NOTICEWhen handling supplemental restraint system components (removal,installation or inspection, etc.), always follow the direction given in the repairmanuals listed above to prevent accidents and supplemental restraintsystem malfunction.FOREWORDThis wiring diagram manual has been prepared to provideinformation on the electrical system of the 2004 LANDCRUISER.Applicable models: UZJ100 SeriesFor service specifications and repair procedures of the abovemodels other than those listed in this manual, refer to thefollowing manuals;Manual NamePub. No.Y 2004 LAND CRUISER Repair ManualVolume 1Volume 2Y 2004 TOYOTA New Car FeaturesRM1071U1RM1071U2NCF257UAll information in this manual is based on the latest productinformation at the time of publication. However, specificationsand procedures are subject to change without notice. Y2003All rights reserved. This book may not bereproduced or copied, in whole or in part, withoutthe written permission of Toyota MotorCorporation.2004 LAND CRUISER (EWD548U)12004 LAND CRUISERELECTRICAL WIRING DIAGRAMSection Code PageINTRODUCTION A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL B. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3TROUBLESHOOTING C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12ABBREVIATIONS D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17GLOSSARY OF TERMS AND SYMBOLS E. . . . . . . . 18RELAY LOCATIONS F. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20ELECTRICAL WIRING ROUTING G. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68SYSTEM CIRCUITS H. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93GROUND POINT I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376POWER SOURCE (Current Flow Chart) J. . . . . . . . . 384CONNECTOR LIST K. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394PART NUMBER OF CONNECTORS L. . . . . . . . . . . . . 406OVERALL ELECTRICAL WIRING DIAGRAM M. . . . . 410 2004 LAND CRUISER (EWD548U)2A INTRODUCTIONThis manual consists of the following 13 sections:No. Section DescriptionAINDEX Index of the contents of this manual.AINTRODUCTION Brief explanation of each section.BHOW TO USE THISMANUALInstructions on how to use this manual.CTROUBLE-SHOOTINGDescribes the basic inspection procedures for electrical circuits.D ABBREVIATIONS Defines the abbreviations used in this manual.EGLOSSARY OFTERMS ANDSYMBOLSDefines the symbols and functions of major parts.F RELAY LOCATIONSShows position of the Electronic Control Unit, Relays, Relay Block, etc.This section is closely related to the system circuit.GELECTRICALWIRING ROUTINGDescribes position of Parts Connectors, Splice points, Ground points, etc.This section is closely related to the system circuit.INDEX Index of the system circuits.HSYSTEM CIRCUITSElectrical circuits of each system are shown from the power supply through groundpoints. Wiring connections and their positions are shown and classified by codeaccording to the connection method. (Refer to the section, ”How to use this manual”).The ”System Outline” and ”Service Hints” useful for troubleshooting are also containedin this section.I GROUND POINT Shows ground positions of all parts described in this manual.JPOWER SOURCE(Current Flow Chart)Describes power distribution from the power supply to various electrical loads.K CONNECTOR LISTDescribes the form of the connectors for the parts appeared in this book.This section is closely related to the system circuit.LPART NUMBER OFCONNECTORSIndicates the part number of the connectors used in this manual.MOVERALLELECTRICALWIRING DIAGRAMProvides circuit diagrams showing the circuit connections. 2004 LAND CRUISER (EWD548U)3HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL BThis manual provides information on the electrical circuits installed on vehicles bydividing them into a circuit for each system.The actual RESPONDING TO CLIMATE CHANGE: CARBON RIGHT AND DATA SHARING WITHIN LAND ADMINISTRATION Adish Khezri and Arbind Tuladhar (Netherlands) XXV FIG Congress Engaging the challenges, Enhancing the relevance TS03D – Commission and Task force on Surveyors and climate change Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 16 -21 June 2014 OUTLINES Climate Change and the consequences Drivers for Climate Change Human activities and sources of GHG emission What should we (as land professionals) do? Proposed Framework Conclusion XXV International Federation of Surveyors Congress, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 16 – 21 June 2014 CLIMATE CHANGE AND CONSEQUENCES A major issue worldwide and the news appear everywhere All aspects of human and natural life are affected Impacts are multifaceted, affecting various sectors including agriculture, food security, water resources, energy infrastructure, ecosystem services, and human health (Kohler & Maselli, 2009) XXV International Federation of Surveyors Congress, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 16 – 21 June 2014 CLIMATE CHANGE AND CONSEQUENCES XXV International Federation of Surveyors Congress, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 16 – 21 June 2014 DRIVERS FOR CLIMATE CHANGE The 2007 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Assessment Report states that the warming of the global climate on earth is mainly caused by two activities Out of humankind control Natural activities Humankind control Anthropogenic activities Changes in nature made by human activities XXV International Federation of Surveyors Congress, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 16 – 21 June 2014 HUMAN ACTIVITIES ON LAND An inseparable part of humankind, a base of human activities, natural resources and source of life and wealth (UN/ECE, 1996); A symbol of identification bound with other identifying factors like family, groups, communities, nations, ethnicity, gender, etc.; An entity that organizes ecosystems and provides life-support systems; A source of economic and social human activities such as urban growth, agriculture and industry expansion A place of supply and demand XXV International Federation of Surveyors Congress, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 16 – 21 June 2014 SOURCES OF GHG EMISSIONS Electricity - burning fossil fuels mostly coal and natural gas building or transport network – burning fossil fuels from gasoline and diesel Industry - burning fossil fuels for energy as well as greenhouse gas emissions from certain chemical reactions necessary to produce goods from raw materials Commercial and residential areas - fossil fuels burned for heat, and the handling of waste XXV International Federation of Surveyors Congress, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 16 – 21 June 2014 SOURCES OF GHG EMISSION Agriculture - livestock such as cows, agricultural soils, and rice production causing changes in the characteristics of soil and vegetation of the land, Land use change - conversion of forests, grasslands and wetlands to agricultural areas land use change Plants absorb carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere as they grow, and store CO2 throughout their lifetime Soils store CO2, depending on how the soil is managed The storage of carbon in plants and soils -> biological carbon sequestration Emissions or sequestration of CO2 can occur as land uses change XXV International Federation of Surveyors Congress, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 16 – 21 June 2014 WHAT CAN WE DO? Mitigation to and adaptation of Climate Change Global level, Regional level, National level, State/provisional level, Local/community level and Individual level Land (and building) rights, responsibilities and restrictions that can support reduction of GHG emission – redesign existing system? Building land use land development tools that support on mitigation to and adaption of climate change; Transparent Land information sharing mechanism; Mobile GHG reduction services at community and individual levels ??? XXV International Federation of Surveyors Congress, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 16 – 21 June 2014 PROPOSED FRAMEWORK XXV International Federation of Surveyors Congress, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 16 – 21 June 2014 CONCLUSION What are the new requirements (data and services)? How to integrate new requirements into the existing Land administration? How to make sure that the new system will be acceptable to our society? Will the institutional reform be possible? Will the new system be sustainable? Etc XXV International Federation of Surveyors Congress, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 16 – 21 June 2014 THANK YOU XXV International Federation of Surveyors Congress, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 16 – 21 June 2014 ETSI WIDEBAND CDMA STANDARD FOR THE UTRA FDD AIR INTERFACE by Nicky Jee-Ngai Yuen Electrical Engineering 563 Wireless Personal Telecommunications Systems ETSI WIDEBAND CDMA STANDARD FOR THE UTRA FDD AIR INTERFACE Submitted to Dr. P. Takis Mathiopoulos The University of British Columbia by Nicky Jee-Ngai Yuen The University of British Columbia March 30 2001 ii ABSTRACT “ETSI Wideband CDMA Standard for the UTRA FDD Air Interface” by Nicky Yuen The core requirements for the IMT-2000 air interface technology to be used in Third Generation (3G) wireless systems are: 1) up to 2 Mbps data rate for local area coverage, 2) up to 384 kbps data rate for wide area coverage, 3) highly efficient utilization of the spectrum in contrast to current 1G and 2G systems, and 4) capability to support various multimedia information sources on an ongoing basis. The radio access technology that was finally proposed in January of 1998 to meet these criteria was W-CDMA. W-CDMA is based on Direct Sequence CDMA technology, with a chip rate of 4.096 Mcps. It is designed to be flexible to accommodate third generation services as well as to be adaptable to current GSM systems. This paper presents a background to 3G systems, some key features and technologies of the W-CDMA FDD air interface, and a description of the physical channel and frame structure. iii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Table 1. Key Parameters of W-CDMA 4 Table 2. Physical Channel Format .9 Figure 1. ITU Spectrum Allocation .3 Figure 2. Hierarchical Cell Structure for Smooth Handovers .6 Figure 3. Physical Channel Structure .9 Figure 4. Uplink DPDCH/DPCCH Structures 10 Figure 5. Uplink DPCH Spreading/Modulation 11 Figure 6. Random Access Scheme 12 Figure 7. Uplink PRACH Structure .12 Figure 8. Data Part of PRACH 13 Figure 9. Downlink Spreading/Modulation 14 Figure 10. Downlink DPCH .15 Figure 11. Primary and Secondary CCPCHs 16 Figure 12. Synchronization Channel 17 Figure 13. Test Route .18 Figure 14. Average BER Performance with Variable Chip Rate 20 iv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS BCCH Broadcast Control Channel BER .Bit Error Rate BPSK . Binary Phase Shift Keying BTS .Base Transceiver Station CDMA .Code Division Multiple Access CCPCH Common Control Physical Channel DLPCH Downlink Physical Channel DPCCH .Dedicated Physical Control Channel DPCH .Dedicated Physical Channel DPDCH . Dedicated Physical Data Channel DS-CDMA Direct Sequence CDMA ETSI .European Telecommunications Standards Institute FACH Forward Access Channel FDD .Frequency Division Duplex FPLMTS .Future Public Land Mobile Telecommunications System HCS Hierarchical Cell Structure IMT-2000 International Mobile Telecommunications – This page intentionally left blank War Land on the Eastern Front is a study of a hidden legacy of World WarI: the experience of German soldiers on the Eastern Front and thelong-term eVects of their encounter with Eastern Europe. It presentsan ‘‘anatomy of an occupation,’’ charting the ambitions and realities ofthe new German military state there. Using hitherto neglected sourcesfrom both occupiers and occupied, oYcial documents, propaganda,memoirs, and novels, it reveals how German views of the Eastchanged during total war. New categories for viewing the East tookroot along with the idea of a German cultural mission in these sup-posed wastelands. After Germany’s defeat, the Eastern Front’s‘‘lessons’’ were taken up by the Nazis, radicalized, and enacted whenGerman armies returned to the East in World War II. Vejas GabrielLiulevicius’ persuasive and compelling study Wlls a yawning gap in theliterature of the Great War.vejas gabriel liulevicius is Assistant Professor of History at theUniversity of Tennessee. Studies in the Social and Cultural History of Modern WarfareGeneral editorJay Winter, Pembroke College, CambridgeAdvisory editorsPaul Kennedy, Yale UniversityAntoine Prost, Universite´ de Paris-SorbonneEmmanuel Sivan, The Hebrew University of JerusalemIn recent years the Weld of modern history has been enriched by the exploration oftwo parallel histories. These are the social and cultural history of armed conXict,and the impact of military events on social and cultural history.Studies in the Social and Cultural History of Modern Warfare presents thefruits of this growing area of research, reXecting both the colonization of militaryhistory by cultural historians and the reciprocal interest of military historians insocial and cultural history, to the beneWt of both. The series oVers the latestscholarship in European and non-European events from the 1850s to the presentday.For a complete list of titles in the series see end of book War Land on the Eastern FrontCulture, National Identity, and German Occupationin World War IVejas Gabriel LiuleviciusUniversity of Tennessee The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 2RU, UK40 West 20th Street, New York, NY 10011-4211, USA477 Williamstown Road, Port Melbourne, VIC 3207, AustraliaRuiz de Alarcón 13, 28014 Madrid, SpainDock House, The Waterfront, Cape Town 8001, South Africahttp://www.cambridge.orgFirst published in printed format ISBN 0-521-66157-9 hardbackISBN 0-511-03352-4 eBookVejas Gabriel Liulevicius 20042000(Adobe Reader)© ContentsListofmapspageviAcknowledgmentsviiListofabbreviationsviiiIntroduction11Comingtowarland122Themilitaryutopia543Themovementpolicy894TheKulturprogram1135ThemindscapeoftheEast1516Crisis1767Freikorpsmadness2278ThetriumphofRaum247Conclusion278Selectbibliography282Index300v Maps1 Eastern Europe before 1914 132 The German ‘‘Great Advance’’ of 1915 – Eastern Front 183 The Ober Ost state – main administrative divisions 604 The fullest extent of the German advance on the EasternFront by 1918 2075 Postwar Eastern Europe in the 1920s 250vi AcknowledgmentsMy thanks for help and assistance in this venture are owed to manyindividuals and institutions. I am especially grateful to Thomas Childersof the University of Pennsylvania, the ideal advisor, Frank Trommler ofthe University of Pennsylvania, and Alfred Rieber of the CentralEuropean University, Budapest. Thanks for suggestions and commentsare due to Michael Geyer, Thomas Burman, and Jay Winter, editor of theseries in which this book appears. My grateful thanks also goes to Eliza-beth Howard, editor at Cambridge University Press.I gratefully acknowledge the support I was given in my studies andresearch by the Mellon Fellowships in the Humanities, the William PennFellowship of the University of Pennsylvania, the DAAD-German Aca-demic Exchange Fellowship, and 1 1 Đ Đ Á Á NH GI NH GI Á Á Đ Đ Ấ Ấ T ĐAI T ĐAI LAND EVALUATION (LE) LAND EVALUATION (LE) ThS ThS . . Nguy Nguy ễ ễ n n Du Du B B ộ ộ môn môn : : Quy Quy ho ho ạ ạ ch ch s s ử ử d d ụ ụ ng ng đ đ ấ ấ t t Mobi Mobi : 0985633898 : 0985633898 – – Email: nguyendzu2002@yahoo.com Email: nguyendzu2002@yahoo.com CHUONG 1. GIOI THIEU CHUNG CHUONG 2. DON VI DAT DAI (LMU) CHUONG 3. LOAI HINH SDD (LUT) CHUONG 4. PHAN LOAI KHA NANG THICH NGHI 2 2 MỐI QUAN HỆ GIỮA CÁC MÔN HỌC VỀ ĐẤT ĐAI KHOA HỌC ĐẤT ĐÁNH GIÁ ĐẤT ĐAI QUY HOẠCH SD ĐẤT ĐỊNH GIÁ ĐẤT ĐAI Chỉ ra giá trò đất đai Chất lượng và khả năng sử dụng đất đai Sử dụng đất đai LẬP BẢN ĐỒ ĐẤT PHÂN HẠNG ĐẤT ĐAI P.Q. Khánh 2007 3 3 TAI LIEU THAM KHAO TAI LIEU THAM KHAO • DANH GIA DAT – DAO CHAU THU & NGUYEN KHANG • DANH GIA DAT – PHAM QUANG KHANH • TAI LIEU CUA TO CHUC NONG LUONG THE GIOI FAO (FOOD & AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION) • http://www.usda.gov/wps/portal/usdahome • http://www.iuss.org/ • http://www.fao.org/ • http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/indices/ind ex_cd.html#C 4 4 CHUONG 1. GIOI THIEU CHUNG CHUONG 1. GIOI THIEU CHUNG 1. GIOI THIEU VE MON HOC +CAU TRUC: +QUAN HE VOI CAC MON HOC KHAC +MUC DICH & YEU CAU +quan diem +phuong phap & nguyen tac +noi dung & quy trinh +mo ta LMU & LUT +hieu & van dung +phan hang thich nghi LUT LMU THICH NGHI 5 5 ĐỊNH NGHĨA LE LE = khả năng thích nghi của đất đai = quá trình so sánh giữanhững tính chấtcủa khoanh đấtvớinhững tính chất đất đai mà loại yêu cầusử dụng đấtcầnphảicó. MỤC ĐÍCH • Phát hiệntiềmnăng đất đai chưasử dụng • Đề xuất các biện pháp cảitạo đất • Cơ sở cho công tác QHSDĐ • Cung cấpnhững info về sự thuậnlợi& khókhăn cho việc SDĐÆ quyết định hợplý 6 6 LE LE should answer the following should answer the following questions (FAO 1976): questions (FAO 1976): • How is the land currently managed, and what will happen if present practices remain unchanged? • What improvements in management practices, within the present use, are possible? • What other uses of land are physically possible and economically and socially relevant? • Which of these uses offer possibilities of sustained production or other benefits? • What adverse effects, physical, economic or social, are associated with each use? • What recurrent inputs are necessary to bring about the desired production and minimize the adverse effects? • What are the benefits of each form of use? 7 7 2. TONG QUAN +THE GIOI - Dinh tinh: yeu to tu nhien (Độ dày, TPCG, độ thấm, địa hình, xói mòn và khí hậu), NS (10 năm) Y(sức sản xuất) = Độ dày x TPCG x do doc x khac (tuoi, do phi, kiềm .) -Dinh luong: tính thích hợpcủacácloạisử dụng đất đốivới điềukiệntự nhiên, kinh tế -xãhội +VIETNAM: dieu kien sinh thai + chat dat -Đánh giá và quy hoạch sử dụng đất hoang Việt Nam, Bùi Quang Toản và nnk, 1985 -Viện Quy hoạch và Thiết kế Nông nghiệp thực hiện công tác đánh giá đất đai trên 09 vùng sinh thái của cả nước, 1:250.000 (1995) -Nghien cuu cua Vien Tho nhuong Nong hoa 8 8 Đ Đ á á nh gi nh gi á á đ đ ấ ấ t t đai đai ở ở M M ỹ ỹ • PP tổng hợp: Phân chia lãnh thổ tự nhiên và đánh giá qua NS cây trồng 10 năm. • PP yếu tố: độ dày tầng đất, TPCG, độ thẩm thấu, chất lẫn vào, lượng độc tố, muối, địa hình, mức độ xói mòn & khí hậu. PP này không chỉ dựa trên NS mà còn thống kê các chi phí và thu nhập. 9 9 Đ Đ á á nh gi nh gi á á đ đ ấ ấ t t ở ở Anh Anh • Dựa hoàn toàn vào ĐKTN -Yếu tố con người không thể thay thế được: khí hậu, vị trí, địa THE IMPACT OF HIV/AIDS ON LAND RIGHTS MICHAEL ALIBER, CHERRYL WALKER, MUMBI MACHERA, PAUL KAMAU, CHARLES OMONDI & KARUTI KANYINGA CASE STUDIES FROM KENYA Free download from www.hsrc p ublishers.ac.za Compiled by the Integrated Rural and Regional Development Research Programme, Human Sciences Research Council and the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) Published by HSRC Publishers Private Bag X9182, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa www.hsrcpublishers.ac.za © 2004 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations © In published edition Human Sciences Research Council First published 2004 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. ISBN 0 7969 2054 0 Cover by Fuel Design Cover photograph by Evan Haussmann Production by comPress Distributed in Africa by Blue Weaver Marketing and Distribution, PO Box 30370, Tokai, Cape Town, 1966, South Africa. Tel: +27 +21-701-4477 Fax: +27 +21-701-7302 email: booksales@hsrc.ac.za Distributed worldwide, except Africa, by Independent Publishers Group, 814 North Franklin Street, Chicago, IL 60610, USA. www.ipgbook.com To order, call toll-free: 1-800-888-4741 All other inquiries, Tel: +1 +312-337-0747 Fax: +1 +312-337-5985 email: Frontdesk@ipgbook.com Free download from www.hsrc p ublishers.ac.za Contents List of Figures and Tables v Acknowledgements vii Abbreviations viii Abstract ix 1 Introduction 1 2 Literature review 5 2.1 Review of recent studies linking HIV/AIDS to land tenure in Africa 5 2.2 What is left to learn? 8 3 Context 11 3.1 The evolution of the land question in Kenya 11 3.2 Debates regarding tenure change and growing population density 13 3.3 Demographic change in Kenya and the impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic 16 4 Methodological approach and overview of fieldwork 19 4.1 Methodological challenges 19 4.2 Research tools 21 4.3 Study sites 23 4.4 Overview of fieldwork conducted and problems encountered 23 5 Research findings – Embu District 27 5.1 Background on Embu District 27 5.2 Recap of the fieldwork 34 5.3 Population and livelihoods profile 35 5.4 Land tenure, use and administration 45 5.5 Morbidity, mortality, and HIV/AIDS 54 5.6 Case studies 60 5.7 Conclusion: the impact of HIV/AIDS on land tenure in Kinthithe 68 6 Research findings – Thika District 71 6.1 Background on Thika District 71 6.2 Recap of the fieldwork 76 6.3 Population and livelihoods profile 76 6.4 Land tenure, use and administration 82 6.5 Morbidity, mortality, and HIV/AIDS 92 6.6 Case studies 98 6.7 Conclusion: the impact of HIV/AIDS on land tenure in Gachugi 106 7 Research findings – Bondo District 109 7.1 Background on Bondo District 109 7.2 Recap of the fieldwork 112 7.3 Population and livelihoods profile 112 7.4 Land tenure, use and administration 117 7.5 Morbidity, mortality, and HIV/AIDS 126 7.6 Case studies 131 7.7 Conclusion: the impact of HIV/AIDS on land tenure in Lwak Atemo 137 Free download from www.hsrc p ublishers.ac.za 8 Overview and synthesis of research findings 141 8.1 Characteristics of the research sites 141 8.2 The impact of HIV/AIDS on land ownership, land access and land rights 143 8.3 Land-related coping strategies of AIDS-affected households 149 8.4 Implications of land-related coping strategies for productivity and food security 150 8.5 Land administration and its impact on the ... the characteristics of soil and vegetation of the land, Land use change - conversion of forests, grasslands and wetlands to agricultural areas land use change Plants absorb carbon dioxide (CO2 )... and Individual level Land (and building) rights, responsibilities and restrictions that can support reduction of GHG emission – redesign existing system? Building land use land development tools... development tools that support on mitigation to and adaption of climate change; Transparent Land information sharing mechanism; Mobile GHG reduction services at community and individual levels ???