III.5. Câu điều kiện (If sentence) Question 8: ______ my mother’s encouragement, I wouldn’t have made such a daring decision. A. Until B. In spite C. But for D. Providing (ĐH 2014) Question 22: “______ anyone ring while I’m away, please take a message.” A. May B. Would C. Will D. Should (cao đẳng 2014) Question 68: Take this route and you will get to the village. A. There is no doubt that this route will never lead you to the village. B. Although this route may lead you to the village, you cannot take it. C. Certainly, you will get to the village if you take this route. D. Unless you take this route, you will get to the village. CĐ 2012 Question 57: “Never be late for an interview, ______ you can’t get the job.” A. otherwise B. if not C. or so D. unless ĐH 2011 Question 58: ______ without animals and plants? A. What would life on earth be like B. How would life on earth be for C. What will life on earth be like D. How will life on earth be like ĐH 2011 Question 60: If it ______ for the heavy storm, the accident would not have happened. A. isn’t B. hadn’t been C. were D. weren’t ĐH 2011
Trang 1III.5 Câu điều kiện ("If" sentence)
Question 8: my mother’s encouragement, I wouldn’t have made such a daring decision
A Until B In spite C But for D Providing
(ĐH 2014)
Question 22: “ anyone ring while I’m away, please take a message.”
A May B Would C Will D Should
(cao đẳng 2014)
Question 68: Take this route and you will get to the village
A There is no doubt that this route will never lead you to the village
B Although this route may lead you to the village, you cannot take it
C Certainly, you will get to the village if you take this route
D Unless you take this route, you will get to the village
CĐ 2012
Question 57: “Never be late for an interview, you can’t get the job.”
A otherwise B if not C or so D unless ĐH 2011
Question 58: without animals and plants?
A What would life on earth be like B How would life on earth be for
C What will life on earth be like D How will life on earth be like ĐH 2011
Question 60: If it for the heavy storm, the accident would not have happened
A isn’t B hadn’t been C were D weren’t ĐH 2011
Question 29: If I had the map now, I a short-cut across the desert
A could have taken B take C can take D could take
77 It doesn’t make any difference if it rain because they will still go.
A The difference is their going in the rain. B Whether it rains or not, they will still go.
C But for the rain, they would have gone D So long as it doesn’t rain, they will go
Question 1. Phone me before ten; _ I’ll be too busy to talk to you
Question 2. _ the government fall, the stock market will crash
Question 14: She has to pass all her exams or _she would have no holiday.
A instead B else C therefore D though
Question 59: “Never be late for an interview, you can’t get the job.”
A Câu điều kiện loại I (the conditional sentence type I)
I’ll visit Ho Chi Minh city if I have time
We’ll pass the exam if we work hard
Trang 2Clause 1 (may/can + V) + if + Clause 2 ( the simple present )
→ để chỉ sự cho phép
Ví dụ: You can go home if you finish your test
Clause 1 (must/should + V) + if + Clause 2 ( the simple present )
→ để chỉ yêu cầu, đề nghị
Ví dụ: You must do exercises if you want to get good marks
4 If….not…= Unless
Ví dụ:
- I won’t visit you if I don’t have time
→ Unless I have time, I won’t visit you
- We’ll go camping if the weather is fine
→ Unless the weather is fine, we won’t go camping
- If you miss seeing the first part of the film, you can’t say you understand it
→ Unless you see the first part of the film, you can’t say you understand it
Chú ý: mệnh đề chứa “unless” không dùng dạng phủ định
B Câu điều kiện loại II (the conditional sentence type II)
If it were cold now, we wouldn’t switch on the fans
(but it’s hot and we have to switch on the fans)
I would fly if I were a bird
(but I am not a bird and I can’t fly)
Chú ý: Chúng ta dùng “were” cho tất cả các ngôi, không dùng “was”
3 Các biến thể cơ bản
Clause 1 (might/ could + V) + if + Clause 2 ( the simple past tense )
→ chỉ khả năng
Ví dụ: He might succeed if he tried
I could speak French well if I lived in France
C Câu điều kiện loại III (the conditional sentence type III)
b We would have got good marks if we had prepared our last lesson carefully
(but the fact that we didn’t prepare our last lesson carefully and we didn’t get good marks)
3 Các biến thể cơ bản
Clause 1 (could have + P2) + if + Clause 2 (had + P2)
→ chỉ sự chủ quan, sự cho phép
Ví dụ:
I could have won a prize if I had taken part in the competition last week
You could have gone to the cinema if you had finished your homework last night
Trang 3Clause 1 (might have + P2) + if + Clause (had + P2)
→ chỉ khả năng khách quan
Ví dụ: The last crop might have been better if it had rained much
D Câu điều kiện hỗn hợp II, III (the mixed conditional sentence type II and III)
1 Cấu trúc cơ bản
Clause 1 (would + V) + if + Clause 2 (had + P2)
2 Ví dụ:
If I had been born in town, I would like life there
(the fact that I wasn’t born in town, so I don’t like life there now)
If I followed your advice, I would have a job now
(the fact that I didn’t follow your advice, so I don’t have a job now)
3 But for + noun + điều kiện loại II, III
But for: nếu không có…
Ví dụ:
You help me everyday so I can finish my work
→ But for your daily help, I couldn’t finish my work
She encouraged him and he succeeded
→ But for her encouragement, he wouldn’t have succeeded
The teacher explained and we understood
→ But for the teacher’s explanation, we wouldn’t have understood
E Đảo ngữ của câu điều kiện
1 Điều kiện loại I
• Nếu trong câu có “should” ở mệnh đề if, thì đảo “should” lên đầu câu
If he should ring , I will tell him the news
→ Should he ring, I will tell him the news
• Nếu trong câu không có “should”, chúng ta phải mượn “should”
If he has free time, he’ll play tennis
→ Should he have free time, he’ll play tennis
If she comes early, we’ll start
→ Should she come early, we’ll start
2 Điệu kiện loại II
• Nếu trong câu có động từ “were”, thì đảo “were” lên đầu
If I were a bird, I would fly
→ Were I a bird, I would fly
They would answer me if they were here
→ Were they here, they would answer me
• Nếu trong câu không có động từ “were” thì mượn “were’ và dùng “ to V”
If I learnt Russian, I would read a Russian book
→ Were I to learn Russian, I would read a Russian book
If they lived in Australia now, they would go swimming
→ Were they to live in Australia now, they would go swimming
3 Điều kiện loại III
• Đảo trợ động từ của thì quá khứ hoàn thành
If it had rained yesterday, we would have stayed at home
→ Had it rained yesterday, we would have stayed at home
If he had trained hard, he would have won the match
→ Had he trained hard, he would have won the match
Chú ý: ở dạng phủ định, “not” được đặt sau chủ ngữ:
Trang 4Had it not been so late, we would have called you.
- Provided ( that) / providing ( that), On condition (that )( với điều kiện là) , As long as, so long as (miễn là, với điều kiện là), Suppose, supposing ( giả sử nh ), In case ( trong trờng hợp), Even if
( ngay cả khi, dù cho dùng để chỉ sự tơng phản hay nhấn mạnh), có thể dùng thay cho If
trong câu điều kiện
Ex1: Supposing it rains, what will you do ? Ex2: I’ll accept your invitation provided you go with me.
Ex3: Even if he goes to bed early, he always wakes up late
- Provided ( that) / providing ( that), On condition (that )( với điều kiện là) , As long as, so long as (miễn là, với điều kiện là), Suppose, supposing ( giả sử nh ), In case ( trong trờng hợp), Even if ( ngay cả khi, dù cho
dùng để chỉ sự tơng phản hay nhấn mạnh), có thể dùng thay cho If trong câu điều kiện
eg Supposing it rains, what will you do ?
I’ll accept your invitation provided you go with me.
Even if he goes to bed early, he always wakes up late
4 When ( khi):( khi hành động chắc chắn xảy ra hơn).
eg I’ll phone you when I go to bed tonight
5 As if and As though : C nh thể, nh là
* Chỉ hành động có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại:
S + V ( present) + As if/ As though + S + V ( present).
* Chỉ hành động hay sự kiện không có thật ở hiện tại:
S + V (present) As if/ As though + S + V (past).
eg He acts as though he were rich.
The girl dresses as if it were summer even in the winter.
* Chỉ hành động hay sự kiện không có thật ở quá khứ
S + V (past) + As if/ As though + S + V ( past perfect).
eg She looked as if she had seen a ghost.
6 But for ( nếu không vì, nếu không có)
eg But for the storm, we should have arrived earlier.
7 Without ( không có ): eg Without his books, he would know nothing.
8 Mệnh lệnh cách + and : Do that again and I’ll call a policeman.(= If you do )
9 Clauses after Wish, If only: (ao ớc, giá mà ) Sau Wish và If only thờng dùng một MĐ chỉ một điều ao
ớc, một điều không thật Có 3 MĐ sau Wish và If only:
a Future wish: S + wish + S + would/ could + V (bare inf.)
( If only)
eg I wish I would be an astronaut in the future.
If only I would take the trip with you next Sunday.
b Present wish: S + wish + S + V past subjunctive=simple past
( V2 ;be –were)
( If only )
eg I can’t swim I wish I could swim
Marry isn’t here I wish she were here =If only Marry were here.
c Past wish: S + wish + S + past perfect/ could have + PII
( If only)
Trang 5eg She wishes she had had enough money to buy the house.
( She hadn’t have enough money to buy the house).
If only I had met her yesterday.( I didn’t meet her).
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
1 Điều kiện có thể xảy ra ở tương lai Simple present
(hiện tại đơn) will/shall … + V1
2 Điều kiện không thể xảy ra ở hiện tại Simple past (Quá khứ đơn )
3 Điều kiện không thể xảy ra ở quá khứ Past perfect ( Quá khứ hoàn thành )
Note: 1 Unless = If … not ( nếu không, trừ phi)
Ex :Unless it rains, we will go to the movies = If it doesn’t rain, we will go to the movies
Unless they attended class regularly, they couldn’t understand the lesson = If they didn’t attend class
regularly, they couldn’t understand the lesson
2 As long as / provided / providing (that) : với điều kiện là
Ex: You can borrow my book as long as you use it carefully.
You can play providing (that) you don’t make so much noise.
3 Suppose, supposing: giả sử
Ex: Supposing you won a lot of money, what would you do?
1 In case: phòng khi, trong trường hợp
Ex: Take an umbrella with you in case it rains.
2 Omitting IF
– Ìf anyone should call, please take a message.-> Should anyone call, ….
– If I were you, I wouldn’t do that -> Were I you,…
– If I had known, I would have told you -> Had I known, …
b- Nam is sorry now that he didn’t accept the job
Trang 6II Vo … + O or S + WILL + Vo -> IF YOU + DON’T Vo … , S + WILL + Vo
-> UNLESS YOU + Vo … , S + WILL + Vo
1 Do your exercises or you will fail the exam
Trang 7III FACT IN THE PRESENT - > IF CLAUSE ( TYPE 2)
1 My brother doesn’t buy that car because he doesn’t have enough money
IV FACT IN THE PAST -> IF CLAUSE ( TYPE 3)
1 I didn’t watch T.V last night because I was busy
Trang 819 I regret that you didn’t give me a chance to tell the truth
21 He is sorry now that he didn’t invite Molly to his party
I wish
22 Daisy didn’t go swimming with me
I wish
Trang 9VI Put the verb in brackets into the correct form.
1 If the earth suddenly (stop) ………… spinning we all (fly) ………… off it.
2 If you (smoke) ……… in a non-smoking compartment the other passengers (object) …………
3 (your parents / not / be) ……… proud if they could see you now?
4 I’m broke, but I (have) ………… plenty of money now if I (not / spend) ………… so much yesterday.
5 If we (work) ………all right, we (finish) ………in time; but we have no intention of doing it
6 If we (have) ……… a submarine now, we (use) …………it to investigate the seabed
7 Were he ten years younger, he (take) ……… part in the voyage around the world
8 Should you come late, they (not let) ……… you in
9 He might get rid of his cough if he (not smoke) ………so much
10 If someone (give) ……….you a boat what you (do) ……… ?
11 Water (freeze) ……… if the temperature falls below zero
12 I (warn) ………… you if I had seen you last week
13 He always says hello if he (see) ………… you
14 What would you do if he (resign) ……… tomorrow?
15 I wouldn’t have been so upset if Judy (write) ……… to me earlier
16 Shout if you (see) ………… anything unusually
17 The engine starts if you (turn) ……… this key
18 If he weren’t so bad-temperature, his wife (not leave) ……….him so soon after the marriage
19 What (you / say) ……….if I offered you a job?
20 The children always (get) ………….frightened if they watch horror films
21 If it (not be) _ for you, I would be late
22 I can’t help feeling sorry for the hungry children If only there (be) peace in the world
23 Were I to become president, my first act (be) to help the poor
24 If he (listen) _ to his father’s advice, he would still be working here.
25 If she hadn’t stayed up late last night, she (not / be) tired now.
26 I feel as if my head (be) _ on fire now, doctor.
27 He always talks as though he (address) at a public meeting.
28 It was our fault to keep you waiting so long We (inform) _ you in advance.
29 Had I known her address, I (go) _ to visit her.
30 He looked frightened as if he (see) _ a ghost.
31 I wish I (see) her off at the airport yesterday.
32 Tom wishes he (have) _ enough money to buy a new car now.
33 Mary wishes she (become) _ an astronaut someday.
34 I wish I (have) a day off to visit his parents He hasn’t seen them for ages
35 He wishes he (not/buy) that old car.
VII Choose the best answer among A, B, C or D to complete each sentence
1 I would have visited you before if there _ quite a lot of people in your house.
A hadn't B hadn't been C wouldn't be D wasn't
2 If you had caught the bus, you _ late for work.
A wouldn't have been B would have been C wouldn’t be D would be
3 If I _, I would express my feelings.
A were asked B would ask C had been asked D asked
4 If _ as I told her, she would have succeeded.
A she has done B she had done C she does D she did
5 Will you be angry if I _ your pocket dictionary?
6 You made a mistake by telling her a lie It _ better if you _ to her.
A would have been / hadn't lied B would be / didn't lie
C will be / don't lie D would be / hadn't lied
7 John would be taking a great risk if he _ his money in that business.
A would invest B invested C had invested D invests
8 She wouldn't have given them all that money if we _ her to.
A wouldn’t advise B won't advise C hadn't advised D didn't advise
9 If the tree hadn't been so high, he _ it up to take his kite down.
Trang 10A could have climbed B climb C is climbing D climbed
10 If the wall weren't so high, he _ it up to take his ball down.
11 If I _ her phone number, I _ her last night
A had known / could have phoned B knew / would have phoned
12 If he the truth, the police wouldn’t arrest him.
13 If you press that button what _?
A would happen B would have happened C will happen D happen
14 She says if she _ that the traffic lights were red she _.
A had realized / would stop B realized / could have stopped
C has realized / stopped D had realized / would have stopped
15 I am very thin I think, if I _ smoking, I might get fat.
16 If I _ that yesterday, I _ them.
A had discovered / would inform B had discovered / would have informed
C had discovered / could inform D discovered / can inform
17 If you _ to the course regularly, they a certificate last year.
A go / gave B go / give C had gone / would have given D went / would give
18 I think he is not at home If he _ in, he the phone.
C were / would have answered D.had been / would have answered
19 If I in London now, I could visit British Museum.
20 If Columbus _ money from Queen Isabella, he _ across the Atlantic
A do not receive / could not sail B had not received / might not have sailed
C did not receive / might not have sailed D would not receive / might not sail
21 If you didn't wear shabby clothes, you _ more good-looking.
22 If your hair _grey now, what you ?
A went / would / do B goes / would /do C had gone / would/do D had gone / would have / done
23 If you be someone, who you ?
A could / would / have been B could / would / be C can / will / be D are able to / will / be
24 If I an Angel, I would try to make happy all the children.
25 John would be taking a great risk if he _ his money in that business.
A would invest B invested C had invested D invests
26 It if nobody had reminded them.
A would have be forgot B would have been forgot
C would have forget D would have been forget
27 The car if somebody takes it there.
A will be repaired B would be repaired C will been repaired D is repair
28 You to prison if you did that.
A would be send B would have been sent C would be sent D were sent
29 You would study Italian if it _ here.
A was teaching B were taught C would be taught D is taught
30 It _ if nobody reminded them
A was forgotten B would be forget C would be forgot D would forgot
31 The magazine _ by more people if it had better articles.
A would be reading B would read C would be read D been read
32 The joke would not be funny if it _ into French.
A were translated B is translated C was be translated D translated
33 A doctor _ if somebody falls ill.
A will be cold for B will be called for C will call for D would be call for
34 Would she go if she _?
A were invited B was be invited C have been invited D be invited
35 He _ the death penalty if he were found guilty.
Trang 11A would be given B would be gave C would given D were given
36 Who would have won the World War II if the nuclear bomb _ by the Nazus first.
A had be produced B had produced C had been produced D would be produced
37 The room if it is not empty.
A couldn’t be repainted B cannot be repainted C could be repainted D can be repainted
38 He _ the death penalty if he had been found guilty.
A would has given B would has been given C would have given D would have been given
39 The cars _ if we had not done such a huge advertising campaign.
A would not have been bought B would not have be bought
C would have been bought D would not had been bought
40 If I were a better conversationalist , _ to parties more often?
A I would be invited B I would have been invited
C would I be invited D would I have been invited
41.Kevin never seems to get tired I wish I _ his energy
42 If I him yesterday, I would have to come back tomorrow
43 If she the truth, I think she’d never want to see you again
44 I would never have believed it with my own eyes
A if I didn’t see B if I hadn’t seen C if I haven’t seen D if I wouldn’t have seen
45 I wish I had remembered your number Otherwise, I you
A phoned B would phone C would have phoned D will have phone
46 Such typing mistakes _ avoided if you had been more careful
A can have been C would be C might have been D should be
47 Carol was late for work this morning But for the traffic jam, she half an hour earlier
A could come B could have come C had come D can have come
48 Don’t worry home late tonight
A when I’ll be B if I’ll be C unless I’ll be D if I’m
49 I one of my special desserts for dinner, if you like
50 When you Bob, tell him he still owes me some money
51 I wish I him, but I don’t
52 She feels lonely because she doesn’t know many people there She wishes she more people
53 If I the flu, I would have joined you for the trip
54 “I’m not staying any longer.” “I wish you .”
55 But for the hold-up, we here in time
A would have been B could be C had been D must have been
56 I miss my old motorbike, I wish I it I had it for years
A I didn’t sell B hadn’t sold C had sold D haven’t sold
57 Jill regrets having bought that second-hand laptop She wishes she
A didn’t buy it B hasn’t bought it C wouldn’t have bought it D hadn’t bought it
58 I’m sorry I missed seeing my old friend at your party I wish I
A had been there B was there C could have been there D should have been there
59 I lost your phone number Otherwise, I you much earlier
A will contact B would have contactedC would contact D had contacted
60 “I’m sorry you failed the test.” “Frankly, I wish I harder.”
A could study B had studied C have studied D would have studied
61 “Are we lost?” “I’m afraid we are If only we a map with us.”
A brought B would have brought C could have brought D had brought
62 If the lecture so quickly, we’d have understood his speech
A didn’t speak B hadn’t spoken C wouldn’t have spoken D shouldn’t have spoken
63 If you put salt in water, it
Trang 12A dissolves B would dissolve C could dissolve D dissolved
64 , please paint the windows before you leave
A If you’ll have enough time B If you have enough timeC Unless you have enough time D Unless you can have enough time
65 Jeff wouldn’t have bumped into the waitress if he in such a hurry.
A weren’t B hasn’t been C hadn’t been D wouldn’t have been
66 If you Mary by chance, please give her my phone number
67 My parents lent me the money Otherwise, I this shop
A hadn’t opened B couldn’t open C weren’t be able to open D wouldn’t have opened
68 I think she would forgive you if you to speak to her
69 I wouldn’t have to take this course if my English better
70 If we hadn’t got lost, we arrived much earlier
VIII Choose the underlined part in each sentence (A, B, C or D) that needs correcting.
1.What do you do if you won the first prize of the lottery?
Trang 13* Put the verb into the correct tense:
1 If I (continue) with my diet, I (lose) five kilos by the end of the month
2 If I have enough apples, I (bake) an apple pie this afternoon
3 If I had enough apples, I (bake) an apple pie this afternoon
4 I will fix your bicycle if I (have) a screwdriver of the proper size
5 If I (have) enough money, I would have gone with you
6 If the weather had been nice yesterday, we (go) to the zoo
7 It’s too bad Helen isn’t here If she (be) here, she (know) what to do
8 If I find a good book, I (give) it to you
9 He will get a price if he (work) hard
10.If Jack called, I (speak) to him
11.You wouldn't have any accident if you (drive) carefully
12.If you turn off the light, we (be) in dark
13.If Lan (not study) hard, she will fail the exam
14.You (be) able to go on a vacation if you have enough money
15.If he fails the test, he ……… (be furnished) by his parents
Trang 1540 If I didn’t win the lottery, I am not rich now.
-Conditional in reported speech
Khi viết câu điều kiện dưới dạng câu tường thuật thì:
Type 1 lùi 1 thì
Type 2 và Type 3 không đổi
Ex1: “If I go out with Tom, he won’t go alone” Mary said
> Mary said (that) if she went out with Tom, she wouldn’t go alone.
Ex2: “What would you do if you went abroad?” Nam asked Trung
> Nam asked Trung what he would do if he went abroad?
Trang 16
-Bài tập1: Chia động từ trong ngoặc theo đúng dạng
1 Bring him another if he (not/like) this one
2 She (be) angry if she (hear) this tomorrow
3 Unless you are more careful, you (have) an accident
4 If you (like), I (get) you a job in this company
5 If grandmother (be) 5 years younger, she (play) some games
6 If he sun (stop) shinning, there (be) no light on earth
7 If I (be) a millionaire, I (live) on Mars
Bài tập 2: Viết lại câu theo gợi ý
1 I didn’t eat lunch, I feel hungry now
Bài tập 3: Sửa các câu sai sau:
1 Should anyone rang, could you take a message?
2 Were the customers not complained, nothing would have been done
3 Was I a bird, I would fly
4 Unless you don’t have a good command of English, you won't be able to work for this company
5 Were they live in Australia now, they would go swimming
Bài 1:
1 Bring him another if he doesn’t like this one
2 She will be angry if she hears this tomorrow
3 Unless you are more careful, you will have an accident
4 If you like, I will get you a job in this company
5 If grandmother were 5 years younger, she would play some games
6 If the sun stopped shinning, there would be no light on earth
7 If I were a millionaire, I would live on Mars
Bài 2:
1 I didn’t eat lunch, I feel hungry now
–> If I had eaten lunch, I wouldn’t feel hungry now
2 If it hadn’t rained, we would have a better crop
–> But for rain, we would have a better crop
3 If you want my advice, I wouldn’t buy it
–> If I were you, I wouldn’t buy it
Trang 174 I only come if they invite me.
–> Unless they invite me, I won’t come
5 He didn’t revise all his lessons, he failed the exam
–> If he had revised all his lessons, he wouldn’t have failed the exam
6 His sister sent her money, so he continued to study
–> But for his sister’s money, he wouldn’t have continued to study
7 The park is over there, only 5 minutes’ walk
–> If you walk to the park, it will take you 5 minutes
8 In case it rains, we’ll stay at home
–> If it rains, we’ll stay at home
Bài 3:
1 Rang –> ring
2 Were –> had
3 Was –> were
4 You don’t have –> you have
5 Were they live –> were they to live
PART: 10 CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
( Câu điều kiện)
A Kinds of conditional sentences:
I Type 1: (Real conditional sentences).
a Khẳng định Ex1: If I have time, I will visit you
If + S1 + V1 s/ es , S2 + will / shall (not) + V0
b Phủ định:
Ex2: If you don’t study, you won’t pass your exam
If + S1 + don’t / doesn’t + V1 , S2 + will / shall (not) + V0
II Type 2: (Present unreal conditional sentences ).
1 Tobe: ( were) sử dụng cho tất cả các ngôi( I, you, we, they, he, she, it)
Ex1: If today were Saturday , I could go to the beach
would
If + S1 + were , S2 + should + V0
(not) could
might (not)
Ex2: If I had time , I would write you a letter.
Ex3: If she didn’t speak so quickly , I could understand her
would
Trang 18If + S1 + V2 ed , S2 + should + V0
didn’t + V1 could
might (not)
III Type 3: (Past unreal conditional sentences ).
Ex1: If I hadn’t lost my way, I would have arrived sooner.
- Trong cõu đk, ta cú thể thay IF not = Unless ( nếu khụng, trừ phi)
Ex1: If you don’t study hard, you will fail in the exam.
= Unless you study hard, you will fail in the exam.
Ex2: If she doesn’t water these trees, they will die
= Unless she water these trees, they will die.
- Khi đảo ngược ( inversion) mệnh đề IF thỡ ta bỏ IF đi trong cõu đk loại 2, 3 và đưa WERE, DID, HAD ra đầu cõu.
Ex1: If I were younger, I would play tennis.
= Were I younger,I would play tennis.
Ex2: If he worked so hard, he would succeed.
= Did he work so hard, he would succeed.
Ex3: If he had studied hard, he would have passed his exam.
= Had he studied hard, he would have passed his exam.
- Provided ( that) / providing ( that), On condition (that )( với điều kiện là) , As long as, so long as (miễn là, với điều kiện là), Suppose, supposing ( giả sử nh ), In case ( trong trờng hợp), Even if
( ngay cả khi, dù cho dùng để chỉ sự tơng phản hay nhấn mạnh), có thể dùng thay cho If
trong câu điều kiện
Ex1: Supposing it rains, what will you do ? Ex2: I’ll accept your invitation provided you go with me.
Ex3: Even if he goes to bed early, he always wakes up late
Conditional sentences: type I
1 If I see him I (give) _ him a lift
Trang 192 The table will collapse if you (stand) _on it.
3 If he (eat) _ all that he will be ill
4 If I find your passport I (telephone) _ you at once
5 The police (arrest) him if they catch him
6 If he (read) in bad light he will ruin his eyes
7 Someone (steal) your car if you leave it unlocked
8 If he (wash) _ my car I'll give him Ј10
9 If you (not go) _ away I'll send for the police
10 I'll be very angry if he (make) any more mistakes
11 If he (be) _late we'll go without him
12 She will be absolutely furious if she (hear) _ about this
13 If you put on the kettle I (make) the tea
14 If you give my dog a bone he (bury) it at once
15 If we leave the car here it (not be) _in anybody's way
16 He'll be late for the train if he (not start) _ at once
17 If you come late they (not let) you in
18 If he (go) _on telling lies nobody will believe a word he says
19 Unless he (sell) _ more he won't get much commission
20 We'll have to move upstairs if the river (rise) any higher
21 If the house (burn) down we can claim compensation
22 Unless you are more careful you (have) an accident
23 If you will kindly sit down, I (make) enquiries for you
24 She won't open the door unless she (know) who it is
Conditional sentences: type II
1 If I (know) _his address I'd give it to you
2 He (look) _ a lot better if he shaved more often
3 If you (play) for lower stakes you wouldn't lose so much
4 If he worked more slowly he (not make) _so many mistakes
5 I shouldn't drink that wine if I (be) _you
6 More tourists would come to this country if it (have) _ a better climate
7 I (buy) shares in that company if I had some money
8 If he (clean) _his windscreen he'd be able to see where he was going
9 If you (not belong) _to a union you couldn't get a job
10 If I (win) a big prize in a lottery I'd give up my job
11 I could tell you what this means if I (know) _Greek
12 If everybody (give) _Ј1 we would have enough
13 He might get fat if he (stop) smoking
14 If he knew that it was dangerous he (not come) _
15 I (be) ruined if I bought her everything she asked for
16 I could get a job easily if I (have) _ a degree
17 If she (do) _ her hair differently she might look quite nice
18 If we had more rain our crops (grow) _ faster
19 I (keep) _a horse if I could afford it '
20 I'd go and see him more often if he (live) _on a bus route
21 If you (paint) the walls white the room would be much brighter
Conditional sentences: type III
1 If I had known that you were in hospital I (visit) you
Trang 202 If you (arrive) _ten minutes earlier you would have got a seat.
3 You would have seen my garden at its best if you (be) here last week
4 If he had slipped he (fall) _ 500 metres
5 If I (had) a map I would have been all right
6 If I (know) that you were coming I'd have baked a cake
7 If you had left that wasp alone it (not sting) you
8 If you (not sneeze) _he wouldn't have known that we were there
9 If you (put) some mustard in the sandwiches they would have tasted better
10 If he had known that the river was dangerous he (not try) _ to swim across it
11 If he had known the whole story he (not be) _ so angry
12 I shouldn't have eaten it if I (know) that there was ginger in it
13 You (not get) into trouble if you had obeyed my instructions
14 If I (be) ready when he called he would have taken me with him
15 He would have been arrested if he (try) _to leave the country
16 They would have forced their way into the house if I (not call) _ for help
Conditional sentences: mixed types
1 If you pass your examination we (have) a celebration
2 I should have voted for her if I (have) _ a vote then
3 The flight may be cancelled if the fog (get) _ thick
4 You would play better bridge if you (not talk) so much
5 I could repair the roof myself if I (have) _a long ladder
6 Unless they turn that radio off I (go) mad
7 We'll have a long way to walk if we (run) _out of petrol here
8 I'll probably get lost unless he (come) with me
9 If you (wear) _ a false beard nobody would have recognized you
10 If she (leave) the fish there the car will get it
11 I (bring) _you some beer if I had known that you were thirsty
12 I (not buy) _ things on the installment system if I were you
13 You (not be) _any use to me unless you learn to type
14 If anyone attacked me, my dog (jump) _at his throat
15 The ship would have run aground if the pilot (make) _one mistake
Circle the best answer to fill each of bank.
1 If I were you , I … a new car
A will buy B bought C would buy D buy
2 If I had time, I … to the heach with you this weekend
A would go B will go C would have gone D will have gone
3 I’ll send you the information if you … me address
A tell B told C will tell D have told
4 what … happen if there were no plants on easth ?
A will B would C could D did
5 if Hoa had had a rain coat, he … a cold
A didn’t catch B would have caught C wouldn’t have catch D wouldn’t have caught
6 If John … a map he wouldn’t have lost the way
A have had B had C had had D would have
7 If Mary … a fluent English , she would have got a good job
A speak B had spoken C spoke D was speaking
8 If you keep on playing gams on computer , I would send it
A B C D
Trang 219 If I see the sight , I could tell you about that
A B C D
10 If I learn harder , I … pass the final exam
A should B will C could D would
11 We would save thousancls of live if … the remedy for the flu
A we had not fount out B we found C we find out D we will find
13 If I finish the work on time , I … to the footbale game
A would go B will go C would have gone D go
14 If I had told them the truth, they … him
A would have punished B will not have punished
C will not punish D would not punish
15 Had he driven more carefully, he … fewer accident
A had had B would have had C will have D would have
16 Did I have a degree, I… a job easily
A will get B would get C would have got D got
17 If it … tomorrow, I shall stay at home
A rains B rain C had rained D rained
18 Did she have more peactice, she… speak English
A will B would C will have D would have
19 If she … this company , she would make a lot of changes
A runs B has run C in running D ran
20 If she hadn’t lost her ticket, she … so upset now
A won’t be B wasn’t C hadn’t been D wouldn’t have been
21 If we … about the film , we would have gone to see it
A know B knew C have know D had known
22 If there isn’t enough rain, the hydropower station can not operate.
A When there isn’t enough rain, the hydropower station can operate
B Unless there is enough rain, the hydropower station can operate
C Unless there isn’t enough rain, the hydropower station can not operate
D Unless there is enough rain, the hydropower station can’t operate
23 If we can’t prevent it in advance, the hurrican will destroy the coastal towns.
A Unless we can prevent it in advance, the hurrican will destroy the coastal towns
B Unless we can prevent it in advance, the hurrican won’t destroy the coastal towns
C Unless we can’t prevent it in advance, the hurrican won’t destroy the coastal towns
D When we can’t prevent it in advance, the hurrican won’t destroy the coastal towns
24 I don’t have enough money with me now; otherwise I will buy that coat.
A If I didn’t have enough money with me now, I would buy that coat
B If I had enough money with me now, I would buy that coat
C If I had enough money with me now, I wouldn’t buy that coat
D If I didn’t have enough money with me now, I wouldn’t buy that coat
25 It’s raining and they can’t go camping in the mountain.
A If it was raining, they could go camping in the mountain
B If it isn’t raining, they could go camping in the mountain
C If it wasn’t raining, they could go camping in the mountain
D If it is raining, they could go camping in the mountain
26 I didn’t have an umbrella with me, so I got wet.
A If I had had an umbrella, I wouldn’t have got wet
B If I had had an umbrella, I would have got wet
C If I had had an umbrella, I wouldn’t get wet
Trang 22D If I had had an umbrella, I would get wet
Exercise 1: Rewrite the sentences using conditional sentence type 2
1 I have to work late tomorrow, so I can’t join your party
2 I’ve got a lot of work to do, so I can’t go home for lunch now
3 She doesn’t live in London because she doesn’t know anyone there
4 The house is so small that they can’t live in it.
5 He is too young to enter that race
Exercise 2: Using the given information, make conditional sentences type 3.
1 I didn’t ride the bus to school because it was always crowed.
2 He didn’t prepare for the interview, so he didn’t get the job.
3 Carol didn’t answer the phone because he was studying.
4 We couldn’t go to the concert because he didn’t have enough money
5 Martin failed his driving test last week because he was nervous
Exercise 3: Give the correct form of the verbs.
1 If Mr Minh (be) here, he would help us with this work
2 If I were in Paris now, I (go) to some of the summer concerts
3 If I had your address, I(write) to you
4 If I (have) money, I (buy) a car
5 If he knew the truth , he (be) very angry
Exercise 1: Put the verbs into the correct form.
1 If she (not, fail) ……… one of her final exams, she wouldn’t have had to spend part of the summer in college.
2 He wouldn’t have had an accident if he (drive) ……….more carefully.
3 If the rain (stop) ………, I would have gone for a walk.
4 If he had asked you, you (accept) ……….?
5 If you (stop) ……… him, he would have come.
6 If I had known that you were in hospital, I (visit)……….you.
7 If he (not, be) ………, he (go) ……….swimming yesterday.
8 If I (try) ……… again, I think I would have succeeded.
9 If Mary (meet) ………me earlier, she wouldn’t have missed the meeting.
10 They (go) ……… to the party if it hadn’t rained.
Exercise 1: Complete the following sentences, using the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
1 If I see him I ……….(give) him a lift
2 The table will collapse if you ……… (stand) on it
3 If I ……… (know) his address I’d give it to you
4 He ……… (look) a lot better if he shaved more often
5 If I had had a map I ……… (be) all right
6 If I were sent to prison you ………(visit) me?
7 I ………(offer) to help if I thought I’d be any use
8 Unless you are more careful you ……….(have) an accident
9 If I had realized that the traffic lights were red I ……… (stop)
10 The flight may be cancelled if the fog ……….(get) thick
11 What I ………(do) if I hear the burglar alarm?
12 If she ……….(leave) the fish there the car will get it
13 She ……….(be able) to walk faster if her shoes hadn’t such high heels
14 You ……… not be) any use to me unless you learn to type
15 If anyone attacked, my dog ……… (jump) at his throat
16 If the milkman ………(come) tell him to leave two pints
17 Unless they turn that radio off I ……… (go) mad
18 If you go to Paris where you ………(stay)?
19 I could repair the roof myself if I ……… (have) a long ladder
20 If you …… …(read) the instructions carefully you wouldn’t have answered the wrong question
Exercise 3: Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense:
1 If I ………(know) his phone telephone number, I would call him