Ngoại giao đa phương trong chính sách châu Á – Thái Bình Dương của Mỹ từ sau Chiến tranh Lạnh

BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO BỘ NGOẠI GIAO HỌC VIỆN NGOẠI GIAO HOÀNG THỊ THANH NGA NGOẠI GIAO ĐA PHƯƠNG TRONG CHÍNH SÁCH CHÂU Á – THÁI BÌNH DƯƠNG CỦA MỸ TỪ SAU CHIẾN TRANH LẠNH LUẬN ÁN TIẾN SĨ CHUYÊN NGÀNH QUAN HỆ QUỐC TẾ MÃ SỐ: 62 31 02 06 Hà Nội - 2017 BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO BỘ NGOẠI GIAO HỌC VIỆN NGOẠI GIAO HOÀNG THỊ THANH NGA NGOẠI GIAO ĐA PHƯƠNG TRONG CHÍNH SÁCH CHÂU Á – THÁI BÌNH DƯƠNG CỦA MỸ TỪ SAU CHIẾN TRANH LẠNH Chuyên ngành: Quan hệ Quốc tế Mã số: 62 31 02 06 LUẬN ÁN TIẾN SĨ NGƯỜI HƯỚNG DẪN KHOA HỌC GS TS Nguyễn Thái Yên Hương Hà Nội - 2017 LỜI CAM ĐOAN Tôi cam đoan luận án “Ngoại giao đa phương sách châu Á – Thái Bình Dương Mỹ từ sau Chiến tranh Lạnh” cơng trình nghiên cứu Các nội dung nghiên cứu kết trình bày luận án trung thực chưa công bố Hà Nội, ngày tháng 12 năm 2017 Tác giả luận án Hoàng Thị Thanh Nga LỜI CẢM ƠN Trước hết, tơi xin tỏ lòng biết ơn sâu sắc đến Giáo sư, Tiến sĩ Nguyễn Thái Yên Hương, người ln động viên tận tình hướng dẫn phát triển ý tưởng, triển khai nghiên cứu, xây dựng hồn thiện Luận án Tơi xin cảm ơn Học viện Ngoại giao, Khoa Sau Đại học, đặc biệt TS Đỗ Thị Thanh Bình ThS Hà Thị Huyền Trang ln nhiệt tình hỗ trợ tơi suốt q trình học tập, hồn thành môn học, xây dựng chuyên đề Luận án Tôi xin trân trọng cảm ơn đồng nghiệp Vụ Châu Mỹ, Vụ Các Tổ chức Quốc tế, Bộ Ngoại giao ln hợp tác tích cực, tạo điều kiện để tơi hồn thành tốt nhiệm vụ chun mơn hồn thành Luận án Tiến sĩ Tơi biết ơn thảo luận với đồng nghiệp Bộ Ngoại giao sách đối ngoại Mỹ, quan hệ Việt – Mỹ ngoại giao đa phương Trên hết, lòng biết ơn sâu sắc tơi xin dành cho người thân gia đình, người dù hồn cảnh ln bên tơi sẵn lòng điểm tựa cho tơi thời điểm khó khăn Tác giả Luận án Hoàng Thị Thanh Nga MỤC LỤC MỞ ĐẦU CHƯƠNG - NGOẠI GIAO ĐA PHƯƠNG TRONG CHÍNH SÁCH ĐỐI NGOẠI CỦA MỸ 16 1.1 KHÁI QUÁT VỀ NGOẠI GIAO ĐA PHƯƠNG 16 1.1.1 Sự hình thành phát triển ngoại giao đa phương 16 1.1.2 Cách nhìn nhận chủ nghĩa thực ngoại giao đa phương 19 1.1.3 Một số cách tiếp cận khác ngoại giao đa phương 24 1.2 THỰC TIỄN TRIỂN KHAI NGOẠI GIAO ĐA PHƯƠNG CỦA MỸ TRONG LỊCH SỬ 29 1.2.1 Giai đoạn trước năm 1945 29 1.2.2 Giai đoạn từ năm 1945 - 1991 32 1.2.2.1 Mỹ thể chế đa phương toàn cầu 32 1.2.2.2 Mỹ số chế đa phương Bắc Đại Tây Dương 39 1.2.2.3 Mỹ số chế đa phương Châu Á-Thái Bình Dương 44 1.3 NHỮNG NHÂN TỐ TÁC ĐỘNG ĐẾN NGOẠI GIAO ĐA PHƯƠNG CỦA MỸ SAU CHIẾN TRANH LẠNH 47 1.3.1 Cấu trúc hệ thống quốc tế 47 1.3.2 Sự gia tăng thách thức toàn cầu 50 1.3.2.1 Chủ nghĩa khủng bố, cực đoan 50 1.3.2.2 Nguy phổ biến vũ khí hủy diệt hàng loạt 53 1.3.2.3 Tội phạm xuyên quốc gia, biến đổi khí hậu 54 TIỂU KẾT 55 CHƯƠNG - THỰC TIỄN TRIỂN KHAI NGOẠI GIAO ĐA PHƯƠNG TRONG CHÍNH SÁCH CỦA MỸ VỚI CHÂU Á – THÁI BÌNH DƯƠNG SAU CHIẾN TRANH LẠNH 57 2.1 CHÍNH SÁCH CỦA MỸ VỚI CHÂU Á – THÁI BÌNH DƯƠNG SAU CHIẾN TRANH LẠNH 57 2.1.1 Vị trí Châu Á – Thái Bình Dương tính tốn chiến lược Mỹ 58 2.1.1.1 Lợi ích kinh tế 58 2.1.1.2 Lợi ích an ninh, chiến lược 61 2.1.1.3 Sự trỗi dậy Trung Quốc 63 2.1.2 Các ưu tiên sách Mỹ với châu Á – Thái Bình Dương – Vị trí chế hợp tác khu vực 65 2.1.2.1 Chính quyền George H.W Bush 67 2.1.2.2 Chính quyền Clinton 68 2.1.2.3 Chính quyền George W Bush 70 2.1.2.4 Chính quyền Obama 73 2.2 MỸ VỚI MỘT SỐ CƠ CHẾ ĐA PHƯƠNG Ở CHÂU Á – THÁI BÌNH DƯƠNG SAU CHIẾN TRANH LẠNH 76 2.2.1 Mỹ với chế hợp tác ASEAN chủ trì 77 2.2.1.1 Cơ chế hợp tác ASEAN - Mỹ 77 2.2.1.2 Mỹ với Diễn đàn khu vực ASEAN 84 2.2.1.3 Mỹ với Hội nghị Cấp cao Đông Á 88 2.2.2 Mỹ với số chế kinh tế khu vực 92 2.2.2.1 Mỹ với Diễn đàn hợp tác kinh tế châu Á – Thái Bình Dương 93 2.2.2.2 Mỹ với Hiệp định Đối tác xuyên Thái Bình Dương 97 2.3 KẾT QUẢ TRIỂN KHAI NGOẠI GIAO ĐA PHƯƠNG CỦA MỸ Ở CHÂU Á – THÁI BÌNH DƯƠNG 102 2.3.1 Củng cố vị trí số Mỹ khu vực toàn cầu 102 2.3.2 Thúc đẩy tăng trưởng, khôi phục kinh tế Mỹ 105 2.3.3 Hỗ trợ ứng phó với trỗi dậy Trung Quốc 109 2.3.4 Một số hạn chế triển khai ngoại giao đa phương Mỹ 112 TIỂU KẾT 114 CHƯƠNG - TRIỂN VỌNG NGOẠI GIAO ĐA PHƯƠNG CỦA MỸ Ở CHÂU Á – THÁI BÌNH DƯƠNG VÀ QUAN HỆ VIỆT – MỸ TẠI CÁC CƠ CHẾ KHU VỰC 117 3.1 MỘT SỐ NHÂN TỐ TÁC ĐỘNG ĐẾN VIỆC TRIỂN KHAI NGOẠI GIAO ĐA PHƯƠNG CỦA MỸ Ở CHÂU Á-THÁI BÌNH DƯƠNG TRONG TƯƠNG LAI 117 3.1.1 Xu hướng liên kết khu vực 118 3.1.2 Sức mạnh Mỹ mục tiêu sách khu vực Mỹ 120 3.2 CHIỀU HƯỚNG TRIỂN KHAI NGOẠI GIAO ĐA PHƯƠNG CỦA MỸ Ở KHU VỰC 124 3.2.1 Chiều hướng can dự Mỹ vào chế an ninh khu vực 127 3.2.2 Chiều hướng can dự Mỹ vào chế kinh tế 131 3.3 TRIỂN VỌNG HỢP TÁC VIỆT – MỸ TẠI CÁC CƠ CHẾ KHU VỰC 135 3.3.1 Tình hình hợp tác Việt – Mỹ số chế khu vực 135 3.3.2 Tiềm hợp tác Việt – Mỹ chế khu vực kiến nghị sách với Việt Nam 138 TIỂU KẾT 145 KẾT LUẬN 148 DANH MỤC CƠNG TRÌNH CỦA TÁC GIẢ 151 DANH MỤC TÀI LIỆU THAM KHẢO 152 DANH MỤC CÁC KÝ HIỆU, CHỮ VIẾT TẮT Từ viết tắt ADB Tiếng Anh Tiếng Việt Asian Development Bank Ngân hàng phát triển châu Á Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Ngân hàng Đầu tư Cơ sở hạ tầng châu Á Diễn đàn hợp tác kinh tế Châu Á – Thái Bình Dương ARF ASEAN Regional Forum Diễn đàn khu vực ASEAN ASEAN The Association of Southeast Asian Nations Hiệp hội quốc gia Đông Nam Á ASEM The Asia–Europe Meeting Hội nghị Á – Âu Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Viet Nam Nhóm Brazil, Nga, Ấn Độ, Trung Quốc, Nam Phi Nhóm Campuchia, Lào, Myanmar, Việt Nam Bộ quy tắc ứng xử biển Đông Tuyên bố bên liên quan cách ứng xử biển Đông AIIB APEC BRICS CLMV COC Code of Conduct DOC Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea EAS East Asia Summit Hội nghị Cấp cao Đông Á EU European Union Liên minh Châu Âu FAO GATT GDP Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade Gross Domestic Product Tổ chức Nông lương Liên hợp quốc Hiệp định chung Thuế quan Thương mại Tổng sản phẩm quốc nội IAEA IBRD International Atomic Energy Agency International Bank for Reconstruction and Development Cơ quan Nguyên tử Quốc tế Ngân hàng Tái thiết Phát triển Quốc tế ILO International Labour Organization Tổ chức Lao động Quốc tế IMF International Monetary Fund IMO ITU International Maritime Organization Internatioanl Telecommunication Union LHQ LMI NATO SEATO TPP TTIP UNDP UNEP UNESCO Tổ chức Hàng hải Quốc tế Liên minh Viễn thông Quốc tế Liên hợp quốc Lower Mekong Initiative MECOSUR Southern Common Market NAFTA Quỹ Tiền tệ Quốc tế Sáng kiến Hạ nguồn Mê Công Thị trường chung Nam Mỹ North America Free Trade Agreement North Atlantic Treaty Organization Southeast Asia Treaty Organization Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement Hiệp định Thương mại Tự Bắc Mỹ Tổ chức Hiệp ước Bắc Đại Tây Dương Tổ chức Hiệp ước Đông Nam Á Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership Agreement United Nations Development Programme United Nations Environment Programme United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization Hiệp định Đối tác Thương mại, Đầu tư Xuyên Đại Tây Dương Chương trình Phát triển Liên hợp quốc Chương trình Môi trường Liên hợp quốc Hiệp định Đối tác xuyên Thái Bình Dương Tổ chức Giáo dục, Khoa học Văn hóa Liên hợp quốc UNFPA United Nations Population Fund Quỹ Dân số Liên hợp quốc UNHCR United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees Cao ủy Liên hợp quốc Người tị nạn UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund Quỹ Nhi đồng Liên hợp quốc UNIDO United Nations Industrial Development Organization Tổ chức phát triển công nghiệp Liên hợp quốc UPU Universal Postal Union Liên minh Bưu quốc tế WB World Bank Ngân hàng Thế giới WEF World Economic Forum Diễn đàn Kinh tế Thế giới WFP World Food Programme Chương trình Lương thực Thế giới WHO World Health Organization Tổ chức Y tế Thế giới World Intellectual Property Organization World Meteorological Organization Tổ chức Sở hữu Trí tuệ Thế giới World Trade Organization Tổ chức Thương mại Thế giới WIPO WMO WTO Tổ chức Khí tượng Thế giới TBCN Tư Chủ nghĩa XHCN Xã hội Chủ nghĩa 162 120 Green, Michael J (2017), By More than Providence, Grand Strategy and American Power in the Asia-Pacific since 1783, Columbia University Press, New York 121 Guzzini, Stefano (2006), “From (alleged) unipolarity to the decline of multilateralism? 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TRIỂN KHAI NGOẠI GIAO ĐA PHƯƠNG TRONG CHÍNH SÁCH CỦA MỸ VỚI CHÂU Á – THÁI BÌNH DƯƠNG SAU CHIẾN TRANH LẠNH 57 2.1 CHÍNH SÁCH CỦA MỸ VỚI CHÂU Á – THÁI BÌNH DƯƠNG SAU CHIẾN TRANH LẠNH ... đa phương toàn cầu 32 1.2.2.2 Mỹ số chế đa phương Bắc Đại Tây Dương 39 1.2.2.3 Mỹ số chế đa phương Châu Á-Thái Bình Dương 44 1.3 NHỮNG NHÂN TỐ TÁC ĐỘNG ĐẾN NGOẠI GIAO ĐA PHƯƠNG CỦA MỸ SAU. .. thấy số nội dung sau: Thứ nhất, cơng trình nghiên cứu riêng ngoại giao đa phương, chủ nghĩa đa phương, thể chế đa phương ngoại giao đa phương Mỹ xuất nhiều vào giai đoạn sau Chiến tranh Lạnh chịu