A RELATIVE CLAUSES WHO : dùng cho chủ ngữ - người WHOM : dùng cho tân ngữ - ngừoi WHICH : dùng cho chủ ngữ lẫn tân ngữ - vật THAT : dùng cho tất chữ WHEN : dùng cho thời gian WHERE : dùng cho nơi chốn WHOSE : dùng cho sở hữu ,người / vật WHY : dùng cho lý ( reason /cause ) NHỮNG LƯU Ý 1.Dùng dấu phẩy: danh từ đứng trước who, which, whom : + Danh từ riêng ,tên: Ha Noi, Mary + Có this ,that ,these ,those đứng trước danh từ + Có sở hữu đứng trước danh từ : his, her, my, + Là vật biết : Sun, moon , earth 2.Có thể lược bỏ đại từ quan hệ WHO, WHICH, WHOM : Khi làm tân ngữ phía trước dấu phẩy, giới từ (whose không bỏ) Eg:This is the book which I buy → This is the book I buy KHÔNG ĐƯỢC dùng THAT : Khi phía trước có dấu phẩy giới từ : This is my book , that I bought years ago (sai) This is the house in that I live (sai) Bắt buộc dùng THAT: danh từ mà thay gồm danh từ trở lên vừa có ngừơi vừa có vật Eg: The men and the horses that Nên dùng THAT - Khi đầu câu IT dạng nhấn mạnh (Cleft sentences) Eg: It is My father that made the table - Khi đứng trước : all, both, each, many, most, neither, none, part, someone, something, so sánh Eg: There is something that must be done This the most beautiful girl that I've ever met B REDUCED RELATIVE CLAUSES - Dùng Present participles (V-ing) để thay MĐLH mang nghĩa chủ động (active): Relative pronoun + active V → V-ing Eg: The girl who is playing with the dog is Lan’s sister → The girl playing with the dog is Lan’s sister - Dùng Pass participles (V3/ED) để thay cho MĐLH mang nghĩa bị động (passive): Relative pronoun+be+V3/ED → V3/ED Eg: The students who was punished by the teacher are lazy → The students punished by the teacher are lazy - Dùng to- infinitive để thay cho MĐLH mà trước số thứ tự (the first, second…), sau next, last, only sau tính từ so sánh hơn, The first/ second…+N+ RP+V → The first/ second…+N+ to V/ to be V C EXRCISES Ex 1: Choice the best answer: This is the place _ I met my wife A what B where C which D that Simon is the man _ Mary loves A who B which C whom D A&C She is the one _ I told you about A what B which C whose D that Those _ had studied hard passed their exams A what B which C who D whose The magazine _ you lent me is interesting A what B which C whom D whose The man _ is resting is very tired A what B which C whom D who The boy _ sat next to you is my friend A who B which C whom D whose We are using books _ were printed last year A what B who C which D whose The painting _Ms Wallace bought was very ex pensive A whom B whose C which D where 10 The homeless people _story appeared in the paper la st week have now found a place to live A who B whom C that D whose 11 is your favourite sport, swimming or running A What B Which C Whom D Whose 12 Were the Wright brothers the ones built the first aeroplane? A which B whom C whose D that 13 I don't like stories have unhappy endings A where B which C they D who 14 She, is your sister, lives far away A which B who C whom D she 15 I see some girls are pretty A whom B which C who D they 16 Give back the money you took A it B who C whom D which 17 He was killed by a man friends we know A whose B which C whom D that 18 He spoke to the messengers with you were l eaving A which B whom C whose D that 19 We captured a town is in Spain A whom B where C which D it 20 The farmers we saw were in the field A whose B which C they D whom 21 The women I gave the money were glad A to whom B to that C for whom D for that 21 The film about _ they are talking is fantastic A who B which C whom D that 22 The people for the bus in the rain are getting well A waiting B to wait C waited D wait 23 He is the boy _ is my best friend A that B whom C who D A& C 24 I have a message for people _ by the traffic chaos A to delay B who delay C delayed D who delaying 25 I live in a pleasant room the garden A to overlook B overlooking C overlooked D which overlooking 26 Melanie was the only person _ a letter of thanks A wrote B written C to write D writing 27 The pilot was the only man _ after the crash A.was rescued B rescued C rescuing D to be rescued 28 I met a lot of new people at the party names I can’t remember A whose B which C who D whom 29 I’ll see you near the post office _ we met t he other day A which B where C when D why 30 Tell me the reason you were absent yesterday A where B when C why D that 31.There was a time dinosaurs dominated the earth A which B when C that D A & B 32 Summer is the time of the year _ the weather is the hottest A when B which C that D B & C 33 Do you know the man about _ they’re talking? A whom B whose C that D A & C 34 What’s the name of the blonde girl _ just came in? A who B whose C whom D A & B 35 I don’t like people lose their tempers easily A who B whose C that D A & C 36 I don’t like people _ never stops talking A that B whose C where D whom 37 It _in Hanoi _ I was born and grew up A is / that B was / that C was / which D is / which 38 It Lan _ always helps him in his trouble A was/ who B was/ that C is / who D is / which 39 It was The World Cup _in Korea and Japan A which was held B that were held C that was held D that held 40 Marie, _ I met at the party, called me last night A that B whom C which D whose Ex 2: Rewrite the sentences using relatives clauses 1.He was sitting on a chair It was uncomfortable ………………………………………………………… 2.The pub is opposite the Town Hall I first met my wife there ………………………………………………………… 3.Do you know that lady? I repaired her car ………………………………………………………… 5.A man stole £10,000 from a bank The police have caught him ………………………………………………………… 6.Romeo and Juliet were lovers Their parents hated each other ………………………………………………………… 7.This is the story of a man His wife suddenly loses her memory ………………………………………………………… 8.A man brought in a small girl Her hand had been cut by flying glass ………………………………………………………… 9.There’s the lady Her dog was killed ………………………………………………………… 10.He’s the person His car was stolen ………………………………………………………… 11.The river is the Sai Gon River It flows through Ho Chi Minh City ………………………………………………………… 12.Mr Phong hasn’t come yet He is supposed to be at the meeting ………………………………………………………… 13.Our solar system is in a galaxy The galaxy is called the Milky Way ………………………………………………………… 14.I come from a city This city is located in the southern part of the country ………………………………………………………… 15.I’ve recently gone back to the town I was born in the town ………………………………………………………… 16.Do you know the name of the hotel ? John is staying at the hotel ………………………………………………………… 17.We enjoy this city It has been renewed a lot after the war ………………………………………………………… 18.The movie was interesting We went to it ………………………………………………………… 19.I couldn’t understand the woman I talked to her on the phone ………………………………………………………… 20.I want to tell you about the party I went to it last night ………………………………………………………… 21.The music was gentle We listened to it last night ………………………………………………………… 22.Alice likes the foreign family She is living with them ………………………………………………………… 23.The man is over there I told you about him ………………………………………………………… 24.The film is fantastic They are talking about it ………………………………………………………… 25.She’s the nurse We gave the flowers to her ………………………………………………………… 26.We are speaking to the man The man was our new history teacher ………………………………………………………….v 27.The teacher is Mr Pike We studied with him last year ………………………………………………………… 28.Neil Armstrong was the first man who walked on the moon ………………………………………………………… 29.I come from a city that is located in the southern part of the country ………………………………………………………… 30.The children who attend that school receive a good education ………………………………………………………… 31.The scientists who are researching the causes of cancer are making progress ………………………………………………………… 32.They live in a house that was built in ………………………………………………………… 33.We have an apartment which overlooks the park ………………………………………………………… 34.Yuri Gagarin became the first man who flied into space ………………………………………………………… 35.We stood on the bridge which connects the two halves of the building ………………………………………………………… 36.I come from a city which is located in the southern part of the country ………………………………………………………… 37.There are some words They are very difficult to translate ………………………………………………………… 38.What is the name of the man ? You borrowed his car ………………………………………………………… 39.This watch costs a lot of money I have lost the watch ………………………………………………………… 40.We were given a lot of information Most of the information was useless ………………………………………………………… Ex 3: Reduceding the relative clauses using V-ing, V3/ED, to V 1.Neil Armstrong was the first man who walked on the moon ………………………………………………………… 2.I come from a city that is located in the southern part of the country ………………………………………………………… 3.The children who attend that school receive a good education ……………………………………………………… 4.The scientists who are researching the causes of cancer are making progress ……………………………………………………… 5.They live in a house that was built in ……………………………………………………… 6.We have an apartment which overlooks the park ……………………………………………………… 7.Yuri Gagarin became the first man who flied into space ……………………………………………………… 8.We stood on the bridge which connects the two halves of the building ……………………………………………………… 9.I come from a city which is located in the southern part of the country ……………………………………………………… 10.The vegetables which are sold in this supermarket are grown without chemicals ……………………………………………………… 11.Do you know the woman who is coming toward us ? ……………………………………………………… 12.The people who was waiting for the bus in the rain are getting wet ……………………………………………………… 13.I come from a city that is located in the southern part of the country ……………………………………………………… 14.They live in a house that was built in ……………………………………………………… 15.He was the first man who left the burning building ……………………………………………………… 16.The couple who live in the house next door are both college professors ……………………………………………………… 17.The people who are waiting for the bus in the rain are getting wet ……………………………………………………… 18.The students who did not come to the class yesterday explain their absence to the teacher ……………………………………………………… 19.Did you get the message which concerned the special meeting ? ……………………………………………………… 20.Lan is the second student who entered the classroom this morning ……………………………………………………… 21.The psychologists who study the nature of sleep have made important discoveries ……………………………………………………… 22.He was the only man who reached the top ……………………………………………………… 23.He is always the first who comes and the last who goes ……………………………………………………… 24.People who listen to very loud music may suffer gradual hearing loss ……………………………………………………… 25.He was the second man who was saved in the fire ……………………………………………………… 26.I haven’t got anything that I could open a bottle of wine with ……………………………………………………… 27.The Queen Elizabeth is the largest ship which has been built on the island ……………………………………………………… 28.The fifth man who was interviewed was completely unsuitable ……………………………………………………… 29.This is the third who is late for the meeting today ……………………………………………………… 30.Am I the next person who joins the interview ? ……………………………………………………… Exrcise 3: Fill the gap 1.The books, I'd ordered over the internet, took nearly three weeks to arrive 2.The books _ I'd ordered from a bookshop arrived the following week 3.My parents, were born in the north of England, moved to London to find work 4.The man lives upstairs is always playing music when I'm trying to get to sleep 5.The building I live in was built in the 9s 6.The building I live was built in the 9s 7.The car's making a funny noise again, _ means we'll have to get someone to look at it 8.The employee to _you refer is no longer working for this company 9.Do you remember the name of the man car you crashed into? 10.Have you any idea _they were arguing about? 11.The hotel we stayed was very good for the price 12.The woman _is sitting at the desk is Mr Winter's secretary 13.I cannot remember the reason _he wanted us to leave 14.Jane, mother is a physician, is very good at biology 15.She didn’t see the snake _was lying on the ground 16.Do you know the shop _ Andrew picked me up? 17.That man is the writer _wrote a bestselling novel 18.Here is the CD _ you thought you had lost 19.A proffesor is someone _teaches in a university 20.The only present _I didn’t like was the gold belt 21.A meteorologist is someone _ knows about the weather 22.This is the book I wrote to you about 23.Anybody wants to join the drama society must sign up now 24.This is the shop is so expensive 25.Ciro´s was the best club _ I have ever been to 26.The tower _ blew down in the storm was over years old 27.The match _ we saw was so boring 28.Did I tell you about the people live next door? 29.The horse _ won the race belongs to an Irish woman 30.I love the ice cream they sell in that shop