply the correct verb form)
15 Mr Nam is an experienced doctor He saved my brother from death.
(Combine into one sentence, using Relative pronoun)
EXERCISE III: Rewrite these sentences as directed :
1 Because of his love for teaching, David would continue his teaching career.
(Use “because” instead of “because of”)
2 Upon completion of his apprenticeship at the construction company, he worked for a small
garage to get more experience
Trang 6(Use an Adverb clause instead of a prepositional phrase).
3 Only when they have chosen a right career can they devote themselves to their jobs.
(Use the ordinary order)
4 He was given a chance to stay on at this garage for six more months to see how he got on.
(Change to the Active voice)
5 It always requires of man best efforts to overcome every difficulty in life.
(Use a gerund as Subject)
6 This maths problem is too difficult He can’t solve it.
(Reduce into one sentence, using an infinitive instead of a clause)
7 She hasn’t done her homework I haven’t done my homework.
(Join into one sentence, using “Neither nor”)
8 She has little knowledge of English Grammar.
(Transform the sentence using a verb instead of the knowledge)
9 Do you want to play football ? (Use “enjoy” instead of “want”).
10 She worked hard so she got high wages.
(Make a conditional sentence contrary to this fact)
11 It doesn’t rain enough The plants don’t grow properly.
(Combine into one sentence, using “enough to”)
12 “How long will it take us to go to My Tho by car ?”
I don’t know it
(Combine into one sentence, using an indirect question)
13 She said she didn’t mind rode her bicycle to school.
(Use a gerund as Object of he verb)
14 Some people think that it would be hard work to conserve natural resources.
(Use a gerund as Subject)
15 He paid little attention to his teacher’s explanation (Make a question of quantity).