được dùng một cách lịch sự trong câu mệnh lệnh và yêu cầu.. 2” I hear that the Jenkinses lost all their money gambling in Las Vegas” “ Now they wish they………” A have never gone B never g
Trang 1Chapter 9: CÁC LOẠI MẪU CÂU THƯỜNG GẶP I) :WISH CLAUSE(MỆNH ĐỀ AO ƯỚC)
1. Future Wish :
SUBJECT + WISH(ES) (THAT) SUBJECT +WOULD/COULD +V
Ex1: He is studying very hard at maths,chemist and biology.
He wishes he would be a doctor in the future
Ex2: Hoa is living in HaNoi for her study.She misses her parents in Hue
She wishes she could visit them every day
***Note : Nhóm từ I wish you would… và I wish you wouldn’t… được dùng một cách
lịch sự trong câu mệnh lệnh và yêu cầu
Ex 1: I wish you would stay here
Ex 2 : I wish you could help me
1. Present Wish :
SUBJECT + WISH(ES) (THAT) SUBJECT +V(past form)
Ex1: She isn’t a manager
She wishes she were a manager
Ex2:Ba only gets mark 4 for his English test
He wishes that he got mark 10
3) Past wish :
SUBJECT + WISH(ES) (THAT) SUBJECT + HAD +V(past participle)
Ex1: I ‘m sorry that I didn’t go to the party last Sunday.
I wish that I had gone to the party last Sunday
Ex2: It ‘s a pity that you were not here last weekend.
I wish you had been here last weekend.
EXERCISE 1 : Use the correct form of the verbs in parentheses :
1) I wish I ( own) an automobile
2) John wishes He (be ) _ a mechanical engineer now
3) I wish I (go ) to the movie with you last night
4) I wish I (have ) today off I ‘d go swimming
5) I wish that ,for just a day , I (be ) _President of the United States
6) I wish ,when a boy, I ( study ) French instead of English
7) I wish I ( can ) help you ,but I can’t
8) I wish I ( not spend ) so much money yesterday
EXERCISE 2 :Begin the sentences with I wish you would… or I wish you wouldn’t…
With the following phrases to make suitable sentences :
1) Come back in an hour
2) Miss Smith ,type this letter right away
3) Write this exercise in ink
4) Don’t write your composition in pencil
5) Help me with this problem
6) Wait a few minutes
* EXERCISE 3 :SENTENCES TRANSFORMATION
1. I can’t play the guitar
I
wish………
………
2)He is sorry that he hasn’t done his homework
Trang 2He
wishes………
………
3)I didn’t meet them at the party
I
wish………
………
4)I am not good at English
I
wish………
………
5)It is a party I didn’t take a trip last week
I
wish………
………
6) Tom is not very tall
He
wishes………
………
7) Mary doesn’t have a brother
She
wishes………
………
8) He is not here now
I
wish………
………
9) I have never been in Hanoi
I
wish………
………
10) He can’t speak English very well although he has learned it for 6 years
He
wishes………
………
* EXERCISE 4 :MULTIPLE CHOICE TEST
1. “Joe has three sisters,doesn’t he?”
“No wonder he wishes he ……….a brother
2)” I hear that the Jenkinses lost all their money gambling in Las Vegas”
“ Now they wish they………”
A) have never gone B) never go C)never went D) had never gone 3)” My daughter wants to go to Disneyland.”
“Many children wish they ………there.”
A) can go B) will go C) could go D)go
4)“ Monica is such a nice person ”
“Yes.I wish I………her more often”
5)“Are you coming to the gym ?”
“I wish I……….,but I have to work.”
A) had B) could C) will D) could have
II) CÂU VỚI ĐỘNG TỪ : SUPPOSED TO ( GIẢ SỬ )
* Chúng ta dùng supposed để diển tả một bổn phận hoặc một dự tính Chúng ta
có thể dùng ở thì hiện tại hoặc quá khứ
Ex : Mr Smith is supposed to be here
Trang 3Ex : They were supposed to arrive last night
*EXERCISE :Fill in the blanks with the verb to be supposed
1) They (send) the merchandise last night
2) The ship (sail) _ at two o ‘clock this afternoon
3) He (come) _at four o ‘clock yesterday afternoon
4) John (bring) _the book with him
5) That letter (write) _ yesterday
III) CÂU VỚI ĐỘNG TỪ used to( thường hay)
* Used to được dùng để diển tả một thói quen ở quá khứ và thói quen đó không còn tồn tại ở hiện tại nữa
Ex: I used to smoke.(Now I don’t smoke)
Ex: He used to teach English.( Now he doesn’t teach English)
** Exercise : In each sentence,use used to in place of the bold words
1. I walked to work ->
2. John was a good student and worked hard
->
3. I bought all my clothes in Macy ‘s ->
4. I never made so many mistakes in spelling
-
5. John played the violin -
IV) CÂU VỚI ĐỘNG TỪ be used to( thường hay,quen với )
Be used to + V-ing / phrase
*
* Be used to có thể diển tả thói quen ở hiện tại hoặc quá khứ
* Ex : Women are used to being independent
Women are used to earning their own money
She was used to living alone
*Exercise 1:Complete the following sentences with USED TO and the proper form of the verb in
parentheses.
1) I ‘m quite hard work
2) I ‘m quite ( work ) hard
3) She ‘s not (be ) _laughed at
4) I (have ) my phtographs taken
5) I ‘ve lived in Ho Chi Minh city for a long time now ,so I ‘m quite (drive) _around
*Exercise 2:Complete the sentences with use, used to +infinitive ,Or be used to:
1) If you (not) _your English ,you ‘ll forget it
2) My father _smoke apack of cigarettes a day ,but now he has given it up
3) I heavy traffic in this city
4) Life here is much easier than it be
5) Do you know how to _a computer ?
6) We speaking English to our teacher
7) He be an excellent footballer,but now he is too old to play
8) My teacher _ teaching six hours a day
9) May I your textbook ?
10) When my father was young ,he was (walk) _ long distances ,but now he is out of practice
*Exercise 3 : Make sentences with BE USED TO ,using these cues
a) get up early.
_
b) stay up late to watch live sports programmes on TV
_
c) study for long hour
_
Trang 4d) live in the countryside.
_
e) go on picnics at weekends
_
f) hot weather
_
g) English conversation in class
_
V) CÂU VỚI ĐỘNG TỪ would rather…than( thích… hơn)
Would rather +V …than +V
*
Ex 1: I would rather watch TV than go to a movie
Ex 2: He would rather walk than take a taxi
**Note :Trong đàm thoại hằng ngày ,ta thường rút gọn would rather ’d rather
Ex 1: I’d rather watch TV than go to a movie
Ex 2: He’d rather walk than take a taxi
*** Exercise :Change the following sentences using’d rather
1. I prefer to wait outside. -> _
2. We prefer to spend the Summer at home instead of in the countryside
-
3. The doctor says that he prefers to examine you in his office
- _
4. I prefer to speak with her in private
- _
5. I prefer to see a good movie rather than go to the opera
_
VI) CÂU VỚI ĐỘNG TỪ had better ( tốt hơn…nên/thích hợp hơn)
had better + V
*
*Example : You had better see a doctor
She had better come back later
* Note :Trong đàm thoại hằng ngày ,ta thường rút gọn had better ’d better
*Example : You’d better see a doctor
She’d better come back later
***Exercise :Use’d better to change the following sentences:
1. It will be better if you come back later
- You’d better come back later
2. It will be better if she rests a while
- _
3. It will be better if she doesn’t see him again
_
4. It will be better if you don’t mention this to anyone
- _
5. It is advisable that you tell them the truth
- _
VII) CÂU VỚI CÁC TRẠNG TỪ :still ( vẫn còn ) ,not…any more/ not… any
longer (không… còn nữa )= no longer
1. Still được đặt trước động từ thường / sau động từ to be, nó cho biết vài hành động
vẫn còn tiếp tục
Ex : He is still working in that office.
They still live in that house
2) No longer : trái ngược với Still , No longer được đặt trước động từ thường / sau động từ to be , nó cho biết một vài hoạt động không còn xảy ra nữa.
Trang 5Ex 1: He is no longer working in that office.
They no longer live in that house
**Note : Dạng khác của no longer là not… any more hoặc not ….any longer
Ex 2: He is not working in that office any more.
They don’t live in that house any more.
Ex 3 : He is not working in that office any longer.
They don’t live in that house any longer.
***Note 2: Trạng từ No longer có thể đặt ở đầu câu nhưng chúng ta phải thực hiện
việc đảo ngữ giữa trợ động từ và chủ từ ( INVERSIONS)
Ex : Women no longer bear a lot of children
- No longer do women bear a lot of children
*** Một số trạng từ khác có thể được đặt đầu câu ở dạng đảo ngữ như No longer như : NEVER ( không bao giờ), SELDOMới( ít khi ), RARELY ( hiếm khi), NO SOONER (chẳng bao lâu ), HARDLY ( khó mà ), ONLY WHEN (chỉ khi )…
Ex :
EXERCISE 1 :Fill in the blanks with still or any more :
1. He doesn’t study in this class………
2. She is ……….working as a clerk in this company
3. We never see you at the school dance………
4. We………are good friends although I rarely see them………
EXERCISE 2: Rewrite the sentences provided into the negative form,follow the example :
Ex : Women no longer bear a lot of children
-Women don’t bear a lot of children any more / any longer
1) She is still delaying having children
2. My mother still spends 14 hours a day doing housework
3. She still takes care of her daily housework in 14 hours
4. It is still raining
EXERCISE 3: Use the adverb No longer at the beginning of the sentences :
1) 1) She is no longer delaying having children
2. My mother no longer spend 14 hours a day doing housework
3. She no longer takes care of her daily housework in 14 hours
4. It is no longer raining
VIII ) EMPHATIC SENTENCES ( phép nhấn câu )
* Chúng ta dùng các trợ động từ như DO ,DOES và DID trong câu xác định để trình
bày sự nhấn mạnh hoặc cảm thấy chắc chắn về vấn đề gì đó
Ex : She knows him (normal) She does know him.( she is sure )
Ex 2 : I called you last night (normal) - I did call you last night ( sure)
* Chúng ta có thể thể hiễn sự nhấn mạnh này trong câu mệnh lệnh
Ex : Sit down -> Do sit down
IX) TAG QUESTIONS :
* Ta dùng câu hỏi đuôi để hỏi lại môït việc gì đó mà có lẽ ta đã biết câu trả lời rồi.
1) Tag Endings in affirmative sentences ( câu khẳng định ) :
Theo quy tắc là : ta dùng câu hỏi đuôi thể phủ định sau câu xác định ( trước khẳng
sau phủ )
Ex : He can speak English , can’t he ?
+ She is an American ,isn’t she ?
Trang 6+You live in Co Do ,don’t you ?
+They went home , didn’t they ?
2) Tag Endings in negative sentences (câu phủ định ) :
Theo quy tắc là : ta dùng câu hỏi đuôi thể khẳng định sau câu phủ định (trước phủ
sau khẳng)
Ex : He can’t speak English , can he ?
+ She isn’t an American ,is she ?
+You don’t live in Co Do , do you ?
+They didn’t go home , did they ?
* Exercise 1: Complete the dialogues with the correct tag :
a) Jim: You have read this article on the website , _ ?
Lina : Not yet
b) Minh : Baird produced the first TV picture in 1926 , _?
Yes ,he did
c) Thu : A daily newspaper was published in Germany in 1550 , ?
Tri : No ,it wasn’t It was in 1650
d) Ha : You don’t like playing compuetr games , ?
Thanh : Yes , I do But I don’t have much time for it
e) Mai : We are going to have cable TV soon , ?
Thang :Yes , I think so
* Work with a parner Look at the table Ask and answer the questions about television programs these people like and dislike Use tag questions
Key : v = like x = don’t like
Example :
a. A : Tuan likes news , doesn’t he ?
B:Yes , he does
b. A : Mai and Anh don’t like news , do they ?
B:No ,they don’t
Programs Tuan Hanh Mai Anh
1 News v v x x
2 Movies x x v v
3 Music x v x x
4 Sports v x x v
5 Quizzes x v x v
6 Games x x v x
7 English lessons v x x x
8 Cartoons x v v x
Exercise 1:
X) CÂU VỚI TỪ THAY THẾ :TOO / SO – ( cũng thế / như vậy )
* Để tránh nhắc lại các từ hoặc nhóm từ ,chúng ta dùng too hoặc so và một
trợ động từ riêng cho nó.
Ex 1: He speaks English and she speaks English
He speaks English and she does too
- He speaks English and so does she ?
Ex 2 :I went to New York and John went to New York
- I went to New York and John did too
I went to New York and so did John
Exercise 1 : Rút ngắn những câu sau với Too
1. He wants to go there and she wants to go there
_
2. Mary left right after lunch and John left right after lunch
Trang 7
3. She is going to the concert and I am going to the concert.
4. John will be here at ten o ‘clock and I will be here at ten o ‘clock
5. She wanted to go to a movie and I wanted to go to a movie
6. Smith has gone back to Europe and his wife has gone back to Europe
7. He can speak French and she can speak French
8. I have had lunch and Mary has had lunch
Exercise 2 : Rút ngắn những câu sau với so
9. He wants to go there and she wants to go there.
_
10. Mary left right after lunch and John left right after lunch
11. She is going to the concert and I am going to the concert
12. John will be here at ten o ‘clock and I will be here at ten o ‘clock
13. She wanted to go to a movie and I wanted to go to a movie
14. Smith has gone back to Europe and his wife has gone back to Europe
15. He can speak French and she can speak French
16. I have had lunch and Mary has had lunch
XI) CÂU VỚI TỪ THAY THẾ :EITHER / NEITHER – ( chẳng /cũng chẳng)
Chúng ta dùng too và so để tránh lập lại trong câu xác định còn chúng ta dùng Either và Neither để tránh lập lại trong câu phủ định.
Ex 1: : He doesn’t speak English and she doesn’t speak English
He doesn’t speak English and she doesn’t either
- He doesn’t speak English and neither does she ?
Ex 2 :I didn’t go to New York and John didn’t go to New York
- I didn’t go to New York and John didn’t either
I didn’t go to New York and neither did John
Exercise 1 : Rút ngắn những câu sau với either
17. He doesn’t want to go there and she doesn’t want to go there
_
18. Mary didn’t leave right after lunch and John didn’t leave right after lunch
19. She isn’t going to the concert and I am not going to the concert
20. John will not be here at ten o ‘clock and I will not be here at ten o ‘clock
21. She didn’t want to go to a movie and I didn’t want to go to a movie
22. Smith hasn’t gone back to Europe and his wife hasn’t gone back to Europe
23. He can’t speak French and she can’t speak French
24. I haven’t had lunch and Mary hasn’t had lunch
Trang 8
Exercise 2 : Rút ngắn những câu sau với neither
25. He doesn’t want to go there and she doesn’t want to go there
_
26. Mary didn’t leave right after lunch and John didn’t leave right after lunch
27. She isn’t going to the concert and I am not going to the concert
28. John will not be here at ten o ‘clock and I will not be here at ten o ‘clock
29. She didn’t want to go to a movie and I didn’t want to go to a movie
30. Smith hasn’t gone back to Europe and his wife hasn’t gone back to Europe
31. He can’t speak French and she can’t speak French
32. I haven’t had lunch and Mary hasn’t had lunch
FOCUS on : CONNECTED STATEMENTS & TAG – QUESTIONS
1/ They never came to class late , and
a neither did we b so did we c we did either d neither we did
2/ My wife had never been to Hue , and I
a never have b neither have c neither had d neither did
3/ They are studying pronunciation with Mr Brown , _ ?
a are they b aren’t they c do they d don’t they
4/ She should have obeyed her parents , _ she ?
a should b should have c shouldn’t have d shouldn’t
5/ My father doesn’t speak Chinese, and _
a my mother does neither b my mother doesn’t too
c neither does my mother d so doesn’t my mother
6/ The air – hotess knows the time that plane is due to take off , _ ?
a doesn’t she b isn’t it c doesn’t she d did she
7/ This is the second time she has been here , _ ?
a has she b hasn’t she c isn’t this d isn’t it
8/ They must do as they are told , _
a so must I b I must either c I do too d I am too 9/ “ I don’t like strong coffee” - “ No , _ ”
a I don’t too b either don’t I c me either d neither don’t I 10/ He hardly has anything nowadays , ?
a has he b doesn’t he c does he d hasn’t he
11/You’ve never been in Italy, _ ?
a haven’t you b have you c been you d had you 12/ Sally turned in her report , _ ?
a had she b did she c hadn’t she d didn’t she
13/ You have a ticket to the game, _?
a do you b haven’t you c don’t you d have you
14/ Tom knows Alice Reed, _ ?
15/ We should call Rita , ?
a should we b shouldn’t we c shall we d should not we 16/ Monkeys can’t sing , ?
a can they b can’t they c can it d can’t it
17/ These books aren’t yours , _ ?
a are these b aren’t these c are they d aren’t they
18/ That’s Bob’s , _ ?
Trang 9a is that b isn’t that c is it d isn’t it
19/ No one died in the accident , ? ( British English )
a didn’t they b did he c didn’t he d did they
20/ I’m right , _ ?
a aren’t I b amn’t I c am not I d not I am
XII ) CÂU VỚI TRỢ ĐỘNG TỪ : must have /may have: dùng để diển tả một sự suy
diển lôgic về một sự việc trong quá khứ ( logical inference in the past )
+Must have cho ta biết khả năng một sự việc theo suy diển là chắc chắn đã xảy ra trong
quá khứ
+May have cho ta biết khả năng một sự việc theo suy diển là có khả năng là đã xảy ra
trong quá khứ
S + Must have + p.p
* Nhưng cả hai trợ động từ này đều được theo sau bởi một qúa khứ phân từ ( V 3 hoặc V-ed )
S + May have + p.p
Must have
Ex 1 : Nancy Lee couldn’t remember how she was able to get home She guessed that she must
have danced all the way home
Ex 2 :I am trying to find my keys in my bag but I can’t find them I guess that I may have left my
keys at home or I may have lost them somewhere I am not sure
*Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks with Must have OR May have
1) She taken the book by mistake
2) They don’t answer the phone ;they gone away on their vacation
3) They been wealthy at one time ,but I doubt it
4) They think now that the jewels _stolen by one of the servants
5) William got very good marks on his examinations ; he studied very hard for his exam 6) It been John or it been mary who told them about it
7) He speaks English very well; he _learned it for a long time
8) He and Helen are not friends any more ;they said good-bye after that big argument
**Exercise 2: Make logical inference ,using the cues in brackets:
1. Nancy Lee won the scholarship.( be very happy)
2. The committee did not let Nancy Lee get the scholarship (be very disappointed)
3. Nancy Lee had tears on her face.( weep a lot )
4. Nancy Lee made a lot of good paintings ( have talent in art )
Exercise 3 :Answer the following questions and add “I am not sure “ at the end of each answer”
1. Did professor Smith learn Spanish in South America ?
2. Did Helen call while I was out ?
3. Was Mr Reese born in this country or Europe ?
4. Did Mary and Helen have a quarrel ?
XIII) CÂU CẢM THÁN ( Exclamatory sentences)
+ Khi muốn nhấn mạnh một danh từ ,ta bắt đầu câu cảm thán với từ What:
Ex 1:What a beautiful day ! Ex 2: what a pretty girl !
What + (a /an ) +adjective +Noun !
Trang 10+ Khi muốn nhấn mạnh một tính từ hoặc trạng từ ,ta bắt đầu câu cảm thán với từ
How:
Ex 1: How tall she is ! Ex 2 : How well he swims !
How +adj +S + (be) ; How +adv +S + V !
EXERCISE :Use Exclamatory sentences to express these sentences :
1)She is a very graceful girl ………> What _!
1. The meal was excellent ……….> What _ !
2. You have a beautiful home…… > What !
3. He is a fast runner ……… > How fast !
4. She sang very beautifully………> How _ !
S+ BE+ADJ.+THAT CLAUSE S+BE+ADJ.+TO INFINITIVE
XIV)
Ex 1 : We were careful that we said the right thing
………> We were careful to say the right thing.
Exercise :
1. I ‘m sorry that I have to leave
I ‘m
2) He ‘s delighted that he knows the answer
He ‘s _
2. We were surprised that we saw you in town
We were
3. She ‘s pleased that she ‘s making progress
She ‘s _
4. We ‘re sure that we ‘ll hear the news
We ‘re _
5. They were satisfied that they came in second
They were
S+BE+ADJ +TO INF IT +BE+ADJ.+TO INF.
XV)
Ex : He ‘s nice to talk to ………> It ‘s nice to talk to him
1. Those things are good to know……… > It ‘s good
2. You weren’t easy to recognize……… > It wasn’t
3. Her house is convenient to go to …….> It ‘s
4. His pronunciation is hard to understand…… > It ‘s _
5. The solution wasn’t difficult to figure out… > It wasn’t
6. Good friends are wonderful to have ……….> It ‘s _
7. A thing like that isn’t possible to forget…… > It isn’t
8. Is this water all right to drink ? ……….> Is it
XVI) DOUBLE COMPARATIVES :
IF +S2+V2+ Comparaitve adj./adv +S1+v1+ Comparaitve adj./adv
The + Comparaitve adj./adv.+S2+V2,The+ Comparaitve adj./adv.+S1+V1
Ex 1: If you work harder ,you make more products