Kiểm tra ngữ pháp chapter 13 sentences and its parts

The Sentence and its parts Câu và các thành phần của câuSentence Câu Main clause Mệnh đề chính Subordinate clause Mệnh đề phụ Adjective clause Who, which, where… Mệnh đề tính từ Adverb c

I) The Sentence and its parts Câu và các thành phần của câu

Sentence

Câu

Main clause

Mệnh đề chính

Subordinate clause

Mệnh đề phụ

Adjective clause

Who, which, where…

Mệnh đề tính từ

Adverb clause

Because, although, if…

Mệnh đề trạng từ

Noun clause

That, what, why, how, … Mệnh đề danh từ

MỆNH ĐỀ CHÍNH VÀ MỆNH ĐỀ PHỤ

Mệnh đề chính có một chủ ngữ và một động từ, và có thể đứng độc lập như là một câu:

Mệnh đề phụ có một chủ ngữ và một động từ, nhưng phụ thuộc vào mệnh đề chính mới có nghĩa Mệnh đề phụ không thể đứng độc lập:

Main clause Subject + verb Subordinate clause Subject + verb

The admissions office telephoned after you left

Main clause subordinate clause

Câu phức có mệnh đề chính và một mệnh đề phụ hoặc hơn (Các) mệnh đề phụ có thể làm chức năng tính từ, trạng từ, hoặc danh từ

Main clause Subject + verb Subordinate clause Subject + verb Subordinate clause

+Mệnh đề tính từ bắt đầu bằng một đại từ như who, which, where, whose, whom, that,

và theo ngay sau danh từ hoặc đại từ mà nó miêu tả:

Main clause

Adjective clause

Who / whose / whom

Which / that

where

Earthworms are insects which are active at night

+Mệnh đề trạng từ bắt đầu bằng một liên từ phụ như before, after ,because, although, if, while, when , as ,as soon as ,until, no sooner …than v.v

Main clause

Adverb clause

before, because

although, if

while, after

Columbus discovered America while he was looking for India

Nếu mệnh đề trạng từ bắt đầu câu, nó được tách rời với mệnh đề chính bằng dấu phẩy:

While he was looking for india, Columbus discovered America

+Mệnh đề danh từ bắt đầu bằng từ that hoặc một nghi vấn từ như what, why, where,

how:

Main clause

Noun clause

That …

What …

Why …

How …

Where …

I was not surprised by what she wrote

Main clause Noun clause

EXERCISE 1

Find the subordinate clauses in these sentences Tìm các mệnh đề phụ trong những câu sau

1. A bee performs a special dance, when it has found food, to inform the others about it

2. Most people will be happy if the law to reduce taxes is passed

3. The house where Shakespeare live has been visited by millions of people

4. Many people came to California in the 1860s believing that they would find gold

5. All the offices are closed because it is the Fourth of July

6. Mother’s Day, which is celebrated in May, has been observed since 1914

7. Benjamin Franklin, who was a famous statesman, was also a scientist and an author

8. Although we call them shooting stars, meteorites are bits of matter from other planets entering the earth’s atmosphere

Main clause Adjective clause

Which

That

Who

Whom*

Where

When

Whom thường không được dùng trong văn nói tiếng Anh; who được dùng thay Whom được dùng trong văn viết tiếng Anh trịnh trọng

He is the man who I told you about (spoken)

He is the man about whom I told you (formal written)

Ghi chú: Chú ý vị trí của giới từ about.

Mệnh đề tính từ thường được bắt đầu bằng một từ như which, that, who, whom, where hoặc when:

A cure for the common cold, which is caused by a virus, has not been found

A person whose blood pressure is high may have heart disease

Alexander, who was a great general, was an ambitious man

Đôi khi từ giới thiệu như which, whom, that, được bỏ đi:

That is the book which you gave me for my birthday

(Omitted) That is the book you gave me for my birthday

Như mệnh đề danh từ, mệnh đề tính từ cũng có thể bắt đầu từ that, nhưng chỉ có mệnh đề tính từ được bắt đầu từ which.

EXERCISE 2

Choose one word or phrase, (A), (B), (C), or (D) to complete the sentence:

Chọn một từ hoặc cum từ, (A), (B), (C), hoặc (D) để hoàn chỉnh câu:

1 Alexander Fleming, , received the Nobel prize in 1945

(A) who discovered penicillin (B) which discovered penicillin

(C) he discovered penicillin (D) that discovered penicillin

2 John James Audubon, who was a naturalist and an artist, wrote a great work called Birds of America

(A) which it is (B) which is (C) whom is (D) is

3 Immigrants after 1880 settled mainly in large cities

(A) which came to America (B) they came to America

(C) came to America (D) who came to America

4 Hawaii, which is part of a group of islands, _ active volcanoes

(A) that has (B) which has (C) has (D) who has

5 In the ear, just above the cochlea, there are three small semi-circular canals _ as an organ of balance

(A) that function together (B) function together

(C) are function together (D) they function together

6 Amsterdam, Holland, which is sometimes called the Venice of Northern Europe, (A) which has many canals (B) it has many canals

(C) with many canals (D) has many canals

7 The Egyptians constructed walls and embankments marvel even today

(A) they are considered (B) which are considered

(C) are considered (D) who are considered

8 Ernest Hemingway, a novelist and short-story writer, developed a prose style (A) who influenced an entire generation of authors (B) influenced an entire generation of authors (C) that influenced an entire generation of authors

(D) has influenced an entire generation of authors

Mệnh đề phụ trạng từ có thể được giới thiệu bằng các liên từ phụ sau:

Time

Thời gian After, before, since, when, while, whenever, as, as soon as, once,until, as/so long as, by the time (that), now that Manner

Thể cách

As if, as though

Condition

Điều kiện

If, unless, even if, only if, in case (that), whether or not, in the event (that), provided (that)

Cause and Effect

Nguyên nhân và kết

quả

Because, since, so (that), in order (that)

Opposition

Đối lập

Although, while, though, even though, whereas

Comparison

When we went to Rome, we saw the Coliseum

(time)

Even if it rains, the competition will be held outside

(condition)

They went on a field trip although it was raining

(opposition)

EXERCISE 3

Fill in the blanks with one of the words from (A), (B), (C), or (D)

Điền vào chỗ trống bằng một trong các từ chọn trong (A), (B), (C) hoặc (D)

1 It looked dark and heavy _ it was going to rain

(A) although (B) unless (C) as if (D) whereas

2 _ I get your call, I will leave

(A) As soon as(B) As though (C) By the time (D) Now that

3 he had read the instructions several times, he knew what to do

(A) Whereas (B) After (C) Until (D) While

4 he cannot afford a car, he rides a bicycle

(A) Unless (B) Whereas (C) Though (D) Because

5 _ the cities do not provide better and cheaper mass transportation, the traffic problem will get worse

(A) So that (B) Even though (C) If (D) Before

6 you go to Canada, you should visit Toronto

7 riding a bicycle is good leg exercise, it does not use up a lot of calorie

(A) As (B) Although (C) Because (D) S that

8 She tuned off the cassette player _ she could study

(A) now that (B) even if (C) so that (D) in case

Main clause

Noun clause

Which…

What…

When…

Where…

Who…

How…

Whose…

Why…

Mệnh đề danh từ có thể bắt đầu bằng một từ nghi vấn như what, where, how, why…:

Subject

Chủ ngữ

What she wears is exciting

Why she failed was clear

Object Túc từ

I don’t know why he said that

We were told where to mail it

Main clause

Say

Feel

Think

Believe

Rumour

Report

Noun clause

That…

Mệnh đề danh từ có thể làm chức năng túc từ sau các động từ saying, thinking, believing, và feeling, và bắt đầu bằng từ that:

I felt that he was telling the truth

You said that it would be difficult

Trong mệnh đề danh từ làm chức năng túc từ, đôi khi từ that có thể bỏ đi

The students felt that the test was too difficult

(Omitted) The students felt the test was too difficult

Identify the noun clauses, if any, in the following sentences:

Nhận biết các mệnh đề danh từ, nếu có, trong các câu sau:

1 The professor stated quite clearly that all the papers would have to be given in next week

2 The students felt their assignments were too time-consuming

3 In the last five minutes, the professor always reviewed his lecture

4 John was worried about his grade point average

5 We were always told what to study for the final

6 The office did not know how much next year’s tuition would be

7 The girl will tell you where to pick up the registration package

8 Each group cheered for their team as they scored their points

(E) Test on the sentence and its parts

BÀI KIỂM TRA VỀ CÂU VÀ CÁC THÀNH PHẦN CỦA CÂU

Time: 5 minutes Thời gian: 5 phút

Choose the one word or phrase, (A), (B), (C), or (D), that best completes the sentence:

Chọn từ hoặc cụm từ (A), (B), (C), hoặc (D) để hoàn chỉnh câu đúng nhất:

1 Fish have nostrils _are used for smelling, not for breathing

2 the Industrial Revolution came to America, the majority of the population lived

in rural areas

(A) Before (B) During (C) Because (D) So that

3 The commercial bottle cork is obtained from the cork oak, in the Mediterranean region (A) who grows (B) is growing (C) growing (D) which grows

4 Pearl Buck, who was the first American woman to win a Nobel prize for literature, for her novel The Good Earth

(A) who is best known (B) which is best known (C) is best known (D) best known

5 Kelps are valuable to man for fertilizer they contain chemical elements

6 , which was purchased from Russia in 1867, is the largest state in the U.S

(A) Alaska (B) When Alaska (C) It is Alaska (D) Alaska is that

7 It is believed causes insomnia

(A) too much caffeine which (B) that too much caffeine

(C) it is too much caffeine (D) too much caffeine that

8 Earthworms breathe through their skin must be kept moist

(A) and which (B) they (C) which (D) who

9 Seafood higher in sodium than fish from fresh water

(A) are (B) which are (C) that are (D) they are

10 Early settlers in America believed that an over-supply of blood some diseases (A) has caused(B) it caused (C) caused (D) that caused

11 _, a famous hunter, was chiefly responsible for opening up the upper part of the old Southwest

(A) It is Daniel Boone(B) Daniel Boone (C) It was Daniel Boone (D) Daniel Boone was

12 Benjamin Franklin’s poor Richard’s Almanac, which he published from 1732 to 1757 information and proverbs in an interesting way

(A) it presented (B) and it presented (C) when it presented (D) presented

13 The Dark Ages in Europe a period which lasted for more than 500 years

14 Marco Polo, _ traveled to the Orient with his father and uncle, wrote a book about his travels

15 The stimulation that infant animals receive affects their behavior they become adults

16 , which had been brought to Europe from China in the 15th Century, helped seamen

to navigate

(A) The compass (B) It is the compass (C) which the compass (D) that the compass

17 In 1846 Dr William Morton introduced the use of ether as an anesthetic _ became a great boon to surgery

(A) so (B) and (C) which (D) who

18 Steamboats did not replace sailing vessels on the high seas _ later in the 1860s

(A) until (B) although (C) because (D) unless

19 _ is toasted, the brown on the outer surface consists of dextrin, which is easier to digest than starch

(A) Because a slice of bread (B) when a slice of bread

(C) Although a slice of bread (D) while a slice of bread

20 Conifers are important to man they supply much of his lumber and most of the wood pulp for paper

(A) whereas (B) although (C) whenever (D) because