tai lieu on thi tot nghiep lop 12 mon tieng anh (moi)

Tài liệu Ôn thi tốt nghiệp lớp 12 - Môn Tiếng Anh Năm học 2008- 2009. Topic : The Passive Voice. A. Form : To be + V (Past Participle) / Vpp / Vp 2 Vp 2 Ex : - she is punished - Their children are taken to the zoo every Sunday. B. The tenses of the passive voice. Passive tenses Structures Examples Simple Present Am/ is/ are + Vpp English is spoken here Present Continuous Am/ is/ are +being +Vpp The house is being painted Simple Past Was/ were + Vpp My bag was stolen yesterday Past Continuous Was/ were + being + Vpp The dinner was being cooked at 5 p.m yesterday. Present Perfect Have/ has + been + Vpp Three men have been arrested Past Perfect Had + been + Vpp When I came home yesterday, the dinner had been cooked. Will Future Will be + Vpp A new supermarket will be built in Ngoc Tao. Future Perfect Will have + been + Vpp The home work will have been finished by Friday. Going to Future Am/ is/ are + going to + Vpp She is going to be sent abroad for her further study. Can/ may/ must/ might/ shall/ should/ could/ have to/ ought to. Can/ May.+ be + Vpp This task can be done easily. C. Way to change the active voice in to the passive voice. Active : S + V + O Passive : S + BE + Vpp + (By + O) Ngời soạn : Nguyễn Đình Hùng Tr ờng THPT Ngọc Tảo , Hà nội. Tài liệu Ôn thi tốt nghiệp lớp 12 - Môn Tiếng Anh Năm học 2008- 2009. - Động từ TO BE trong câu bị động cùng thì với động từ chính của câu chủ động và chia số ít hay nhiều tuỳ thuộc vào chủ ngữ của câu bị động. Ex : She washes the dishes every day. =>The dishes are washed by her every day. - Nhớ chuyển chủ ngữ sang tân ngữ và ngợc lại (dựa vào bảng dới đây) Object I Me You You We Us They Them She Her He Him It It Lu ý : Câu chủ động có tân ngữ mới chuyển sang câu bị động đợc, không có tân ngữ không chuyển đợc. D. Some special passive structures : 1- Bị động với các động từ nh : say, know, think, believe Ex : People say that the actor lives in Newyork => 1a . It is said that the actor lives in Newyork => 1b. The actor is said to live in Newyork 2- Cấu trúc bị động to have/ get something done. Diễn tả ý thuê hoặc nhờ ai làm việc gì nh một dich vụ. Ex : I have my hair cut every two months He has his car washed once aweek (car washer washes his car once a week). 3- Thể bị động với động từ Need. Dạng V-ing đứng sau động từ Need mang ý nghĩa bị động Ex : The walls are dirty. They need to be painted Or The walls are dirty . They neeed painting 4- Bị động với động từ Make. To make sb do st => Sb + be made to do st Ex : They made him work hard => He was made to be work hard He often makes her cry => She is often made to cry by him The news has made me laugh => I has been made to laugh by the news. E. Exercises. Exercise 1 : Change into the passive voice. 1. Somebody stole my bag in the shop => My bag 2. The police have arresred three men => Three men. 3. The bill includes service => Service 4. People dont use this way very often => This way. 5. They cancelled all flights because of fog => All flights Ngời soạn : Nguyễn Đình Hùng Tr ờng THPT Ngọc Tảo , Hà nội. Tài liệu Ôn thi tốt nghiệp lớp 12 - Môn Tiếng Anh Năm học 2008- 2009. 6. Somebody accused me of stealing the money => I 7. They are building a new ring-road around the city => A new ring- road 8. I didnt realise that someone was recording our conversation =>I didnt realise that our conversation 9. They have changed the date of the meeting => The date of the meeting . . 10. Brian told me that somebody had attacted and robbed in the street. => Brian told me that he Exercise 2 : Turn in to the passive voice. 1. They dont pay Jim very much => Jim 2. They will ask you a lot of questions at the interview. => You 3. Nobody told me that George was ill => I 4. His colleagues gave him a present when he retired. => He 5. We will send you your examination results as soon as they are ready. => You 6. They didnt ask me my name => I 7. I think they should have offer Tom the job. => I think Tom. 8. They built this bridge ten year ago. => This bridge. 9. Someone should do the job tomorrow. => The job 10. He stole some money and was arresred for it . => He was. Exercise 3 : Complete these sentences with one of the following verbs (in the correct form). (Make, wake, knock, find, drive, carry, translate, wash ) 1- A decision will not .until the next meeting 2- That building is dangerous.It ought to down before it falls down. 3- I told the hotel receptionist that I wanted to up at 6:30 4- Her new book will probably .into a number of foreign languages. 5- The police are looking for the missing boy . He cant. anywhere. 6- The injured man couldnt walk and he had to . 7- I dont mind driving but I preffered to by other people. 8- Their car is very dirty. It need Exercise 4: Turn into the passive voice. 1- People say that he is an exellent poet. => He. 2- They said that he was the best student in his group. => He 3- It was alleged that he stole 60 $. =>He. 4- The machanic serviced my car last week => I 5- He didnt invite her to his birthday party. => She. 6- They havent cleaned the floor this week. => The floor. 7- Last year, more than 250 people visisted this museum. => This museum. 8- My bicycle was broken . It needs.(Hoàn thành câu). 9- People laugh at him . => He 10- He threw the book into a corner and forgot all about it . Ngời soạn : Nguyễn Đình Hùng Tr ờng THPT Ngọc Tảo , Hà nội. Tài liệu Ôn thi tốt nghiệp lớp 12 - Môn Tiếng Anh Năm học 2008- 2009. => The book Topic II : gerunds and to-infinitives. gerunds To-infinitives - Learning English is interesting - He suggested going to the cinema. - I am tired of listening to him - He remembered locking the door - It is fun to learn English. - He told me to go to the cinema. - I started to take up badminton. - I am glad to see you again. 1, Danh động từ làm chủ ngữ. - Swimming is good for your health. - Behaving like that is not good. Cấu trúc tơng đơng là : It + to be +adj + to-infinitive Ex :- Learning English is interesting = It is interesting to learn English. - Behaving like that is not good = It is not good to behave like that. 2, Danh động từ đứng sau giới từ. - He is fond of playing football - She is interested in learning English - I look forward to seeing you soon. Notes : to look forward to, insist on, be surprise at, be interested in, be tired of, be bored with, be fed up with, . 3. Danh động từ làm tân ngữ cho một số động từ. - He likes swimming - He stopped smoking two months ago. Danh sách các động từ theo sau đó là một danh động từ: ẹnjoy/ avoid/ mind/ can t help/ can t stand/ finish/ practice/ admit/ miss/ consider/ dis like/ delay/ deny/ suggest/ give up/ prevent/ risk/ escape/ discuss/ keep/ explain/ pospone/ mention/ recommend/ appriciate/ quit/ understand/ imagine/ sopport/ feel like Ex: He enjoys spending his weekend with his little girl very much. 4. Một số động từ theo sau bằng một động từ nguyên mẫu Có 2 cách dùng : +, Main verb + to-infinitive (refuse/ want/ promise/ decide/ agree/ threaten/ arrange/ hope/ ) Ex : - I hope to see you again -He swore not to come back. +, Main verb + O + to-infinitive (ask/ tell/ advise/ want/ remind/ encourage/ invite/ persuade/ force/ teach.) Ex: - He often invites his friends to come to his house for dinner at weekend. - They want her daughter to stay at home at night. 5. Một số động từ theo sau có thể là một danh động từ hoặc một động từ nguyên mẫu có to. Ngời soạn : Nguyễn Đình Hùng Tr ờng THPT Ngọc Tảo , Hà nội. Tài liệu Ôn thi tốt nghiệp lớp 12 - Môn Tiếng Anh Năm học 2008- 2009. V + Ving/ To-Ifninitive +, Với các động từ sau khi dùng sau đó là danh động từ hay nguyên mẫu thì nghĩa không khác nhau: start/ begin/ continue/ love/ like/ cease +, Sau động từ intend ta có thể dùng nguyên mẫu : I intend ti sell it (Tôi định bán nó) thờng xuyên hơn là danh động từ . Nguyên mẫu cần phải có sau intend + túc từ Ex : I intended him to do that task. +, Sau allow/ advise/ permit/ recommend. - Nếu có liên quan đến ngời đề cập đến hành động sau, ta dùng nguyên mẫu Ex : They allow us to park here. We dont allow students to talk in the class. - Nếu ngòi đó không đợc đề cập thì ta dung danh động từ. Ex : We dont allow talking in the class +, Các động từ need/ require/ want/ có thể dùng nguyên mẫu hoặc danh động từ bị động. Nhng danh động từ thờng đợc dùng hơn Ex : The grass needs tobe cut hoặc The grass needs cutting (Cỏ thì cần đợc cắt) +, Các động từ Regret/ remember/ forget - Đợc dùng với danh động từ khi hành động ở danh động từ diễn ra trớc (sớm hơn) Ex: I regret spending so much money (Tôi hối tiếc vì đã tiêu quá nhiều tiền Hành động tiêu tiền xảy ra trớc) - remember có thể đợc dùng theo sau một tính từ sở hữu / túc từ + danh động từ Ex : I remember his/ him telling me about it.(Tôi nhớ là anh ta đã kể cho tôi nghe về điều đó) Regret/ remember/ forget + Ving : Hối tiếc/ nhớ/ quên là đã làm gì - Regret/ remember/ forget + to-infinitive theo sau bởi các nguyên mẫu diễn tả hành động Tiếc/ nhớ/ quên xảy ra trớc Ex : I didnt remember to lock the door this morning (Sáng nay,Tôi không nhớ khoá cửa ) Regret/ remember/ forget + to-infinitive : Hối tiếc/ nhớ/ quên để/ phải làm gì +, Đối với động từ stop : - Stop + to-infinitive : Dừng lại để làm gì He stopped to smoke (Hắn ta dừng lại để làm gì) - Stop + Ving : Thôi/ bỏ làm gì He stopped smoking 2 months ago (Hắn ta bỏ thuốc 2 thang trớc đây) - Có thể dùng stop +túc từ + Ving I cant stop him talking to the press (Tôi không thể ngăn ông ta nói chuyện với báo chí) +, Đối với động từ Try - try + Ving ; Thử làm gì - try + to-infinitive : cố gắng làm gì +, Đối với các động từ : see/ hear/ watch/ feel - see/ hear/ watch/ feel + Túc từ +Ving : Thấy/ nghe/ xem/ cảm thấy ai đang làm gì Ex: I saw them playing foot ball yesterday afternoon Ngời soạn : Nguyễn Đình Hùng Tr ờng THPT Ngọc Tảo , Hà nội. Tài liệu Ôn thi tốt nghiệp lớp 12 - Môn Tiếng Anh Năm học 2008- 2009. - - see/ hear/ watch/ feel + Túc từ + Bare infinitive : Thấy/ nghe/ xem/ cảm thấy ai đã làm gì Exercises: Exercise 1 : Choose the best answers to complete the following sentences. 1. He does not allow us in his house A. smoke B. to smoke C. smoking D. smoked 2. Passing the restaurant , he stopped a coffee A. to drink B. drink C. drinking D. drunk 3. No one can prevent us fromgood things A. to do B. doing C. did D. done 4. I enjoy in the afternoon after . my English homework. A. rest/ finishing B. rest/ finish C.resting/ finish D. resting/ finishing 5. Would you like me some tea? A. make B. making C. made D. to make 6. He stopped 2 weeks ago because he had a bad cough. A. smoke B. to smoke C. smoking D. smoked 7. I want to travel becausse I enjoy people and new places. A.to meet/ to see B. meeting/ seeing C. to meet/ seeing D. meeting/ to see 8. In stead of .out with Janet , we decidedhome. A. going/ staying B. going/ to stay C. to go/ staying D. going/ to stay 9. Would you mind.me your pocket calculator? A. lending B. lend C. to lend D. lent 10. She is looking forward to.her parentsletter from Italy. A. receive B. received C. to receive D. receiving 11. She wannted .home but the boss made her until she finished those contracts A. going/ staying/ typing B. to go/ stay/ typing C. going/ to stay/ typing D. go/ stay/ type 12. Thomas will never forget the Queen when sshe visited the university where he studied. A. meet B. meeting C. to meet D. met 13. Jonh could not help.angry when he learnt that they had refused him a promotion. A. getting/ offering B. getting/ to offer C. to get/ offering D. to get/ to offer 14. I regret that I was not interested in the work.The boss overheard me so he sacked me. A. saying/ saying B. saying/ say C.to say/ saying D. to say/ say 15. Would you mind.for few minutes? A. wait B. to wait C. waiting D. waited Exercise 2 : Use the correct form of the verbs in the brackets (Gerund , To- infinitive or bare infinitive ) 1. It is easy (see) animals on the road in daylight but sometimes at night it is difficult (avoid).(hit).them. Ngời soạn : Nguyễn Đình Hùng Tr ờng THPT Ngọc Tảo , Hà nội. Tài liệu Ôn thi tốt nghiệp lớp 12 - Môn Tiếng Anh Năm học 2008- 2009. 2. I caught him (climb) over my wall. I asked him (explain) but he refused (say).anything ,so in the end I let him (go) 3. There was no ways of (get).out of the building except by (climb) down the rope and Ann was too terrified (do)this. 4. We heard the engine (roar)as the plan began (move). and we saw the people on the ground (wave ).goodbye. 5. It is no good (write).to him, he never answers letters. The only thing (do)is (go)and (see)him. 6. Ask him (come) in. Dont keep him (stand) 7. We watch the children (jump). from a window and (fall) into a blanket held by the people below. 8. We are planning(visit)several historicai sites in Hue 9. I dont remember (tell) of the decision (change)the company policy on vacations. When was it decided? 10. Tommy admitted (throw) the rock though the window after that I let him (go away). Ngời soạn : Nguyễn Đình Hùng Tr ờng THPT Ngọc Tảo , Hà nội. . have/ get something done. Diễn tả ý thuê hoặc nhờ ai làm việc gì nh một dich vụ. Ex : I have my hair cut every two months He has his car washed once aweek. Tảo , Hà nội. Tài liệu Ôn thi tốt nghiệp lớp 12 - Môn Tiếng Anh Năm học 2008- 2009. 6. Somebody accused me of stealing the money => I 7. They are