Cẩm nang luyện thi Môn Ngữ Văn ( Phần 6 )

Ba cv T u cung c6 sxf thay doi tarn ly theo chieu h u d n g ^ c h eye: Ba 1^ nguoi ngheo k h o , rat m y c t h u o n g Vi^c Trang lay VQ vpi ba la m p t sir ngac nhien La n g u a i da t i r n g trai, truoc l o i thong bao cua Trang, ba "ciii dau nin lang" Ba da c o ' k i m nen n o i long m i n h n h u n g "trong ke mdt kem nhem cua ba ri xuong hai dbng nu&c mat" D o la n h u n g gipt n u o c m a t d a y xot thucmg cho so kiep d u a cho canh gia d i n h ngheo hen cua m i n h T h u o n g n h i e u b a o n h i e u , ba lai lo lang nhieu bay n l i i e u : "biel rang chung no c6 nudi not song qua dugc can doi khdt khong?" C u n g v o i noi lo au la cam giac t h u o n g xot, cam thong cho n g u o i dan ba m o i vB l a m dau m i n h "ngudi ta c6 gap bu&c kho khan, doi kho nguai ta moi lay minh Ma minh moi dugc CO vg" \a bang l o n g cho d o i tre "Thoi thi cdc cung da phai duyen phai kiep vai nhau, U cUng mimg long" C a m d p n g h o n nua la n g u o i m ? gia k h o n g nguoi khao khat hanh phiic N g u o i m? gan dat xa t r o i lai la n g u o i chan chua nhieu nhat nhu-ng h i v p n g , n o i nhieu nhat den t u o n g lai Ba da an u i m i n h bang trie't l i , bang n i e m t i n cua n g u o i ngheo: "Ai gidu ba ho, kho ba dai" D o la n i e m t i n rat d a n g tran t r g n g b o i no n o t r o n g hoan canh k h o n c i i n g Dac bi$t vao b u o i sang h o m sau n g u o i m? ay da c6 nhCrng thay d o i m o i me Ba day s o m c i i n g d a u t h u d o n , quet tuoc nha cua cho quang que Ba thay d o i t u net m a t "cdi mat bung beo u dm " hang cua ba h o m "rang han len" Cho den thai d p v u i ve, t u o i c u o i t r o n g bxxa an T r o n g hua c o m doi chi CO "liim ran chuoi thdi roi, it muo'i an vai chdo" n h u n g ba toan n o i chuyen vui, toan chuyen sung s u o n g sau H i n h anh d a n ga sinh soi n o cung la bieu hi?n cua n i e m t i n , khat v o n g hanh p h i i c t r o n g tarn h o n n g u o i m ? ngheo T r o n g hoan canh k h o n c i i n g v i d o i ngheo n g u a i m ^ ngheo k h o n g n g h i t o i cai chet m a h u o n g ve s u song, t u o n g lai , Nguoi v(? nhat thay doi tat ca chi sau mpt lai cau Hon nga ngh^ch cua Trang: M o i gap Ian dau "thj cuai tit mat" v o i Trang sau k h i day xe bo len doc tinh Gap go Ian t h u hai, t h i "sung sin, cong com, chao chdt, chong Ion" dpi an cho bang dupe T h i c h i n h la nan nhan ciia cai d o i Cai d o i l a m t h i xau d i ca n h a n hinh, nhan t i n h V i d o i m a t h j m i n h xuong, chap nhan cai tieng v p nhat, v p theo N h u n g t r o n g h a n h d p n g t u o n g lieu l i n h ay n g h i k l d o cOng la bieu hien cua n i e m khat khao song, khat khao hanh phiic Vi?c theo T r a n g ve l a m vg'/ vira de chay tro'n cai d o i n h u n g d o n g t h o i ciing la hanh d p n g d i t i m s u song, t i m hanh p h i i c cho m i n h T h i CO s\f thay d o i han Tren d u o n g ve nha t h j d i sau T r a n g ba, b o n bxxdc dau h o i c i i i , n o n rach che d i n u a mSt "ran ren, e then" N h i i n g chi tiet ve cu chi' ngoai h i n h cho thay ro t a m t r a n g cua m p t c6 d a u m o i k h i ve nha chong K h i ve t o i nha, n h i n thay gia canh cua Trang c i i n g chSng khac g i m i n h : "thi CO nen mot tieng tho dai" N h u n g n g u o i dan ba van thucmg true m p t n i e m j j i a t khao song, khat khao hanh phiic nen de dang chap n h a n hoan canh p i i n g truoc ba cu T u , t h i e t h ^ n , de dat, n o i nang l i n h i t r o n g c6 Sau k h i d u p e ba cu T i i d o n g y, t h i da thay d o i han t i n h each K h o n g eon nguai dan ba chao chat, chong Ion Trang gap h o m truoc, k h i da la nang dau t h i trd nen la n g u o i d a n ba hien hau, d i i n g m u c T h i day som quet tuoc nha cua, ciing m? T r a n g v o i uoc v p n g thay d o i hoan canh thuc t a i Su thay d o i ay chinh la thai d p v u n dap cho hanh phiic gia d i n h T r o n g bira c o m "hai mat thi toi sam lai" k h i n h i n thay bat chao cam n h u n g "thi van diem nhien vd vao mieng" K h i nghe tieng thiic thue^ t h i ngac nhien Ichi thay day van dong thue T h i noi v o i ba cu T u va Trang ve m a n Thai Nguyen, Bac Giang k h o n g d o n g t h u e h i i a , n g u o i ta c u o p thoc N h a t chia cho n g u o i d o i Cau chuyen ay cho thay da c6 m p t l u o n g gio m o i da thoi vao tam hon t h i C u n g n h u Trang, thj dang n g h i ve mai t u o i sang b T i n h h u o n g n a y cting da gay ngac n h i e n cho ca xom n g u cu, cho m? Trang, va ca b a n t h a n cua T r a n g n u a : T r u o c het la s u ngac n h i e n cua ca xom ngv c u : N h i n theo bong T r a n g va n g u o i dan ba, m o i n g u o i m p t suy n g h i khac nhau, c i i n g Agac nhien, phan van "ai day nhi? Hay Id nguai nha bd cu Tit duai que len", c6 n g u o i c u o i " hay Id vg anh cu Trdng?", c6 n g u o i t h u o n g hai "Biel c6 nudi noi qua cdi thai doi khdt khong?" D u o n g n h u "c6 cdi gi la liing vd tuoi mdt thoi vdo cugc song doi khdt, tdm toi ay cua ho" L u o n g gio mat ay chinh la y thiic ve su song, n i e m khao khat hanh phuc van t h u o n g true t r o n g tam hon nguoi dan x o m n g u c u T i e p den la s y ngac n h i e n cua ba cy T u : L a m ke xiet s u s i i n g so ciia ba t r o n g thay n g u o i d a n ba d u n g dau g i u o n g cua m i n h , lai chao niinh bang u nii'a Ba k h o n g the n g h i rang m i n h lai c6 v p , t r o n g cai thoi b u o i d o i k e m Ba cir "hap hdy cap mat cho da nhoen md cdng liic no cu nhoenmdi ra' Ngay ca n g u o i t r o n g cupc n h u T r a n g c u n g rat ngac n h i e n : T m h h u o n g cang bat ngo den hai huoc k h i c h i n h Trang cung van "nga ngdng" Ca den 'MC "ligSi giua nhd, den bay gia han van nga nga nhu khong phai Ra hin dd '^0 Vg day u?" M p i chuyen xay qua bat ngo, d u o n g n h u c h i la m o N g u o i '^an ba chi gap m o i hai Ian lai t r o v p han Q u a t i n h h u o n g t r u y ^ n vira b i l a i v u a h a i , tac p h a m da g o p p h a n the '^'^n t h a i d p cua n h a v a n d o i v o i n g u o i va t h u c t r a n g xa h p i d u o n g t h a i Nha van len an t p i ac cua b p n phat x i t N h a t , thuc d a n Phap va p h o n g kien sai da gay nan d o i k h u n g khiep nam 1945 Day d a n tpc ta vao canh t i i n g doi quay quat, kinh hoang "Nguai chet nhu ngd ra" Ljch su ghi l ^ i ngn d u j ghe sqi ay, tix Lang Son den Quang Tri, hem hai tri^u dong bao ta chet doi Thai dp cua nha van doi voi nguoi: Nha van xot xa va cam thuong sau sac voi noi kho ciia nguoi dan lanh K i m Lan thi^c su xot xa, ngai nh|n thay nguoi phai doi di^n v o i doi ret, nguoi bi re ning, coi thuong Nha v3n tran trpng, ton vinh nhiing pham chat to't d^p cua nguoi dan ngheo: D u doi mat v o i hoan canh song ngat ngheo, tam toi, nguai dan ngheo van luon thuong yeu, dum bpc, cxni mang Tham chi cang gieo neo, khon kho, hp cang thuong yeu That diing voi tinh than"Thucnig ngu&i nhu the thumg than", "La lanh diim la rach" day tinh nhan van cua dan tpc ta Quan trpng hon, nha van muon ngpi ca niem tin, niem lac quan yeu song ciia nguoi Vipt Nam Bdi map me ben vyc tham ciia cai chet, nguoi dan ngu cu van khong he bi quan, khong buong xuoi, mac su song ma rat yeu song, ham song That diing la "con da long mpc, choi cay" III KET B A I Tom lai, K i m Lan da xay dung nen mpt tinh huong truyen dpc dao, hap dan ciia thien truyen Qua thay dupe gia tri hipn thyc va nhan dao sau sac ciia tac pham.Tac pham ciia Kim Lan chinh la mpt bai ca ve su song, la loi khich 1$ dpng vien nguoi phai biet huong toi su song, tin tuong tuong lai 5;Phan tich gia tri nhan djio tac pham " V g n h a f cua Kim Lan HUdNG D A N C H I TIET I M6BAI Kim Lan la mpt nha nhan dao chii nghla Tac pham ciia ong la tieng noi cam thong toi nhiing phan nguoi day kho dau duoi day xa hpi T u ong cat len tieng keu cuu khan thiet toi nguoi Truypn ngan " V p nhat" v o i gia trj nhan dao sau sac ciing la tieng keu ay ma nha van muon mang den cho chiing ta n T H A N B A I Khai quat: Tac pham "Vp nhat" trich tap truyen "Con cho xau x i " T r u y f n dupe viet sau Cach mang voi ten gpi "Xom ngu cu" Nhung that lac ban thao nen sau hoa binh lap lai, tac gia da viet lai "V ?r, -Mid r»?f" -T' jioh canh tro treu ay - My Ngay sau la bieu dien trich doan Cdi chei cua anh hang thit cho Hoi thdo San khauchauAtqiHdNgi" - '^^^ d u n g day t u o n m p t trang dpc thoai day (Jau kho "Khong! Khong! Toi khong muon song nhu the mdi! Toi chdn cdi cho a ? ; P h a n tich tan B i k i c h cua hon T n r o n g Ba doan trich v kich fchdng p/ifli Id cua toi Idm roi! Cdi than thekenh cdng tho lo nay, ta bat dau sa mi, la chi muon red xa mi tuc khac! Neu cdi hon cua ta c6 hinh thit rieng nhi, de no duac " H o n T r u a n g Ba, da hang thit" ( L m i Q u a n g V u ) lach khoi than xdc nay, dii chi mot Idt" L o i dpc thoai cho tha'y n g u o i d a n g HLTdNG D A N CHI TIET tr^ng thai u uat, be tac, k h o n g l o i thoat H o n dau kho, dan vat, quan bach den f I M B A I Cling c\rc, k h o n g the chiu d u n g day v h o n dupe nira L a i n o i , p h u d i n h : khong, L u u Q u a n g V u la nha viet kich xuat sac nhat cua nen k i c h n o i Viet Nam khdng muon song T a m trang t h i chan nan, b u o n buc, chi m u o n "tdch cdi xdc Tac p h a m ciia o n g la n h i i n g buc t h o n g di^p g u i t o i n g u o i doc n g u o i xerri ^ay, dii chi mot Idt" Va t r o n g su khat khao tach bach ay, h o n da dupe tach n h i i n g van de xa h o i c6 t i n h nhan van sau sac M o t t r o n g n h i j n g tac p h a m da Idioi the xac v o n k h o n g p h a i cua hon va m a n d o i thoai bat d a u l a m nen ten t u o i cua L u u Q u a n g V u chinh la v k i c h " H o n T r u a n g Ba, da Trong m a n d o i thoai ta thay l u p t l a i ciia T r u a n g Ba rat i t i H o n l a i de hang t h i t " D a y la m o t tac p h a m chua d u n g n h i e u gia t r j c6 chieu sau trie't ly bi xac kich d p n g M o d a u xac nhao bang hon "Hoi cdi linh hon ma nhat ciia ong t h o n g qua tan bi k i c h ciia nhan vat chinh - nhan vat T r u o n g Ba ' II.THANBAI Trucmg Ba kho'n khokia Ong khdng the tdch duac khoi toi duac dau Dii toi chi la " K h a i q u a t : V d kjch " H o n T r u a n g Ba, da hang t h i t " g o m V I I h o i , duoc chuyen the tu m p t cau chuy^n d a n gian T r u a n g Ba v o n la m p t n g u a i luong than xdc" T r u o c s u c u o i ept cua xac, h o n vira ngae n h i e n lai v u a uat uc "A, may cQng CO tieng noi a? V6 li, may khdng theco tieng noi md chi Id xdc thit dm u, dui mil" K h i b i k h i e u k h i c h "Co that the khong?" H o n ehpt d u o i l y "Neu c6 thi chi Id thi^n, hien lanh, cham chi, g i o i d a n h ca, c6 hgc t h u c O n g dug-c mpi n g u a i ne nhiing thie thdp kern md bat ky mot thii ndo cung c6 duac Them an ngon, them t r p n g , chau het m u c k i n h yeu N h u n g r o i cai n g u a i dang k i n h ay da ruau thit " T r o n g l o i n o i ciia T r u o n g Ba ta tha'y hon da bupc phai cong nhan chet mpt each v li Cai chet cua T r u a n g Ba la s u v t a m v a tac trach cua su CO m a t ciia xac, d o n g y xac c6 tieng n o i D u o n g n h u hai l o i thoai tren ciia N a m Tao (bat chet nham) Sau N a m Tao va Bac D a u d o i sua sai de tra Truang Ba t r o n g m a n d o i thoai la dai nhat, m a n h me nhat Sau do, h o n chi T r u a n g Ba ve coi tran N h u n g sy sua sai ciia N a m Tao va Bac D a u theo loi im lang va dau d o n de nghe xac thSng the Xac hang t h j t biet ro n h i i n g co'gang k h u y e n cua De T h i c h n h a m tra lai cong bang cho T r u a n g Ba lai day T r u a n g Ba la v ich, da c u o i nhao h o n T r u o n g Ba, tuyen bo've sue m a n h am u , d u i m u vao m p t nghich canh v li h o n ghe g o m ciia m i n h "Co day, xdc thit c6 tieng noi day Chinh vi dm u dui mil nen toi Theo t u d i e n v a n hpc, bi k i c h la m a u thuan giira khat v p n g , hoai bao, li noi CO site manh ghe gh&m Idm Ian at duac cdi linh hon cao khiei cua ong" t u o n g cua ca nhan v a i thuc tai T h v c tai chua dii d i e u k i f n cho ca nhan thuc Xac da chi s y tha hoa ciia hon bang n h i i n g c h u n g e i i k h i e n h o n k h o n g hi?n khat v p n g , ly t u o n g cua m i n h nen r a i vao that bai, t h a m chi dan den cai fhe choi cai Xac d a n dat H o n vao s u that k h o n g the p h i i n h a n - H o n i t nhieu chet t h a m t h u o n g H i e u theo nghia t h o n g t h u a n g la n o i d a u k h o v xe dai