177 thanh phan loai va su phan bo cua thuc vat

Tap chi K H O A HOC O H S P T P H C M So 58 ndm 2014 THANH P H A N LOAI VA SlT PHAN BO CUA THUC VAT D A T NGAP N\f6C d HUYEN DUC HUE, TINH LONG AN PHAM VAN NGOT", NGUYEN THANH NHAN", DANG VAN SON*" TOM TAT Kit qud nghien cim da dgng thuc vdt ciia he sinh thdi ddt ngap nude a huyen Due Hue, tinh Long An da ghi nhdn duac 155 lodi, 119 chi, 66 ho thudc ngdnh thuc vdt bgc cao CO mgch Id ngdnh Duang xi (Polypodiophyta) vd ngdnh Ngoc lan (Magnoliophyta); cd 135 lodi (chiim 87,1% tdng sd lodi) cd gid tri su dung nhu lam thudc (113 lodi), Idm rau (26 lodi), Idm cdnh (15 lodi) , lodi cd gid tri bdo tdn (chiim 1,3%) theo thang ddnh gid ciia Sdch Viet Nam 2007 (SDVN) Su phdn bd ciia thuc vdt chiu dnh hudng bdi yiu td chinh: theo miia, theo thiiy vuc vd theo pH nuac Td khoa: thuc vat dat ngap nuoc, thuc vat, da dang Due Hue, Long An ABSTRACT Species composition and the distribution of wetland plants in Due Hue district, Long An province An assessment of floral diversity in Due Hue district, Long An province, was carried out The survey results identified 155 species, 119 genera, 66 families belonging to the two phyla of vascular plants including Polypodiophyta and Magnoliophyta, among which were 135 species (87.1% of the total) considered as medicinal plants (113 species), vegetables (26 species), ornamental plants (15 species) Two species were listed for conservation by Vietnam Red Data Book, Part II, Plants (2007) The distribution of plants was influenced by three factors including season, type of water bodies andpH of water Keywords: wetland plants, plant, diversity Due Hue, Long An Ma dau Due Hue la mot huyen nim phia bic cua tinh Long An gom 10 xa la Binh Hoa Bic, Binh Hoa Hung, Binh Hoa Nam, Binh Thanh, My Binh, My Quy Dong, My Quy Tay, My Thanh Bic, My Thanh Dong, My Thanh Tay va thi trin TS, Tryang Dai hoc Su" pham TPHCM JhS, Truong THPT Hau NghTa, Long An * NCS, Vien Sinh hoc nhiet dai 50 Dong Thanh, voi tong dien tich tu nhien 43.092 Day la vung chuySn fi§p giiia bac them phu sa c6 voi vung thuong luu ciia d6ng bing song Cuu Long; co doan song Vam' Co Dong chay qua dai hon 32,8 km, da hinh nen nhiSu vung dat ngap nuoc co gia tri khong chi d6i Tap chi KHOA HOC OHSP TPHCM Pham Vdn Nggt vd tgk voi nguoi dan dia phuong nhu cung cip luong thuc, thuc phim, nuoc tuoi cho san xuit nong nghiep, cac san phim nong lam nghiep, thuy san co gia tri kinh te cao ma dong vai tro quan d6i voi moi truong nhu xii li nguon nuoc nhiem, giam thiiu lu lut va han han, 6xhu hoa hau, on dinh muc nuoc ngam va la noi song va cung cap thiic an cho cac loai dong vat hoang da, co nhieu loai dugc xep vao danh muc cac loai nguy cap can dugc bao ve The nhung nhiing nam gan day, dien tich dat ngap nuoc o huyen Diic Hue bi suy giam nghiem trgng mgt ^ •) T r phan chuyen doi dat ngap nuoc dat san xuat nong nghiep va qua trinh thi hoa dien nhanh da dan den nhung ton that dang ke ve da dang sinh hgc ma dac biet la tai nguyen thuc vat Muc dich cua nghien cuu la khao sat hien trang ve da dang thuc vat va sir phan bo ciia chiing nhimg vung dat ngap nuoc sot lai ciia huyen, nhim gop phan danh gia nguon tai nguyen thien nhien, giiip dia phuong thuan lgi hon viec su dung va phat triln hgp li ngudn tai nguyen co gia tri PhiroTig phap nghien ciru Cac cong trinh khoa hgc co lien quan dSn de tai nghien ciiu dugc thu thap de lam co so dinh huong cho ngi dung khao sat va nghien ciiu Tien hanh khao sat thuc dia theo tuyin (thang 4, thang 7/2011, thang 8/2012) de thu thap mlu tieu ban thuc vat Khao sat mgt so dac diem ve moi trucmg de xac dinh sir phan bo ciia thuc vat, cac yeu to khao sat theo cac mua khac nam nhu: do man, pH, miic ngap nuoc thuong xuyen hay dinh ki Dua vao tai lieu Cay co Viet Nam cua Pham Hoang Hg (1999 2003) [3] de dinh loai cac mau thuc vat, dong thoi doi chieu so mau voi cac mau chuan dugc luu giii tai Bao tang Thuc vat thuoc Vien Sinh hgc Nhiet doi Viec phan chia va xac dinh cac nhom cay co ich dua vao ket qua dieu tra thuc dia ket hgp voi cac tai lieu nhu: Tu dien Cay thuoc Viet Nam cua Vo Van Chi (2012) [2], Nhung cay thuoc va vi thuoc Viet Nam cua Do Tat Lgi (2004) [4], 1900 cay co ich cua Trin Dinh Ly (1995) [5], Sach Viet Nam (2007) [1] va cac tai lieu khac co lien quan Nganh Nggc lan (Magnoliophyta) CO lop va moi lop xep cac hg theo Brummit (1992) [8] Cong tac ngi nghiep dugc tiln hanh o Phong Thi nghiem Thuc vat cua Khoa Sinh, Dai hgc Su pham TP H6 Chi Minh va Vien Sinh hgc Nhiet doi Ket qua va thao luan 3.1 Da dgng vi thdnh phdn lodi Kit qua dieu tra cho thiy khu vuc nghien ciiu co 155 loai, 119 chi, 66 hg thuoc nganh thuc vat bac cao co mach la nganh Duong xi (Polypodiophyta) va nganh Nggc lan (Magnoliophyta) Trong do, nganh Duong xi co loai, thuoc chi, cua hg; nganh Nggc lan co 146 loai, thuoc 111 chi, cua 58 hg (bang 1) Nhu vay, co the khang dinh nganh Nggc lan chiem uu thi khu vuc nghien cuu 51 Sd 58 nam 2014 Tap chi KHOA HOC OHSP TPHCM Bang Phdn bd cdc taxon ngdnh thuc vdt Nganh Loai Chi Ho • So luOTlg Ti le % So lyoTig 146 155 Ti le % So luong • Polypodiophyta Magnoliophyta Tong cong 12,12 87,88 100 58 66 6,72 93,28 100 111 119 Ti le % 5,81 94,19 100 Phan tich sau hon ve nganh Nggc lan (Magnoliophyta) cho thay ket qua nhu sau: lop Nggc lan (Magnoliopsida) chiem uu the voi so loai la 87 chiem 59,59%, so chi la 70 chiem 63,06%, so hg la 40 chiem 68,97% toan nganh (bang 2) Bdng Phdn bd cdc taxon ngdnh Ngoc lan (Magnoliophyta) Ho L^ Liliopsida Magnoliopsida Tong cong So luong Ti le % 18 40 58 31,03 68,97 100 O cap hg, co 10 hg co so lugng loai nhieu nhat voi 82 loai chiim 52,6%) tong so loai toan viing nghien ciiu; cac hg co so lugng loai nhieu nhat phai ke den la hg Coi (Cyperaceae) co 19 loai (chiem 12,26%) tong so loai), hg Hoa thao (Poaceae) co 14 loai (chiim 9,03%), hg Dau (Fabaceae) co loai (chiim 5,81%)), hg Thau dau (Euphorbiaceae) va Hoa mom cho (Scrophulariaceae) mdi hg co loai (chiim 4,52%)), hg Ciic (Asteraceae) va Bim bim (Convolvulaceae) mdi hg co loai (chiim 3,87) Trong so 155 loai thuc vat da dugc ghi nhan, thi co mgt so loai uu thi, dac trung cho he thuc vat dit ngap nuoc ciia huyen Diic Hue la Tram {Melaleuca cajiiputi Powell), Bang {Lepironia articulata (Retz.) Domin), Nang nggt {Eleocharis dulcis (Burm.f.) Trin ex 52 Loai Chi • So lyoTig 41 70 111 w Ti le % So itfong Ti le % 36,94 63,06 100 59 87 146 40,41 59,59 100 Hensch.), Luc binh {Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms), Nghe {Persicaria pulchra (Blume) Sojak), Sen {Nelumbd nucifera Gaertn.), Siing tring (Nymphaea pubescens Willd.), M6m mo {Hymenachne amplexicaulis (Rudge) Nees), Co nga {Coix aquatica Roxb.) va Dung {Scleria poiformis Retz.) Mac du dia ban nghien ciiu co tinh chit dac trung la b6n triing va lung phen nhung day van co sir xuit hien ciia mgt s6 loai thuc vat nuoc Ig phan b6 ven song Vam Co Dong dia phan thuoc xa Binh Hoa Nam co rit nhilu quin thi Diia nuoc (Nypa fruticans Wurmb), quin thi Chudi nuoc {Crinum asiaticum L.) keo dai hang tram met, rong 30-50m va it dan chi mgc rai rac cho toi tan My Quy Dong Mgt s6 loai thuc vat nuoc Ig khac mgc xen nhu Bin chua {Sonneratia caseolaris Tap chi KHOA HOC OHSP TPHCM (L.) Engl.), Tra lam v6 {Thespesia populnea (L.) Sol ex Correa), Bgt Ich biln {Glochidion littorale Blume), Son nuoc {Gluta velutina Blume) 3.2 Gid tri tdi nguyen cua thirc vgt 3.2.1 Gid tri su dung Phgm Van Ngpt vd tgk Chiing toi da ghi nhan dugc tai r nguyen thuc vat dat ngap nuoc huyen Diic Hue CO 135 loai (chiem 87,1% t6ng so loai) CO gia tri su dung va chia cac nhom cay co ich theo nhu o bang va phan phu luc Bdng Gid tri sic dung ciia thuc vdt STT Cong dung Nhom cay lam thuoc Nhom cay lam rau Nhom cay lay go va cho ciii Nhom cay gia dung Nhom cay lam canh Nhom cay cho qua Nhom cay lam phan xanh Nhom cay cho chan nuoi r - Nhdm cdy lam thudc: c6 113 loai co gia tri lam thuoc chiem 72,9% tong so loai vung nghien cuu, do, co cac loai nhu Lac tien (T^assiflora foetida L.), Choc gai {Lasia spinosa (L.) Thwaites), Ho dang long {Cissampelos pareira L.) Day la cac loai dugc nguoi dan dia phuong su dung de chira cac benh thong thuong nhu mun nhgt, man ngura, chira li true trang, giai nhiet - Nhdm cdy lam rau: co 26 loai chiem 16,8%) tdng so loai co gia trj lam thuc pham, co nhilu loai cay hoang dai dugc nguoi dan ua chuong dung bira com gia dinh nhu la nguon rau xanh ddng thoi ciing la bai thudc dan gian chiia cac benh thdng thucmg nhu Choai {Stenochlaena palustris (Burm.f.) Bedd.j, La he {Blyxa aubertii Rich.), Rau nhiit (Neptunia oleracea Lour.;, Rau ma {Centella asiatica (L.) Urb.) So loai 113 26 16 15 8 Ti le % 72,90 16,77 10,32 3,23 9,68 5,16 5,16 3,87 - Nhdm cdy lam cdnh: cd 15 loai chiem 9,7% tdng sd loai cd gia tri lam canh Ngay voi xu hudng "ve vdi thien nhien" nen cd rat nhieu loai thuc vat hoang da da va dang dang bi "san liing" rao net, ngu tri nhiing ngdi nha sang trgng, van phdng, cdng vien hay ca cac khu dd thj Cac loai bi khai thac nhieu la Lgc viing {Barringtonia acutangula (L.) Gaertn.) va Sanh {Ficus benjamina L./ - Nhdm cdy lay gd vd cho cui: cd 16 loai chiem 10,32% tdng sd loai; nhdn^ cay dugc su dimg de lay gd dung xay dung, ddng cac dd diing gia dinh, tau thuyen hoac lay ciii Cac loai F dugc khai thac phd bien nhu Mii u {Calophyllum inophyllum L.), Tram {Melaleuca cajuputi Powell^, Tra lam vd {Thespesia populnea (L.) Sol ex Correa), Son nuoc {Gluta velutina Blume) 3.2.2 Gid tri ve ngudn gen quy hiem 53 Sd 58 nam 2014 Tap chi KHOA HOC OHSP TPHCM Ben canh viec dieu tra phan loai cd gia tri tai nguyen thi can phai cd sir danh gia miic de dga cua cac loai he thuc vat viing nghien ciiu Tir de cac chinh sach uu tien va bien phap bao ve cd hieu qua Theo Sach Viet Nam (2007) [1], tdng sd 156 loai thuc vat dugc ghi nhan thi cd loai (chiem 1,3%) dugc xep vao danh muc cac loai can dugc bao tdn d cap "Se nguy cap VU" la Liia trdi {Oryza rufipogon Griff.), loai mat dan ngoai tu nhien mdi trudng sdng thay ddi va Ca na (Elaeocarpus hygrophilus Kurz), day la loai bi khai thac nhieu de lay qua lam miit, d mai va lay gd sir dung 3.3 Sir phdn bd cua thirc vgt ddt ngap nir&c 3.3.1 Phdn bd theo miia Cd sir bien ddng kha ldn vl cac loai thuc vat giiia miia mua va miia khd Vao miia mua sd lugng loai phong phii hon, sir sdng dien manh me hon so vdi mua khd Miia mua dit cd am cao nen nhieu loai thuc vat ua am bat dau phat trien manh nhu Vdi voi {Heliotropium indicum L.), E ldn dau (Hyptis capitata Jacq.), Td lien ray {Torenia polygonoides Benth.), Man dit {Lindernia antipoda (L.) Alston) mgc khip bd ao, bd muong va cac viing dit im thip Mua mua Cling la miia hoa kit qua ciia hiu hit cac loai thuc vat, phd biln la hg Hda thao (Poaceae) va hg Cdi (Cyperaceae) Nhung ciing cd mdt sd loai hoa vao mua khd nhu Ca na {Elaeocarpus hygrophilus Kurz), Hoang diu in {Xyris indica L.) Vao miia mua, nude Iii tran ve vdi'muc nude ngap sau, sd loai thuc vat giam di mdt each ro ret Nhieu > y F F loai da chet di nhung cung cd rat nhieu loai thuc vat sdng dugc qua Iii nhu: Luc binh (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms), Beo tai chudt {Salvinia cucullata Roxb.) hay cac loai thiiy sinh chim nhu Kim ngu {Ceratophyllum demersum L.j, NhT can vang (Utricularia aurea Lour.) Khi Iii riit dan khdi ddng thi NhT can vang (Utricularia aurea Lour.) va Rau mac bao {Monochoria vaginalis (Burm.f.) C Presl), Siing trang (Nymphaea pubescens Willd.) la nhimg loai xuat hien trd lai sdm nhat va chiem F UU the Trong do, sd lugng loai ciia cac cay than gd va day leo khdng cd su thay ddi dang ke miia lu ciing nhu miia khd, chiing chi giam sire sdng F 54 F F t Iii den va phat trien manh trd lai lu di qua Khi lu riit han khdi ddng, dat trd nen khd rao hon thi cac loai thug vat chet Iii trudc dd nhu Cd chi {Cynodon dactilon (L.) Pers.), Cii com {Cyperus halpan L.), Cd ding tan {Fuirena umbellata Rottb.), Cd chac {Fimbristylis miliacea (L.) Vahl) phat triln trd lai nhd hat hoac than re nim dit Vao miia khd, sd lugng va so loai thuc vat giam di dang kl, nhit la cac loai ua im Cac thuc vat thiiy sinh chim hoac ndi cd dien tich thu hep lai chi cdn cac sdng, rach va cac bung, dia Sir biln ddng theo miia ciia thuc vat dit ngap nude la kha rd rang Sd lugng va phan loai thay doi rd ret miia lu, cung nhu giiia hai miia mua va khd Cac thuc vat than thao thudng giam dl rat nhieu miia lii, cac nhdm dang song khac khdng cd biln F y Tap chi KHOA HOC OHSP TPHCM Phgm Vdn Ngpt vd tgk ddng ldn 3.3.2 Phdn bd theo thiiy vuc Co su khac biet kha ro ve sd lugng loai thirc vat giira cac thuy vuc d khu vuc 'Ughien ciru, qua trinh thuc dia da ghi nhan dugc phin loai d cac thuy vuc dong cd, lung Sen thudng thip hon phin loai d cac rimg tram, kenh dao, rudng Ilia - Thuy vu-c ngap nirdc thirdng xuyen + Lung Sen, lung Siing: day la hai thuy vuc cd ngap sau va ngap quanh nam, nhien lung Siing cd ngap sau hon Lung Sen Mua mua thudng cd ngap tir 1,5 - 2m, miia khd tir 0,5 1,2m, va pH trung tinh (pH = 7,5) Thuy vuc phong phii vdi cac loai thuy sinh, ngoai Sen (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) va Sung dd (Nymphaea rubra Roxb ex Andrews) la hai loai chiem uu the, cdn cd F F Cd bac (Leersia hexandra Sw.), Cd dng {Panicum repens L.), Mdm md {Hymenachne amplexicaulis (Rudge) Nees), Rau dira {Ludwigia adscendens (L.) H Hara), Beo cai {Pistia stratiotes L.), Beo tai chudt {Salvinia cucullata Roxb.), NhT can vang {Utricularia aurea Lour.), Kim ngu {Ceratophyllum demersum L.), Nang nggt {Eleocharis dulcis (Burm.f.) Trin ex Hensch.) va Luc binh {Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms) + Ddng cd Ndng: day ciing la noi ngap nude quanh nam nhung ngap can hon Lung Sen, Lung Siing; miia mua ngap toi da chi tir 0,5-Im, mua khd tir 0,2-0,5m d day cd sd loai kha thap, chu ylu la Nang nggt {Eleocharis dulcis (Burm.f.) Trin ex Hensch.) chiem uu the Ngoai cdn cd cac loai nhu Bang {Lepironia articulata (Retz.) Domin), Cd F F dng {Panicum repens L.), Cd bac {Leersia hexandra Sw.), Cii com {Cyperus halpan L.), Lac vdi dep {Cyperus platystilis R Br.) va NhT can vang (Utricularia aurea Lour.) + Rimg Trdm: theo thdng tin tir Hat Kiem lam huyen Diic Hue, thi toan bd rimg Tram hien deu la rimg trdng, phan bd rai rac d khap cac xa vdi dien tich nhd le chi vai Tang cay gd don dieu vdi mdt loai nhat la Tram {Melaleuca cajuputi Powell) Vao mua mua, cd the ngap tdi 0,5 m, mua khd tir 0-0,2 m, pH dao ddng tir 5-7,5 Day ciing la mdt cac thiiy vuc cd sd loai tuong ddi phong phii Nhimg loai thudng gap dudi tan thudng la Bang (Lepironia articulata (Retz.) Domin), Nang nggt (Eleocharis dulcis (Burm.f.) Trin ex Hensch.), Cd dng (Panicum repens L.), Cd bac (Leersia hexandra Sw), NhT can vang {Utricularia aurea), Luc binh {Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms.), Rau mac thon {Monochoria hastata (L.) Solms.), Day choai {Stenochlaena palustris (Burm f.) Bedd.) + Cdc thiiy vuc kenh ddo vd ao nudi cd: mang ludi kenh dao d huyen Diic Hue rat phat trien nham tang hieu qua xa lii, rira phen cho viing dat Ben canh cac kenh da dao tir lau la cac kenh mdi dao va chiem sd lugng chii yeu Cac loai thuc vat d day tuong ddi phong phii, mdt sd loai thudng gap nhu Luc binh {Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms.), Rau mac thon {Monochoria 55 Tap chi KHOA HOC OHSP TPHCM hastata (L.) Solms.), Sen {Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.), Mdm md {Hymenachne amplexicaulis (Rudge) Nees), Rau dira {Ludwigia adscendens (L.) H Hara), Nghe {Polygonum tomentosum Schrank), Mdn nude {Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott), Cd nga {Coix aquatica Roxb.), Chudi nude F •\ {Crinum asiaticum L.) Hau nhu tat ca cac kenh dao deu da bi Luc binh va mdt F sd loai cd che phii gay can trd luu thdng dudng thiiy, thdi muc lam giam oxi r^ F r hda tan nude, dan den chet ca va anh hudng den cac loai thiiy sinh khac + Thuy vuc ven sdng Vdm Cd Ddng: day la thuy vuc ngap nude thudng xuyen va chiu anh hudng true tilp bdi trieu cudng Ngoai thuc vat than thao cdn cd cac loai cay than gd va cac loai day leo chang chit tao nen thuy vuc cd miic da dang ve loai cao Cac loai gap phd F bien nhu: Luc binh {Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms.), Beo cai {Pistia stratiodes L.), Mdn nude {Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott), Chuoi nude {Crinum asiaticum L.), Rang dai {Acrostichum aureum L.), Say {Phragmites karka (Retz.) Trin ex Steud.), Dura gai {Pandanus kaida Kurz), Dira nude {Nypa fruticans Wurmb), Xang mau {Horsfieldia irya (Gaertn.) Warb.), Gira (Ficus microcarpa L.f.), Mil u {Calophyllum inophyllum L.), Lgc virng {Barringtonia acutangula (L.) Gaertn.), Son nude {Gluta velutina Blume/ Thdy vu-c ngap nir&c theo miia y + Ddng Dung: la thuy vuc cd da dang vl phin loai tuong ddi thip, ngap nude chii ylu vao miia mua vdi dd 56 Sd 58 ndm 2014 ngap tir 10-50cm va pH tir 3-6 Ddng co Dung gap nhieu d cac xa My Quy Tay, My Thanh Tay, My Binh vdi dien tich len din Ci thuy vuc nay, Dung {Scleria poiformis Retz.) la loai chiem uu thi gin nhu tuyet ddi Ngoai ra, cdn gap mdt sd loai khac nhu Nang nggt {Eleocharis dulcis (Burm.f.) Trin ex Hensch.), Cd dng {Panicum repens L.), Cd bac (Leersia hexandra Sw.) va Diia gai {Pandanus kaida Kurz) + Ddng Cd dng: day la thiiy vuc co cao tuong ddi, la vimg chuyen tiep giira viing gd ddi va viing dat thap, co mdt sd lung ngap nude quanh nam gap rai rac d cac xa Binh Hda Hung, Binh Thanh, My Quy Tay Thuy vuc chi ngap nude vao miia mua, vdi pH dao ddng tir 5-6 nen sd lugng loai it da dang F Ngoai Cd dng (Panicum repens L.) la loai chiem uu the, thi d day cdn cd sir xuat hien ciia Dung {Scleria poiformis Retz.), Nang nggt {Eleocharis dulcis Burm.f.) Trin ex Hensch.), Cd bic (Leersia hexandra Sw.), Cd chi {Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.), Mudi da hiing (Melastoma affine D Don), Diia gai {Pandanus kaida Kurz) Ben canh cung cd vai loai cay gd nhu Tram {Melaleuca cajuputi Powell^, Tram se {Syzygium cinereum (Kurz) Chantaran & J.Pam.; + Ddng Bdng: ciing gin gidng nhu ddng Dung, day la thuy vuc ngap nude chii yeu vao miia mua vdi ngap khoang 10-50cm, pH dao ddng tir 3-6 nen phin loai thuc vat tuong doi thip Ddng cd bang gap nhieu d cac xa My Quy Tay, My Thanh Tay, My Binh vdi dien tich len den C) thiiy vuc Tap chi KHOA HOC OHSP TPHCM ngoai Bang {Lepironia articulata (Retz.) Domin) la loai uu thi gin nhu tuyet doi Ngoai ra, ta cung gap mdt so loai khac nhu Nang nggt {Eleocharis dulcis (Burm.f.) Trin ex Hensch.), Cd dng {Panicum repens L.), Dung {Scleria poiformis Retz.) + Rudng Liia: day la mdi trudng cam thiiy sudt giai doan sinh trudng va lam ddng ciia liia nen cac loai cd dai phat trien, gdp phan dang ke vao sd lugng loai thuc vat cho viing dat ngap S F nuoc d day Hau het cac rudng liia chi lam hai vu Ddng xuan va He thu cdn lai la bd hoang anh hudng bdi lii Do ngap nude tiiy thudc vao thdi ki sinh trudng ciia Liia, dao ddng tir 5-30 cm, pH gan trung tinh dugc thay nude thudng xuyen Trong miia gieo trdng thi ngoai Liia {Oryza sativa L.) cdn cd Cd Idng vuc {Echinochloa colona (L.) Link), Cd dudi phung {Leptochloa chinensis (L.) Nees), Cd chao {Cyperus difformis L.), Cd chi {Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.), NhT can vang {Utricularia aurea Lour.) Khi Liia dugc gat xong, dit dugc bd hoang mdt thdi gian dl chuin bi cho vu gieo trdng mdi thi d day lai xuit hien them nhilu loai khac nhu Rau deu {Alternanthera sessilis (L.) R.Br, ex DC), Rau muong {Ludwigia octovalvis (Jacq.) P.H Raven), Cd ding tan {Fuirena umbellata Rottb.), U du {Cyperus elatus L.) Ngoai ra, cdn cd su hien dien cua La he (Blyxa aubertii Rich.) la loai thuy sinh gin liin vdi dit ngap nude va chi phat triln manh vao mua nude ndi 3.3.3 Phdn bd theo pH - Voi pH < 5: mdi trudng phan bd chii yeu d ven cac kenh mdi dao va Phgm Vdn Ngpt vd tgk ndi ddng noi dat phen dang hoat ddng, chi cd mdt sd loai cd kha nang chiu phen cao tdn tai, chu yeu la cac loai thudc hg Cdi (Cyperaceae) nhu Bang (Lepironia articulata (Retz.) Domin), Nang {Eleocharis ssp.) Dung {Scleria F poiformis Retz); va mdt sd loai khac nhu Say (Phragmites karka (Retz.) Trin ex Steud.), NhT can vang (Utricularia aurea Lour.) Tuy nhien, kha nang sinh trudng ciia chiing bi giam di rd ret Noi cd pH = cd loai Hoang dau an {Xyris indica L.) thich nghi va phat trien rat manh - Voi pH = 5-6,5: day la pH phd bien cua mdi trudng nude d huyen Diic Hue, gap d cac vimg dat phen tiem tang Cac loai gap phd bien thudc hg Cdi (Cyperaceae), hg Hda thao (Poaceae) Ngoai cdn cd Tram {Melaleuca cajuputi Powell), Trai nude {Commelina longifolia Lam.), NhT can vang {Utricularia aurea Lour.), Rang gac nai {Ceratopteris thalictroides (L.) Brongn), Dura gai {Pandanus kaida Kurz), Siing trang {Nymphaeapubescens Willd.) - Voi pH = 6,5-8: gap d cac viing dat phii sa nhilm phen nhu thuy vuc ven sdng, ven kenh; cac Lung Sen Siing; cac ao nudi ca va rudng liia 3.4 Thdo ludn Cd the ndi phan loai thuc vat dit ngap nude d huyen Diic Hue la rat da dang va phong phii (vdi 156 loai), nd gdp phan quan trgng viec hinh cac kieu tham thuc vat tieu bieu cho viing F y F -> F ^ > dat ngap nude d ddng bang sdng Cim Long, tham gia true tiep vao viec chdng bien ddi hau, nude bien dang, xir li F t t S f'v F ngudn nude d nhiem, chdng xdi Id, va 57 Sd 58 nam 2014 Tap chi KHOA HOC OHSP TPHCM -dac biet la dem lai nguon thu nhap dang kl cho ngudi dan dia phuong Vdi vai trd to ldn cua thuc vat dit ngap nude nhu vay, chiing ta can cd nhirng bien phap bao ve va sir dung hgp li ngudn tai nguyen bing each: lap khu vuc bao tdn cac loai thuc vat dit ngap nude kit hgp vdi bao tdn di tich lich sir, theo ddi sir xam nhap man muc nude bien dang va ddng thdi tang cudng cdng tac tuyen truyen, giao due cdng ddng, nang cao y thiic tu giac bao ve rimg, bao ve he sinh thai xung quanh dudi nhieu hinh thirc nhu thdng qua phat thanh, truyen hinh, intemet, sach bao, khuyen ndng, tap huin giao due ve cac gia tri va tam quan trgng cua he sinh thai dat ngap nude, ciing nhu cac ngudn lgi thu dugc tir he sinh thai nay, phd bien phap luat quan li bao ve rimg va mdi trudng Sir thay ddi giiia miia mua va mua khd cd anh hudng ldn den sir thay ddi phin loai thuc vat Sd loai thuc vat giam di rd ret nude miia lii, dac biet la cac loai Lac va loai cay than thao, cac nhdm dang sdng khac khdng cd bien ddng ldn Vao mua mua thi sd lugng loai phong phii hon, sir sdng dien manh me hon so vdi miia khd Miia mua ciing la miia hoa ket trai cua y F I F hau het cac loai thuc vat, ma phd bien nhat la cac loai thudc hg Hda thao (Poaceae) va hg Cdi (Cyperaceae) Trong sd cac loai thuc vat ghi nhan dugc d khu vuc nghien ciiu thi Mai duong {Mimosa pigra L.) va Luc binh {Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms^ la 58 hai loai dang quan tam nhit Day la hai loai thuc vat ngoai lai ma hien dugc xem la nguy hilm cho cac he sinh thai dit ngap nude huyen Dire Hue, Mai duong {Mimosa pigra L.) cd mat d hau hit cac xa dudi dang quan the nhd, vay cin sdm cd bien phap phdng trir giai doan hien trudc chiing bung phat manh nhu nhiing noi khac; cdn loai Luc binh {Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms) thi hien hien d tit ca cac ddng sdng, kenh rach, chiing gay trd ngai vl giao thdng dudng thuy va ngan chan ddng chay Ket luan Da ghi nhan dugc phan loai thuc vat dit ngap nude d huyen Dire Hue, tinh Long An cd 155 loai, thudc 119 chi, 66 hg cua nganh thuc vat bac cao co mach la nganh Duong xi (Polypodiophyta) va Nggc lan (Magnoliophyta) Gia tri sir dung cua thuc vat dugc chia lam nhdm chinh la: nhdm cay lam thudc, nhdm cay lam rau, nhdm cay cho ciii va lay gd, nhdm cay gia dung, nhdm cay lam canh, nhdm cay cho qua, nhdm cay cho chan nudi va nhdm cay lam phan xanh Da xac dinh dugc loai thuc vat co gia tri bao tdn theo thang danh gia cua Sach dd Viet Nam (2007) la Lua trdi {Oryza rufipogon Griff.) va Ca na {Elaeocarpus hygrophilus Kurz) Su phan bo cua thuc vat d khu vuc F ^ nghien ciiu chiu anh hudng bdi yeu to chinh la: theo miia, theo loai thiiy vuc va theo pH nude Tap chi KHOA HOC OHSP TPHCM Phgm Van Ngpt vd tgk TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Bg Khoa hgc va Cdng nghe, Vien Khoa hoc va Cdng nghe Viet Nam (2007), Sdch Viet Nam, Phdn II: Thuc vdt, Nxb Khoa hoc tu nhien va Cdng nghe Vo Van Chi (2012), Tir diin cdy thudc Viet Nam, tap 1, 2, Nxb Y hoc Pham Hoang Hg (1999-2003), Cdy cd Viet Nam, tap 1, 2, 3, Nxb Tre Do Tat Lgi (2004), Nhimg cdy thudc vd vi thudc Viet Nam, Nxb Y hgc Trin Dinh Ly (1995), 1900 lodi cdy cd ich, Nxb Thi gidi Nguyen NghTa Thin (1997), Cdm nang nghien cim da dgng sinh vdt, Nxb Ndng nghiep Nguyen NghTa Thin (2008), Da dgng sinh hoc vudn qudc gia Hodng Lien, Nxb Ndng nghiep Brummitt, R K (1992), Vascular plant families and genera Royal Botanic Gardens -Kew PHU LUC Danh luc thuc vat huyen Dire Hue, tinh Long An TEN KHOA HOC I POLYPODIOPHYTA AZOLLACEAE Azolla caroliana Willd BLECHNACEAE Stenochlaena palustris (Burm Bedd MARSILEACEAE Mars ilea quadrifolia L PARKERIACEAE Ceratopteris siliquosa (L.) Copel PTERIDACEAE Acrostichum aureum L TEN VIET NAM NGANH DlTONG XI HO BEO DAU Beo dau STT f.) SALVINIACEAE Salvinia cucullata Roxb Salvinia natans All SCHIZEACEAE Lygodium scandens (L.) Sw THELYPTERIDACEAE Cyclosorus interruptus (Willd.) H Ito II MAGNOLIOPHYTA MAGNOLIOPSIDA Choai HO RAU BOf Rau bg HO GAT NAI Rang gat nai HO DiroNG x i Rang dai HO BEO TAI CHUOT Beo tai chuot Beo ong HO BONG BONG Bong bong leo THir HO RANG Dl/C Rang chu quan gian doan NGANH NGOC LAN LOfP NGOC LAN DANG S6NG CONG DUNG C PX,T DL R, T C T C T B T,GD C C PX,T PX,T DL T C T 59 Tap chi KHOA HOC OHSP TPHCM AIZOACEAE 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 Glinus oppositifolius (L.) DC 10 AMARANTHACEAE Achyranthes aspera L Alternanthera sessilis (L.) DC IL ANNACARDIACEAE Gluta velutina Blume 12 ANNONACEAE Annona glabra L 13 APIACEAE Centella asiatica (L.) Urb 14 APOCYNACEAE Allamanda cathartica L Cerbera odollam Gaertn 15 AQUIFOLIACEAE Ilex cymosa Blume 16 ASLEPIADACEAE Tylophora sp 17 ASTERACEAE Ageratum conyzoides L Eclipta prostrata L Enydrafluctuans DC Sphaeranthus africanus L Synedrella nodiflora (L.) Gaertn Vernonia cinerea (L.) Less 18 BORAGINACEAE Heliotropium indicum L 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 60 HO RAU DANG DAT Rau dang dat HO RAU DEN Co suot Rau deu HO DIEU Son nuoc HONA Binh bat HO NGO Rau ma HO TRUC DAO Quynh anh Muop sat Biii tu tan HO THIEN LY T C C T R,T G CC G Q,T C R,T DL B LC T G CC DL HO cue f Ipomoea aquatica Forssk Ipomoea maxima Don ex Sweet Merremia hirta (L.) Merr Merremia tuberrosa (L.) Rendle Ceratophyllum demersum L 20 CLUSIACEAE Calophyllum inophyllum L 21 CONVOLVULACEAE Aniseia martinicensis { Jacq.) Choisy Bonamia semidigyna (Roxb.) Hallier C HO NIHTA R U O I Co hoi, CO cut Icm Co mirc Rau ngo Co chan vit Bo xit Bach dau ong HO VOI VOI Voi voi HO RONG DUOI CHO Kim ngu HO MANG CUT Miiu HO BIM BIM Bim nuac 19 CERATOPHYLLACEAE 27 Sd 58 nam 2014 C C C C C C T T R,T T CN,T T C T C T G LG, CC, T DL T Bo nam DL LC Rau muong Bim nho Bim long Bim cu C DL DL DL R,T LC,T LC,T LC,T Tap chi KHOA HOC OHSP TPHCM Phgm Vdn Ngpt vd tgk 35 22 CUCURBITACEAE HO BAU BI Gymnopetalum cochinchinensis Ciit qua (Lour.) Kurz 23 ELAEOCARPACEAE HO COM DL T 36 Elaeocarpus hygrophilus Kurz Ca na G Q, CC, T, LG 24 EUPHORBIACEAE Antidesma ghaesembilla Gaertn Glochidion littorale Blume Euphorbia hirta L Euphorbia thymifolia L Phyllanthus amanis Schumach & Thonn Phyllanthus reticulatus Poir Phyllanthus urinaria L 25 FABACEAE Canavalia cathartica Thouars Cassia alata L Centrosemapubescens Benth Mimosa invisa Colla Mimosa pigra L Mimosa pudica L Neptunia oleracea Lour Sesbania cannabina (Retz.) Pers Vigna adenantha (G Mey) Marechal, Mascherpa & Stanier 26 LAMIACEAE Hyptis rhomboidea M Martens & Galeotti 27 LECYTHIDACEAE Barringtonia acutangula (L.) Gaertn 28 LYTHRACEAE Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers Rotala hexandra Wall, ex Koehne 29 MALVACEAE Thespesia populnea (L.) Sol ex Correa Urena lobata L 30 MELASTOMATACEAE Melastoma affine D.Don 31 MORACEAE Ficus benjamina L HO THAU D A U Choi moi Cay miii Co sua la Ion Co sua la nho G B C C T T T T Diep chau dang C T Phen den Chode HO DAU Dau CO bien Muong trau Dau buoTU Trinh nu moc Mai duong Trinh nu Rau nhiit Dien dien hoa vang B C T T DL B DL C C C C B T T C T R,T R,T Dau hoa tuyen DL LC,T C T G LC, CC, T G C LC, CC, T Tra lam vo G CC,T Ke hoa dao HO MUA Muoi da hiing HO DAU TAM Xanh, Si B T B T G LC, CC, T 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 HO HOA MOI /E Ion dau HO LOC VlTNG Loc virng HOTU^VI Bang lang nude Luan thao HO BONG 61 Sd 58 ndm 2014 Tap chi KHOA HOC OHSP TPHCM 61 62 63 Ficus hirta var roxhurghii (Miq.) Ngai King Gua Ficus microcarpa L.f HO DAU KHAU 32 MYRISTICACEAE Xang mau Horsfieldia irya (Gaertn.) Warb HO SIM 33 MYRTACEAE G T G LC, CC, T G R,CC 64 Melaleuca cajuputi Powell Tram G LG, TD, CC,T 65 Syzygium cinereum (Kurz) Chantaran &J.Pam Tram se G CC,Q 66 Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels Tram moc G 67 Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston Syzygium tinctorium (Gagnep.) Merr & L.M Perry 34 NELUMBONACEAE Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn 35 NYMPHAEACEAE Nymphaea pubescens Willd Nymphaea rubra Roxb ex Andrews 36 ONAGRACEAE Ludwigia adscendens (L.) H Hara Liidwidgia octovalvis (Jacq.) P.H.Raven 37 PASSIFLORACEAE Passiflora foetida L 38 PIPERACEAE Peperomiapellucida (L.) Kunth Zanonia indica L 39 PORTULCACEAE Portulaca oleracea L 40 POLYGONACEAE Polygonum barbatum L Polygonum tomentosum Willd 41 RUTACEAE Eiiodia lepta (Spreng.) Merr 42 RUBIACEAE Gardenia jasminoides J Ellis Morindapersicifolia Buch.-Ham Ly G LG, CC, Q,T CC,Q,T Tram nhuom G CC C R,T C C R,T R,T C T C T DL R,T C DL R,T T C R,T C C T T G T G G T T C R,T 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 43 SCROPHULARIACEAE 83 62 Bacopa monnieri (L.) Pennell HO SEN Sen HO SUNG Sung trang Sung HO RAU MUONG Rau dua nuoc Rau muong diing HO LAC TIEN Nhan long HO HO TIEU Cang cua Thilt bat HO RAU SAM Sam HO RAU RAM Nghe rau Nghe HO CAM Ba chac HO CA PHE Danh danh Nhau nude HO HOA MOM CHO Rau ding Tap chi KHOA HOC OHSP TPHCM 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 Legazpia polygonoides (Benth.) T Yamaz Limnophila aromatica (Lam.) Merr Lindernia antipoda (L.) Alston Lindernia Crustacea {L.) F Muell Lindernia viscosa (Hornem.) Merr Scoparia dulcis L 44 SOLANACEAE Physalis angulata L 45 SONNERATIACEAE Sonneratia casaeolaris (L.) Engl 46 UTRICULARIACEAE Utricularia aurea Lour 47 VERBENACEAE Gmelina asiatica L Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene Premna serratifolia L 48 VITACEAE Cayrada trifolia (L.) Domin LILIOPSIDA 49 ALISMATACEAE Sagittaria sagittifolia L 50 AMARYLLIDACEAE Crinum asiaticum L 51 ARACEAE Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott Dieffenbachia amoena Hort ex Gentil Lasia spinosa (L.) Thwaites Pistia stratiotes L 52 ARECACEAE Caryota mitis Lour Nypa fruticans Wurmb 53 COMMELINACEAE Commelina communis L Commelina longifolia Lam 54 CYPERACEAE Cvperus brevifolius (Rottb.) Hassk Cyperus compactus Retz Cyperus difformis L Cyperus digitatus Roxb Phgm Vdn Ngpt vd tgk To lien ray C Om Man dat Lu dang can LiJ dang trin Cam thao nam HOCA Thii lu canh HO BAN Ban chua HO NHlCAN NhT can vang C C C C C R,T T T T T C T G Q,T C T B C B T T R DL T C R, T C R, T C C C C R, T LC T PX,T B B LC,T GD, Q, T C C T T HO CO ROI N G I T A Tu hu Day luc Cach HO NHO Day vac LOfPHANH HO TRACH TA Rau mac HO LAN HUE Chuoi nuac HO MON Mon nuoc Van nien Choc gai Beo cai HO CAU DITA Dung dinh Dira nuac HO RAU TRAI Trai thudng Trai nude HO LAC U du than ngan Lac ba dao Co chao Coi ban tay C C C C T 63 Tap chi KHOA HOC OHSP TPHCM 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 64 Udu Cyperus elatus L Cii com Cyperus haspan L Cii ran (Lac ran) Cyperus iria L Lac nude Cyperus maloccensis Lam Coi bong Cyperuspilosus Vahl Lac voi dep Cyperusplatystylis R Br Cyperus puicherrimus Willd ex Lac dep Kunth Eleocliaris dulcis (Burm.f.) Trin ex Nang ngot Hensch Nang ni Eleocliaris ochrostachys Steud Co chac Fimbristylis miliacea (L.) Vahl Co dang tan Fuirena umbellata Rottb Co bang Lepironia articulata (Retz.) Domin Hoang thao mui Scirpus mucronatus L Dung Scleria poiformis Retz Cuong ria Scleria ciliaris Nees 55 DIOSCOREACEAE HO KHOAI Khoai rang Dioscorea glabra Roxb 56 FLAGELLARIACEAE HO MAY NlJOfC Flagellaria indica L May nude 57 H E L I C O N I A C E A E HO MO KET Heliconiapsittacorum L.f Mo ket 58 H Y D R O C H A R I T A C E A E HO THUY THAO Blyxa aubertii Rich La he Hydrilla verticillata (L.f) Royle Rong duoi chon 59 LEMNACEAE HO BEO CAM Lemna minor L Beo cam nho 60 L I M N O C H A R I T A C E A E HO NE THAO Limnocharis flava (L.) Buchenau Keo neo 61 P A N D A N A C E A E HO DITA DAI Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb Diia thom Pandanus kaida Kurz Dua gai Pandanus tectorius Parkinson ex Z Dira tro cultivar weitchii Hort 62 PHILYDRACEAE HO DUOI LlTON Philydrum lanuginosum Banks & Sol Dua bep Ex Gaertn 63 POACEAE HO HOA THAO Brachiaria mutica fForssk.) Stapf Co long Coix aquatica Roxb Conga Sd 58 ndm 2014 C C C T T c c c c GD,T c CN,T c c c c c c c T T GD T GD DL T DL T C LC C C R R C PX C R B B T T B LC C T C C CN T Tap chi KHOA HOC OHSP TPHCM 139 Phgm Vdn Ngpt vd tgk Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers Echinochloa colona fL.) Link Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P Beauv Hemarthria longiflora (Hook.f) A Camus Hymenachne amplexicaulis (Rudge) Nees Leersia hexandra Sw Leptochloa chinensis (L.) Nees Oryza rufipogon Griff Panicum repens L Paspalum commersonii Larri Paspalum conjugatum P.J Bergius Phragmites karka (Retz.) Trin ex Steud 64 PONTEDERIACEAE HO LUC BINH 151 Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms Luc binh C 152 153 Monochoria hastata (L.) Solms Monochoria vaginalis (Burm.f.) Presl 65 XYRIDACEAE Xyris indica L 66 ZINGIBERACEAE Catimbium latilabre (Ridl.) Holttum Rau mac thon Rau mac bao HO HOANG DAU Hoang dau an HOGITNG Re C C PX R,T, GD PX, R, T PX, R, T c T 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 154 155 Ghi chii: Dang song: Cong dung: C:Cd LC: Canh CC: Cho cui PX: Phan xanh Co chi Co long vuc can Co gao C C C Co bap C Co mom ma C Co bac Co duoi phung Lua trai Co ong San trimg San cap C C C C C C Say C B: Bui G: Go GD: Gia dung T: Thudc R: Lam rau Q: Lay qua CN: Thuc an chan nudi CN,T CN, T T T Q,CN CN, T T B DL: Day leo LG: Lay gd (Ngay Tda soan ntian dwac bai: 03-12-2013; ngaypiian bien danh gia: 06-5-2014; ngiiychip ntian dang: 16-5-2014) 65 ... phin loai thuc vat Sd loai thuc vat giam di rd ret nude miia lii, dac biet la cac loai Lac va loai cay than thao, cac nhdm dang sdng khac khdng cd bien ddng ldn Vao mua mua thi sd lugng loai. .. ca va rudng liia 3.4 Thdo ludn Cd the ndi phan loai thuc vat dit ngap nude d huyen Diic Hue la rat da dang va phong phii (vdi 156 loai) , nd gdp phan quan trgng viec hinh cac kieu tham thuc vat. .. re nim dit Vao miia khd, sd lugng va so loai thuc vat giam di dang kl, nhit la cac loai ua im Cac thuc vat thiiy sinh chim hoac ndi cd dien tich thu hep lai chi cdn cac sdng, rach va cac bung,